Bonfire Night
Bonfire Night is a name given to various annual events characterised by
In
Bonfire Night is also celebrated in Northern Ireland on 15 August in Catholic communities to mark the Feast of the Assumption.[4]
Significance
In
In Northern Ireland, the term "Bonfire Night" can refer to the Eleventh Night celebrations of 11 July. Like 5 November, this Bonfire Night also has its roots in the sectarian struggle between Protestants and Catholics. Unlike 5 November the sectarian significance of 11 July is still strong. It celebrates the Battle of the Boyne of 1690, in which the Protestant William of Orange defeated the Catholic James II.[10]
In the city of Cork[2] and many rural parts of the Republic of Ireland "Bonfire Night" refers to 23 June, Saint John's Eve night. It has its origins in a religious celebration and originally featured prayers for bountiful crops. The night is linked to the
Social impact
Bonfire celebrations can pose a risk to public safety due to the possibility of fires, injuries, or fights. For example, in
The tradition of Bonfire Night has been criticised for its environmental impact. A 1994 study conducted in Oxford, England, found a four-fold increase in dioxin and furan concentration in the air after a Bonfire Night celebration.[16] In 2005 a Bonfire Night in Newfoundland prompted the provincial Minister of Environment and Conservation to remind the general public of their responsibilities for safety and the environment.[17]
Food
There are many food items that are associated with Bonfire Night.
References
- ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (5 November 2010), "Guy Fawkes vs Diwali: Battle of Bonfire Night", independent.co.uk, retrieved 22 March 2011
- ^ a b "15,000 to attend family friendly bonfires tonight". Irishexaminer.com. 23 June 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ a b Raleigh, David. "Two firefighters injured by mobs while extinguishing May Eve bonfires". The Irish Times. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ISBN 978-1-4039-8233-9.
- ^ Walters, Guy (1 November 2011). "Is it anti-Catholic to celebrate Guy Fawkes' Night?". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 November 2010.
Guy Fawkes' Nights – which are, after all, more commonly just called Bonfire or Firework Nights
) - ^ "How is Guy Fawkes Night Celebrated in Ireland?". TripSavvy.com. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ "Bonfire Night: London fireworks displays". Visitlondon.com. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ "Public asked to keep environment in mind on Guy Fawkes night". Government of Newfoundland. 4 November 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- ^ "Guy Fawkes Day in Cape Town". Cape Town Magazine. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Bonfire repair bill revealed". BBC News. 15 July 2003. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
- ^ Ryan, Órla (23 June 2015). "Why will lots of bonfires be lit across the country tonight?". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
- ^ Haggerty, Bridget. "St. John's Eve in old Ireland". Irish Culture and Customs.
- ^ Evans, Martin (26 October 2010). "Bonfire Night strikes: Prime Minister condemns firefighters' threat". The Telegraph. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^ Brooks, Sheena (29 October 2010). "Exploding Fireworks Being Mistaken for Gunfire". The St Kitts-Nevis Observer. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
- New Zealand Herald.
- .
- ^ "Public asked to keep environment in mind on Guy Fawkes night". Releases.gov.nl.ca. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ Wilson, C. "A Northern Bonfire Night treat". BBC. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
- ^ Heathcote, P (4 November 2011). "Get parched: an old favourite makes for a tasty Bonfire Night dish". Daily Post. Liverpool.[dead link]
- ^ "Traditional Bonfire Night Food". Bonfire Night and Guy Fawkes Traditions. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ "Bonfire Night 2019 in London - Dates & Map". Rove.me. Retrieved 21 December 2019.