Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)
Chamber of Deputies مجلس مبعوثان Meclis-i Mebusan | |
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State organisation of the Ottoman Empire | |
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Classic period | |
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Constitutional period | |
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The Chamber of Deputies (
First Constitutional Era (1876–1878)
In the
After the establishment of the whole parliament,
The actions of the Chamber were subject to a veto by the upper house, the
Second Constitutional Era (1908–1920)
The Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire began shortly after Abdul Hamid II was forced to restore the constitutional monarchy after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. The longer lasting period also saw the establishment of many political groups and parties. Ahmet Rıza became the first President of the Chamber in 1908. Following the 31 March Incident in 1909 an amendment to the original 1876 constitution resulted in the Chamber gaining more true political power at the expense of the non-democratically elected Senate and the Sultan.[6] A series of elections during this period resulted in the gradual ascendance of the Committee of Union and Progress's (CUP) domination in politics. The second largest party was the Liberty Party (1908 - 1910) and the Freedom and Accord Party (1911 - 1920) (Turkish: Hürriyet ve İtilâf) both parties led by Mehmed Sabahaddin.
The second constitutional era came to a de facto end after the 1912 elections (known as the Sopalı Seçimler, "Election of Clubs"), which the CUP was widely understood to have rigged in its favor.[4] After the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état the following year and the seizure of power by the CUP triumvirate known as the Three Pashas, the Chamber of Deputies, along with the Sultan and the Senate, ceased to exercise any meaningful political power over the government.[4]
The era formally ended after
March of the Chamber of Deputies
The leaders of the revolution, Ahmed Niyazi Bey and Enver Pasha, were mentioned in the March of the Deputies (Turkish: Meclis-i Mebusan Marşı), the anthem of the restored Chamber of Deputies (see audio at top right at 01:20); the fourth line was sung "Long live Niyazi, long live Enver!" (Turkish: "Yaşasın Niyazi, yaşasın Enver!").
Parliaments sessions
First Constitutional Era
- 1st Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire (First half of 1877)
- 2nd Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire (Second half of 1877)
Second Constitutional Era
- 3rd Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1912)
- 4th Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire (1912–1914)
- 5th Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire (1914–1919)
- 6th Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire (1919–1920)
See also
- Elections in the Ottoman Empire
- List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire
- Senate of the Ottoman Empire, the upper house
- General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire, the parliament as a whole
External links
References
- ^ a b c d "Meclis-i Mebusan (Mebuslar Meclisi)". Tarihi Olaylar.
- ISBN 9780199759880. - Cited page: [1]
- ^ ISBN 0-8223-0766-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-975988-0.
- ISBN 978-0-571-27908-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8108-6606-5.
- ISBN 978-0-8133-4833-9.