Charles Bukowski

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"Bukowski" redirects here. For other uses, see Bukowski (disambiguation).

Charles Bukowski
Weimar Germany
DiedMarch 9, 1994(1994-03-09) (aged 73)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
NationalityGerman
American
Occupations
  • Poet
  • novelist
  • short story writer
  • columnist
MovementDirty realism,[1][2] transgressive fiction[3]
Spouses
Barbara Frye
​
​
(m. 1957; div. 1959)​
Linda Lee Beighle
​
(m. 1985)​
Children1

Henry Charles Bukowski (/buːˈkaʊski/ boo-KOW-skee; born Heinrich Karl Bukowski, German: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈkaʁl buˈkɔfski]; August 16, 1920 – March 9, 1994) was a German-American poet, novelist, and short story writer. His writing was influenced by the social, cultural, and economic ambience of his adopted home city of Los Angeles.[4] Bukowski's work addresses the ordinary lives of poor Americans, the act of writing, alcohol, relationships with women, and the drudgery of work. The FBI kept a file on him as a result of his column Notes of a Dirty Old Man in the LA underground newspaper Open City.[5][6]

Bukowski published extensively in small literary magazines and with small presses beginning in the early 1940s and continuing on through the early 1990s. He wrote thousands of poems, hundreds of short stories and six novels, eventually publishing over sixty books during the course of his career. Some of these works include his Poems Written Before Jumping Out of an 8 Story Window, published by his friend and fellow poet

Slipstream."[7]

In 1986, Time called Bukowski a "laureate of American lowlife".[8] Regarding his enduring popular appeal, Adam Kirsch of The New Yorker wrote, "the secret of Bukowski's appeal ... [is that] he combines the confessional poet's promise of intimacy with the larger-than-life aplomb of a pulp-fiction hero."[9]

During his lifetime, Bukowski received little attention from academic critics in the United States, but was better received in Western Europe, particularly the United Kingdom, and especially Germany, where he was born. Since his death in March 1994, Bukowski has been the subject of a number of critical articles and books about both his life and writings.

Biography

Family and early years

Bukowski's birthplace at Aktienstrasse, Andernach

Charles Bukowski was born Heinrich Karl Bukowski in

Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). They married and settled in Pasadena, California, where Leonard worked as a successful carpenter. The couple had four children, including Heinrich (Henry), Charles Bukowski's father.[10][11] His mother, Katharina Bukowski, was the daughter of Wilhelm Fett and Nannette Israel.[12] The name Israel is widespread among Catholics in the Eifel region.[13] Bukowski assumed his paternal ancestor had moved from Poland to Germany around 1780, as "Bukowski" is a Polish last name. As far back as Bukowski could trace, his whole family was German.[14]

Bukowski's parents met in Andernach following World War I. His father was German-American and a sergeant in the

Baltimore, Maryland
, where they settled.

His family moved to

abusive, both physically and mentally, beating his son for the smallest imagined offense.[17][18] He later told an interviewer that his father beat him with a razor strop
three times a week from the ages of six to 11 years. He says that it helped his writing, as he came to understand undeserved pain.

Young Bukowski spoke English with a strong German accent and was taunted by his childhood playmates with the epithet "Heini," German diminutive of Heinrich, in his early youth. He was shy and socially withdrawn, a condition exacerbated during his teen years by an extreme case of

acne.[18] Neighborhood children ridiculed his accent and the clothing his parents made him wear. The Great Depression bolstered his rage as he grew, and gave him much of his voice and material for his writings.[19]

In his early teen years, Bukowski had an epiphany when he was introduced to alcohol by his friend William "Baldy" Mullinax, depicted as "Eli LaCrosse" in Ham on Rye, son of an alcoholic surgeon. "This [alcohol] is going to help me for a very long time," he later wrote, describing a method (drinking) he could use to come to more amicable terms with his own life.[17] Bukowski attended Susan Miller Dorsey High School for one year before transferring to Los Angeles High School.[20] After graduating from high school in 1939, Bukowski attended Los Angeles City College for two years, taking courses in art, journalism, and literature, before quitting at the start of World War II. He then moved to New York City to begin a career as a financially pinched blue-collar worker with hopes of becoming a writer.[18]

On July 22, 1944, with the war ongoing, Bukowski was arrested by

4-F
(unfit for military service).

Early writing

When Bukowski was aged 23 (March-April 1944), his short story "Aftermath of a Lengthy Rejection Slip" was published in Story magazine. Two years later, another short story, "20 Tanks from Kasseldown", was published by the Black Sun Press in Issue III of Portfolio: An Intercontinental Quarterly, a limited-run, loose-leaf broadside collection printed in 1946 and edited by Caresse Crosby. Failing to break into the literary world, Bukowski grew disillusioned with the publication process and quit writing for almost a decade, a time that he referred to as a "ten-year drunk". These "lost years" formed the basis for his later semiautobiographical chronicles, and there are fictionalized versions of Bukowski's life through his highly stylized alter-ego, Henry Chinaski.[4] However, Bukowski never fully gave up writing and had occasional pieces published during this period. The “ten-year drunk” was part of the Chinaski Legend, similar to Jack Kerouac’s Duluoz Legend.

