Cadmium cyanide

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Cadmium cyanide
Cadmium cyanide
Names
IUPAC name
Cadmium(II) cyanide
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.008.027 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2CN.Cd/c2*1-2;/q2*-1;+2 checkY
    Key: NHMJUOSYSOOPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/2CN.Cd/c2*1-2;/q2*-1;+2
    Key: NHMJUOSYSOOPDM-UHFFFAOYAI
  • [Cd+2].[C-]#N.[C-]#N
Properties
Cd(CN)2
Molar mass 164.45 g/mol
Appearance white cubic crystals
Density 2.226 g/cm3
1.71 g/100 mL (15 °C)
2.2 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility slightly soluble in alcohol
dissolves in alkali, metal cyanides and hydroxides
-54.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 [1910.1027] TWA 0.005 mg/m3 (as Cd)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 Ca[1]
IDLH
(Immediate danger)
 Ca [9 mg/m3 (as Cd)][1]
Related compounds
Other anions
 Cadmium chloride,
Cadmium iodide
Other cations
 Zinc cyanide,
Calcium cyanide,
Magnesium cyanide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Cadmium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula Cd(CN)2. It is a white crystalline compound that is used in electroplating.[2] It is very toxic, along with other cadmium and cyanide compounds.

Preparation and structure

Cadmium cyanide is prepared commercially by treating cadmium hydroxide with hydrogen cyanide:[3]

Cd(OH)2 + 2 HCN → Cd(CN)2 + 2 H2O

It can also be generated from tetracyanocadmate:

[Cd(CN)4]2− + CdCl2 → 2 Cd(CN)2 + 2 Cl−
clathrate consisting of cadmium cyanide host and carbon tetrachloride
guest, Cd(CN)2.CCl4. Blue = Cd(CN)2 framework, gray = C, green = disordered Cl.

Cadmium cyanide and

polymorphs of SiO2. This structural similarity of cadmium dicyanide and cristobalite was foundational in the development of mineralomimetic chemistry: "the build-up of mineral-like structures using materials that never give stable minerals."[5]

Reactions and uses

It is used as an electrolyte for electrodeposition of thin metallic cadmium coatings on metal to protect against corrosion.

Like zinc cyanide, cadmium cyanide is fairly soluble in water, which is unusual for transition metal cyanides. The solubility increases with the additional cyanide, this reaction proceeding via "[Cd(CN)3]−" and [Cd(CN)4]2−. With acids, its solutions evolve

clathrates.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0087". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3
    .
  3. doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_499
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
    .
  5. doi:10.1039/A702539D
    ..
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