Bundibugyo ebolavirus
Bundibugyo ebolavirus | |
---|---|
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Negarnaviricota
|
Class: | Monjiviricetes |
Order: | Mononegavirales |
Family: | Filoviridae |
Genus: | Ebolavirus |
Species: | Bundibugyo ebolavirus
|
Member virus | |
Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) |
The species Bundibugyo ebolavirus (
Use of term
The species Bundibugyo ebolavirus is a virological taxon (i.e. a man-made concept) that was suggested in 2008 to be included in the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales.[7] The species has a single virus member, Bundibugyo virus (BDBV).[1] The members of the species are called Bundibugyo ebolaviruses.[1] The name Bundibugyo ebolavirus is derived from Bundibugyo (the name of the chief town of the Ugandan Bundibugyo District, where Bundibugyo virus was first discovered) and the taxonomic suffix ebolavirus (which denotes an ebolavirus species).[1]
Bundibugyo virus (abbreviated BDBV) was first described in 2008 as a single member of a suggested new species Bundibugyo ebolavirus, which was suggested to be included into the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales.[8]
According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Bundibugyo ebolavirus is always to be capitalized, italicized, never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word "species". The names of its members (Bundibugyo ebolaviruses) are to be capitalized, are not italicized, and used without articles.[1] A formal proposal to accept this species into virus taxonomy was submitted in 2010[9] and was accepted by the ICTV in 2011.[10]
Species inclusion criteria
A virus of the genus Ebolavirus is a member of the species Bundibugyo ebolavirus if:[1]
- it is endemic in Uganda
- it has a genome with three gene overlaps (VP35/VP40, GP/VP30, VP24/L)
- it has a genomic sequence different from Ebola virusby ≥30%, but different from that of Bundibugyo virus by <30%
A virus of the species Bundibugyo ebolavirus is a Bundibugyo virus if it has the properties of Bundibugyo ebolaviruses and if its genome diverges from that of the prototype Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Bundibugyo virus variant #811250 (BDBV/#811250), by ≤10% at the nucleotide level.[1]
Previous designations
Bundibugyo virus was first introduced as Bundibugyo ebolavirus in 2008, albeit without differentiating this name from the suggested species Bundibugyo ebolavirus.
Disease
BDBV is one of four ebolaviruses that causes
A second outbreak was reported by the
Year | Geographic location | Human cases/deaths (case-fatality rate) |
2007–2008 | Bundibugyo District, Uganda | 149/37 (25%) |
2012 | Province Orientale, DRC
|
57/29 (51%) |
Ecology
The ecology of BDBV is currently unclear and no reservoir host has yet been identified. Therefore, it remains unclear how BDBV was introduced into the human population.
Molecular Biology
BDBV is basically uncharacterized on a molecular level. However, its genomic sequence, and with it the genomic organization and the conservation of individual open reading frames, is similar to that of the other four known ebolaviruses (58-61% nucleotide similarity).[8] It is therefore currently assumed that the knowledge obtained for EBOV can be extrapolated to BDBV and that all BDBV proteins are analogs of those of EBOV.[citation needed]
Patent
A United States patent with multinational collaborative recognition was applied for on 10/26/2009, and published 10/4/2012, for the rights to BDBV.[22] The patent is listed under six different numbers, including one assigned a US appellation, as well as one Canadian (CA), two European Patent Office (EP), and two World Intellectual Property Organization (WO) designations.
It is openly noted in the Deposit Statement of the patent application (Section [0002]) that the virus sample was deposited to the CDC in Atlanta, GA, on November 26, 2007, not to an International Depository Authority (IDA), which was the accepted method as established under the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for Purposes of Patent Procedure.[22] According to the same section, the “deposited organism” was also admittedly, “not acceptable by American Type Culture Collection.” This sample was painstakingly researched, and led to the patent application.[22]
Section [0037] of the patent explains its purpose as having “utility in design of diagnostic assays to monitor Ebola HF [Hemorrhagic Fever] disease in humans and animals, and develop effective antivirals and vaccines.”[22] Further, to avoid limiting the extent and reach of the patent, Section [0036] states that:
- It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to particular embodiments described, as such may, of :course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein :is for the purpose of describing particular :embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.[22]
The patent was published before the US Supreme Court ruled that natural material could not be patented as being an invention (as dictated in the 2013 trial: “
References
- ^ PMID 21046175.
- ^ US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "National Select Agent Registry (NSAR)". Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ US Department of Health and Human Services. "Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition". Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ US National Institutes of Health (NIH), US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). "Biodefense - NIAID Category A, B, and C Priority Pathogens". Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases". Archived from the original on 2014-07-22. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ The Australia Group. "List of Biological Agents for Export Control". Archived from the original on 2011-08-06. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- PMID 19023410.
- ^ PMID 2581435.
- ^ Kuhn JH, Becker S, Ebihara H, Geisbert TW, Johnson KM, Kawaoka Y, Netesov SV, Nichol ST, Peters CJ, Volchkov VE, Jahrling PB (14 June 2010). "Create new species named Bundibugyo ebolavirus in the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history: Bundibugyo ebolavirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ PMID 18637412.
- ^ PMID 20587179.
- ^ PMID 21122234.
- ^ "Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo (Update 20 August 2012) - WHO | Regional Office for Africa". Archived from the original on 2014-08-04. Retrieved 2012-08-26.
- ^ "WHO - Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo". www.who.int. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "Congo-Kinshasa: Bushmeat Blamed for Ebola Outbreak". 24 August 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2018 – via AllAfrica.
- ^ "WHO - Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo – update". www.who.int. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "WHO - Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo – update". www.who.int. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ Centers For Disease Control. "Outbreak Postings". Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
- PMID 19649327.
- S2CID 4403209.
- ^ a b c d e Towner, Jonathan S., Stuart T. Nichol, James A. Comer, Thomas G. Ksiazek, and Pierre E. Rollin. Human Ebola Virus Species and Compositions and Methods Thereof. The Government of the US as Represented by the Secretary of the Dept. of Health, Atlanta, GA, assignee. Patent US 2012/0251502 A1. 4 Oct. 2012. Print.
External links
- ICTV Files and Discussions - Discussion forum and file distribution for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Archived 2011-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
- View the eboVir3 genome assembly in the UCSC Genome Browser.