During part of this period he continued living in Los Angeles, working at a pickle factory for a short time but also spending some time roaming about the U.S., working sporadically and staying in cheap

letter carrier with the United States Post Office Department
in Los Angeles, but resigned just before he reached three years' service.

In the spring of 1954, Bukowski was treated for a near-fatal bleeding ulcer. After leaving the hospital he began to write poetry.[10] The next year he agreed to marry small-town Texas poet Barbara Frye, but they divorced in 1958. According to Howard Sounes's Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life, she later died under mysterious circumstances in India. Following his divorce, Bukowski resumed drinking and continued writing poetry.[10]

Several of Bukowski's poems were published in the late 1950s in Gallows, a small poetry magazine published briefly (the magazine lasted for two issues) by Jon Griffith.[21] The small avant-garde literary magazine Nomad, published by Anthony Linick and Donald Factor (the son of Max Factor Jr.), offered a home to Bukowski's early work. Nomad's inaugural issue in 1959 featured two of his poems. A year later, Nomad published one of Bukowski's best-known essays, Manifesto: A Call for Our Own Critics.[22]

1960s

By 1960, Bukowski had returned to the post office in Los Angeles and began work as a letter filing clerk, a position he held for more than a decade. In 1962, he was distraught over the death of Jane Cooney Baker, his first serious girlfriend. Bukowski turned his inner devastation into a series of poems and stories lamenting her death.[23]

5124 DeLongpre Avenue, Los Angeles, now Bukowski Court, where Bukowski resided from 1963 to 1972

E.V. Griffith, editor of Hearse Press, published Bukowski's first separately printed publication, a broadside titled "His Wife, the Painter," in June 1960. This event was followed by Hearse Press's publication of "Flower, Fist and Bestial Wail," Bukowski's first

lithographs which was published in 1964. Hearse Press continued to publish poems by Bukowski through the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s.[24]

Jon and Louise Webb, publishers of the literary magazine The Outsider, featured some of Bukowski's poetry in its pages. Under the Loujon Press imprint, the Webbs published Bukowski's It Catches My Heart in Its Hands in 1963 and Crucifix in a Deathhand in 1965.

In 1964 a daughter, Marina Louise Bukowski, was born to Bukowski and his live-in girlfriend Frances Smith. She would be his only child.[23]

Beginning in 1967, Bukowski wrote the column Notes of a Dirty Old Man for Los Angeles' Open City, an underground newspaper. When Open City was shut down in 1969, the column was picked up by the Los Angeles Free Press as well as the hippie underground paper NOLA Express in New Orleans. In 1969, Bukowski and Neeli Cherkovski launched their own short-lived mimeographed literary magazine, Laugh Literary and Man the Humping Guns. They produced three issues over the next two years.

Black Sparrow years

In 1969, Bukowski accepted an offer from Black Sparrow Press publisher John Martin and quit his post office job to dedicate himself to full-time writing. He was then 49 years old. As he explained in a letter at the time, "I have one of two choices – stay in the post office and go crazy ... or stay out here and play at writer and starve. I have decided to starve."[25] Less than one month after leaving the postal service he finished his first novel, Post Office. As a measure of respect for Martin's financial support and faith in a relatively unknown writer, Bukowski published almost all of his subsequent major works with Black Sparrow Press, which became a highly successful enterprise. An avid supporter of small independent presses, Bukowski continued to submit poems and short stories to innumerable small publications throughout his career.[18]

Bukowski embarked on a series of love affairs and

Robert Peters reported seeing Bukowski as an actor in King's play Only a Tenant, in which she and Bukowski stage-read the first act at the Pasadena Museum of the Artist. This was a one-off performance of what was a shambolic work.[26] Bukowski's other affairs were with a recording executive and a twenty-three-year-old redhead; he wrote a book of poetry as a tribute to his love for the latter, titled, "Scarlet" (Black Sparrow Press, 1976). His various affairs and relationships provided material for his stories and poems. Another important relationship was with "Tanya", pseudonym of "Amber O'Neil" (also a pseudonym), described in Bukowski's "Women" as a pen-pal that evolved into a weekend tryst at Bukowski's residence in Los Angeles in the 1970s. "Amber O'Neil" later self-published a chapbook about the affair entitled "Blowing My Hero".[27]

In 1976, Bukowski met Linda Lee Beighle, a health food restaurant owner, rock-and-roll groupie, aspiring actress, heiress to a small Philadelphia "Main Line" fortune and devotee of

Manly Palmer Hall, a Canadian-born author, mystic, and spiritual teacher, in 1985. Beighle is referred to as "Sara" in Bukowski's novels Women and Hollywood
.

