Cadmium sulfate

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Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate
Names
IUPAC name
Cadmium(II) sulfate
Other names
Sulfuric acid, cadmium salt (1:1),
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.030.288 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 233-331-6
8295
RTECS number
  • EV2700000
UNII
UN number 2570
  • InChI=1S/Cd.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2 checkY
    Key: QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1/Cd.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
    Key: QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-NUQVWONBAG
  • [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
Properties
CdSO4
CdSO4·H2O (monohydrate)
3CdSO4·8H2O (octahydrate)
Molar mass 208.47 g/mol (anhydrous)
226.490 g/mol (monohydrate)
769.546 g/mol (octahydrate)
Appearance White
hygroscopic
solid
Odor odorless
Density 4.691 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
3.79 g/cm3 (monohydrate)
3.08 g/cm3 (octahydrate)[1]
Melting point 1,000 °C (1,830 °F; 1,270 K) (anhydrous)
105 °C (monohydrate)
40 °C (octahydrate)
Boiling point (decomposes to basic sulfate and then oxide)
anhydrous:
75 g/100 mL (0 °C)
76.4 g/100 mL (25 °C)
58.4 g/100 mL (99 °C)
monohydrate:
76.7 g/100 mL (25 °C)
octahydrate:
very soluble
Solubility slightly soluble in methanol, ethyl acetate
insoluble in ethanol
-59.2·10−6 cm3/mol
1.565
Structure
orthorhombic (anhydrous)
monoclinic (hepta & octahydrate)
Thermochemistry
123 J·mol−1·K−1[2]
Std enthalpy of
formation
(ΔfH⦵298)
 −935 kJ·mol−1[2]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H301, H330, H340, H350, H360, H372, H410
P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P284, P301+P310, P304+P340, P308+P313, P310, P314, P320, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
1
0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
280 mg/kg (oral, rat)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 [1910.1027] TWA 0.005 mg/m3 (as Cd)[3]
REL (Recommended)
 Ca[3]
IDLH
(Immediate danger)
 Ca [9 mg/m3 (as Cd)][3]
Safety data sheet (SDS) [1]
Related compounds
Other anions
 Cadmium acetate,
Cadmium chloride,
Cadmium nitrate
Other cations
 Zinc sulfate,
Calcium sulfate,
Magnesium sulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula CdSO4·xH2O. The most common form is the monohydrate CdSO4·H2O, but two other forms are known CdSO4·8⁄3H2O and the anhydrous salt (CdSO4). All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.

Structure, preparation, and occurrence

Portion of structure of CdSO4 illustrating the distorted tetrahedral geometry at Cd (dark blue spheres).[4]

octahedral coordination geometry, being surrounded by four oxygen centers provided by four sulfate ligands and two oxygen centers from the bridging water ligands.[5]

Cadmium sulfate hydrate can be prepared by the reaction of cadmium metal or its oxide or hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid:

CdO + H2SO4 → CdSO4 + H2O
Cd + H2SO4 → CdSO4 + H2

The anhydrous material can be prepared using sodium persulfate:[citation needed]

Cd + Na2S2O8 → CdSO4 + Na2SO4

Cadmium sulfates occur as the following rare minerals drobecite (CdSO4·4H2O), voudourisite (monohydrate), and lazaridisite (the 8/3-hydrate).

Applications

Cadmium sulfate is used widely for the electroplating of cadmium in electronic circuits. It is also a precursor to cadmium-based pigment such as

Weston standard cell as well as a pigment
in fluorescent screens.

References

  1. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7
    .
  3. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0087". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. doi:10.1524/zkri.1980.0011
    .
  5. PMID 26594423
    .
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