Brewster Kahle

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Brewster Kahle
Kahle in 2015
Born
Brewster Lurton Kahle[1]

(1960-10-21) October 21, 1960 (age 63)[2]
New York City, New York, U.S.
Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology (BS)
Occupation(s)Digital librarian
Computer engineer
Internet entrepreneur
Employer(s)Internet Archive, Electronic Frontier Foundation
Known forDevelopment of WAIS
Co-founder of Alexa Internet
Founder of Internet Archive
SpouseMary Austin
Children2[3]
Brewster Kahle introducing himself
recorded April 2015
Websitebrewster.kahle.org

Brewster Lurton Kahle (/keɪl/ KAYL;[4] born October 21, 1960)[2] is an American digital librarian,[5] computer engineer, Internet entrepreneur, and advocate of universal access to all knowledge. In 1996, Kahle founded the Internet Archive and co-founded Alexa Internet. In 2012, he was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame.[4]

Life and career

Kahle was born in New York City and raised in

W. Daniel Hillis.[8]

After graduation, he joined the

Alta Vista, where he was struck by the immensity of the task being undertaken and achieved: to store and index everything that was on the Web. Kahle states: "I was standing there, looking at this machine that was the size of five or six Coke machines, and there was an 'aha moment' that said, 'You can do everything.'"[16]

Kahle was elected a member of the

Simmons College
, where he studied library science in the 1980s.

Kahle and his wife, Mary Austin, run the Kahle/Austin Foundation. The Foundation supports the Free Software Foundation for its GNU Project,[17] among other projects, with a total giving of about $4.5 million in 2011.[18]

In 2012, Kahle and banking veteran Jordan Modell established Internet Archive Federal Credit Union to serve people in New Brunswick, N.J. and Highland Park, New Jersey, as well as participants in programs that alleviate poverty in those areas.[19] The credit union voluntarily liquidated in 2015.[20]

Digitization advocacy

Brewster Kahle of the Internet Archive talks about archiving operations in 2013.

Kahle has been critical of

public-domain material published before 1923, and not bound by copyright law, is still bound by Google's contracts and requires permission to be distributed or copied. Kahle reasoned that this trend has emerged for a number of reasons: distribution of information favoring centralization, the economic cost of digitizing books, the issue of library staff without the technical knowledge to build these services, and the decision of administrators to outsource information services.[21]

Kahle advocated in 2009:

It's not that expensive. For the cost of 60 miles of highway, we can have a 10 million-book

Web search, a student researching the life of John F. Kennedy should be able to find books from many libraries, and many booksellers—and not be limited to one private library whose titles are available for a fee, controlled by a corporation that can dictate what we are allowed to read.[22]

Other benefits of digitization

In 1997, Kahle explained that apart from the value for historians' use of these digital archives, they might also help resolve some common infrastructure complaints about the Internet, such as adding reliability to "404 Document not found" errors, contextualizing information to make it more trustworthy, and maintaining navigation to aid in finding related content. Kahle also explained the importance of packaging enough meta-data (information about the information) into the archive, since it is unknown what future researchers will be interested in, and that it might be more problematic to find data than to preserve it.[23]

Physical media

"Knowledge lives in lots of different forms over time," Kahle said in 2011. "First it was in people's memories, then it was in

Book preservation experts commented he will have to contend with vermin and about a century's worth of books printed on wood pulp paper that disintegrates over time because of its own acidity. Peter Hanff, deputy director of UC Berkeley's Bancroft Library, said that just keeping the books on the west coast of the US will save them from the climate fluctuations that are the norm in other parts of the country.[24]

Awards and appointments

See also

References

  1. ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths KAHLE, MARGARET LURTON". The New York Times. March 6, 1998. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Alexa Internet profile Archived July 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, via juggle.com. accessed November 24, 2010
  3. ^ "Archiving the Internet / Brewster Kahle makes digital snapshots of Web". SFGate. May 7, 1999. Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
  4. ^
    ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  5. ^ Benny Evangelista (October 13, 2012). "Brewster Kahle's Internet Archive". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 25, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  6. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived
    from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  7. ^ A Library as Big as the World, Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  8. ^ a b About Archived August 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Brewster Kahle's Blog. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
  9. ^ Internet Nostalgia | MIT Admissions Archived November 21, 2019, at the Wayback Machine MIT Admissions. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
  10. ^ a b c Benton, Joshua (March 24, 2022). "After 25 years, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive are still working to democratize knowledge". Nieman Lab. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  11. ^ a b c "Brewster Kahle and Tony Marx: The Internet Archive at 25". New York Public Library. April 25, 2022. Archived from the original on October 22, 2022. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  12. ^ "AOL Buys Everyone". tidbits.com. June 5, 1995. Archived from the original on May 24, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
  13. ^ Kellogg, Carolyn (August 5, 2011). "Archiving every book ever published". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  14. ^ "Agreement and Plan of Merger - Amazon.com Inc. and Alexa Internet". Findlaw. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  15. ^ Hardy, Quentin. "The Big Deal: Brewster Kahle". Forbes. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
  16. ^ TONG, JUDY (September 8, 2002). "RESPONSIBLE PARTY – BREWSTER KAHLE; A Library Of the Web, On the Web". New York Times. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  17. ^ "Thank GNUs 2011". Free Software Foundation. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  18. ^ "Kahle/Austin Foundation | Find Grantmakers & Nonprofit Funders | Foundation Directory Online". fconline.foundationcenter.org. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  19. ^ Morrison, David (September 5, 2012). "Internet Pioneer, Former Banker Behind Newest CU". Credit Union Times. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
  20. ^ Strozniak, Peter (December 18, 2015). "Death of a Credit Union: Internet Archive FCU Voluntarily Liquidates". Credit Union Times. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
  21. ^ Brewster Kahle. Brewster Kahle's Michigan Talk (Videotape). Ann Arbor, MI at the John Seely Brown Symposium: si.umich.edu. Archived from the original (SWF FLV FLASH OGG MPEG4 WMA WindowsMedia) on August 18, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  22. ^ Singel, Ryan (May 19, 2009). "Stop the Google Library, Net's Librarian Says". Wired. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  23. ^ Kahle, Brewster (March 1997). "Archiving the Internet". Scientific American. Archived from the original on April 3, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
  24. ^ "Internet Archive founder turns to new information storage device – the book". The Guardian. August 1, 2011. Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2012. Brewster Kahle, the man behind a project to file every webpage, now wants to gather one copy of every published book
  25. ^ "Paul Evan Peters 2004 Award Winner: Brewster Kahle", EduCause.edu
  26. ^ "50 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World" Archived April 19, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Utne Reader, November–December 2009
  27. ^ "Current Honorary Degree Recipients: Spring 2010 Convocation" Archived November 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, University of Alberta
  28. ^ "Zoia_Horn_Intellectual_Freedom_Award". Archived from the original on November 20, 2010.
  29. ^ Kaplan, Jeff (January 4, 2011). "Brewster Kahle receives the Zoia Horn Intellectual Freedom Award | Internet Archive Blogs".
  30. ^ 2012 Inductees Archived April 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Internet Hall of Fame website. Last accessed September 26, 2017
  31. ^ JCARMICHAEL (May 14, 2013). "Brewster Kahle to be Honored with 2013 LITA/Library Hi Tech Award". Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2013.

Further reading

Library resources about
Brewster Kahle
By Brewster Kahle

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Audio/Video

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