Cervinae
Cervinae | |
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Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Artiodactyla |
Family: | Cervidae |
Subfamily: | Cervinae Goldfuss, 1820 |
Tribes | |
For extinct genera, see text |
The Cervinae or the Old World deer, are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the plesiometacarpal deer, due to having lost the parts of the second and fifth metacarpal bones closest to the foot (though retaining the parts away from the foot), distinct from the telemetacarpal deer of the Capreolinae (which have instead retained these parts of those metacarpals, while losing the parts away from the foot instead).[1]
Classification and species
The following species are recognised in extant genera:[2][3][4][5][6]
- Tribe Muntiacini
- Genus Elaphodus
- Tufted deer (E. cephalophus)
- Genus Muntiacus
- Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes)
- Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons)
- Fea's muntjac (M. feae)
- Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis)
- Indian muntjac(M. muntjak)
- Sumatran muntjac (M. montanum)
- Pu Hoat muntjac (M. puhoatensis)
- Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis)
- Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi)
- Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum)
- Truong Son muntjac or Annamite muntjac (M. truongsonensis)
- Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis)
- Genus
- Tribe Cervini ("true" deer)
- Genus Dama
- Common fallow deer(D. dama)
- Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)
- Genus Axis
- Chital (A. axis)
- Calamian deer (A. calamianensis)
- Bawean deer (A. kuhlii)
- Indian hog deer (A. porcinus)
- Genus Rucervus
- Barasingha (R. duvaucelii)
- Eld's deer (R. eldii)
- †Schomburgk's deer (R. schomburgki)
- Genus Elaphurus
- Père David's deer (E. davidianus)
- Genus Rusa
- Visayan spotted deer or Prince Alfred's deer (R. alfredi)
- Philippine deer or Philippine sambar (R. mariannus)
- Javan rusa deer (R. timorensis)
- Sambar(R. unicolor)
- Genus Cervus
- Thorold's deer (C. albirostris)
- Elk or American wapiti (C. canadensis)
- Red deer (C. elaphus)
- Central Asian red deer (C. hanglu)
- Sika deer (C. nippon)
- Genus
The taxonomy of Cervini is poorly resolved due to conflict between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies:
Mitchondrial DNA phylogeny after Heckeberg (2020)[7][8]
Cervidae |
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Nuclear DNA phylogeny after Heckeberg (2020)[7][8]
Cervidae |
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Extinct genera
- †Amphiprox
- †Cervavitus
- †Croizetoceros?
- †Dicrocerus
- †Euprox
- †Praesinomegaceros
- †Heteroprox
- †Metacervocerus
- †Praeelaphus
- †Cervavitus? (Eurasia, Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene)
- †Megaloceros (Eurasia, Early/Middle Pleistocene-Holocene, ~5700 BC)
- †Praemegaceros (Europe, Early Pleistocene-Holocene, ~5500 BC)
- †Pseudodama (Eurasia, Early Pleistocene)
- †Sinomegaceros (Central and East Asia, Early-Late Pleistocene)
- †Megaceroides(North Africa, Late Pleistocene-Holocene, ~ 4000 BC)
- †Eucladoceros (Eurasia, Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene)
- †Candiacervus (Crete, Late Pleistocene)
- †Haploidoceros (Europe, Middle-Late Pleistocene)
Evolution
Cervinae is suggested to have split from Capreolinae at least 13.8 million years ago based on the first appearance of Euprox, suggested to be a
References
- ^ ISSN 2673-4834.
- S2CID 86572236.
- PMID 15522810.
- ^ Alvarez D. (2007)[full citation needed]
- PMID 18675919.
- ^ "A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
- ^ PMID 35578743.
- ^ PMID 32110477.
- PMID 29030580.
- PMID 32488122.