Bromus madritensis

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Bromus madritensis
Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Pooideae
Genus: Bromus
Species:
B. madritensis
Binomial name
Bromus madritensis
Synonyms[1]
  • Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski
  • Anisantha matritensis (L.) Nevski
  • Bromus matritensis L.

Bromus madritensis is a species of

diploid number
of 28.

There are two subspecies:

  • Bromus madritensis subsp. madritensis: panicles less dense, stem and leaf sheath less hairy
  • Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (syn. Bromus rubens) – foxtail brome, foxtail chess, red brome: dense panicles and slightly hairy stems

Description

Reddish subspecies rubens habit

Bromus madritensis is an winter annual grass, growing solitary or tufted, with erect or ascending

anthers are 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long. The caryopses are as long as 11 mm (0.43 in).[2][3]

The grass emerges in early winter and remains dormant until spring when heavy rainfall and higher temperatures stimulate growth. Plants flower from this period typically until May when

water stress inhibits the grass. Populations grow during periods of heavy rainfall and populations can be wiped out during extended periods of drought.[4]

The grass alters soil conditions and the

digestive tracts of foraging livestock.[4]

Habitat and distribution

Bromus madritensis is native to southern and western Europe but has been introduced and naturalized nearly worldwide. In North America it is found primarily in the western United States, in Oregon, California, and Arizona. The grass was brought to North America in 1848 and was naturalized by the 1890s.

In its native range the grass grows in cultivated fields and steppes, and in North America it grows in waste areas, road verges, and disturbed areas, in both ranges primarily on dry stony or sandy soil.[3] In California, the weedy grass occurs in areas disturbed by wildfires. It grows from sea level to elevations of 1,300 m (4,300 ft).[4]

References

  1. ^ "Bromus madritensis". USDA Plants Database. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  2. ISBN 0-442-22250-5
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 9780195310719
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 9780520225473
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bromus madritensis.
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