In the 1980s, Bukowski collaborated with cartoonist Robert Crumb on a series of comic books, with Bukowski supplying the writing and Crumb providing the artwork. Through the 1990s Crumb also illustrated a number of Bukowski's stories, including the collection The Captain Is Out to Lunch and the Sailors Have Taken Over the Ship and the story "Bring Me Your Love".[29]

Bukowski was also published in Beloit Poetry Journal.

Live poetry readings

Bukowski's live readings were legendary, with the drunk raucous crowd fighting with the drunk angry poet. In 1972, Joe Wolberg, who was the manager of

City Lights Books in San Francisco, rented a hall and paid Bukowski to read his poems. A vinyl album was released by City Lights, which was re-issued by Takoma Records in 1980.[30]

In May 1978, Bukowski traveled to West Germany and gave a live poetry reading of his work before an audience in Hamburg. This was released as a double 12" L.P. stereo record titled "CHARLES BUKOWSKI 'Hello. It's good to be back.'"

His last international performance was in October 1979 in

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and was released on DVD as There's Gonna Be a God Damn Riot in Here. The reading was produced by fan/friend Dennis Del Torre, who rented a venue, Viking Hall, paid Bukowski and his wife Linda to fly up, hired a video crew, promoted the event, and sold tickets. The crowd and Bukowski were very drunk for the event. A heckler was near the stage and can be heard clearly. Del Torre later went to Bukowski's widow, Linda Bukowski, for permission to license it. He thought it was the last reading Bukowski gave, but Linda told him there was another reading after that in Redondo Beach, CA, in early 1980.[30][31]

In March 1980 he gave his very last reading at the Sweetwater music venue in Redondo Beach, California, which was released as Hostage on vinyl and audio CD, and The Last Straw on DVD, filmed and produced by Jon Monday for mondayMEDIA.[32] In 2010 the unedited versions of both The Last Straw and Riot were released as One Tough Mother on DVD.[30]

Main article: The Last Straw (2008 film)

Death and legacy

Henry Charles Bukowski Jr.'s grave in Green Hills Memorial Park

Bukowski died of

Rancho Palos Verdes. An account of the proceedings can be found in Gerald Locklin's book Charles Bukowski: A Sure Bet. His gravestone reads: "Don't Try", a phrase which Bukowski uses in one of his poems, advising aspiring writers and poets about inspiration and creativity. Bukowski explained the phrase in a 1963 letter to John William Corrington
: "Somebody at one of these places [...] asked me: 'What do you do? How do you write, create?' You don't, I told them. You don't try. That's very important: not to try, either for Cadillacs, creation or immortality. You wait, and if nothing happens, you wait some more. It's like a bug high on the wall. You wait for it to come to you. When it gets close enough you reach out, slap out and kill it. Or, if you like its looks, you make a pet out of it."

Bukowski's work was subject to controversy throughout his career. Hugh Fox claimed that his sexism in his poetry, at least in part, translated into his life. In 1969, Fox published the first critical study of Bukowski in The North American Review, and mentioned his attitude toward women: "When women are around, he has to play Man. In a way it's the same kind of 'pose' he plays at in his poetry—Bogart, Eric Von Stroheim. Whenever my wife Lucia would come with me to visit him he'd play the Man role, but one night she couldn't come I got to Buk's place and found a whole different guy—easy to get along with, relaxed, accessible."[33]

In June 2006, Bukowski's literary archive was donated by his widow to the Huntington Library in San Marino, California. Copies of all editions of his work published by the Black Sparrow Press are held at Western Michigan University, which purchased the archive of the publishing house after its closure in 2003.

Ecco Press continues to release new collections of his poetry, culled from the thousands of works published in small literary magazines. According to Ecco Press, the 2007 release The People Look Like Flowers at Last will be his final posthumous release, as now all his once-unpublished work has been made available.[34]

Writing

Writers including John Fante,[35] Knut Hamsun,[35] Louis-Ferdinand Céline,[35] Ernest Hemingway,[36] Robinson Jeffers,[36] Henry Miller,[35] D. H. Lawrence,[36] Fyodor Dostoevsky,[36] Du Fu[36] Li Bai,[36] and James Thurber are noted as influences on Bukowski's writing.

Bukowski often spoke of Los Angeles as his favorite subject. In a 1974 interview he said, "You live in a town all your life, and you get to know every bitch on the street corner and half of them you have already messed around with. You've got the layout of the whole land. You have a picture of where you are.... Since I was raised in L.A., I've always had the geographical and spiritual feeling of being here. I've had time to learn this city. I can't see any other place than L.A."[25]

Bukowski also performed live readings of his works, beginning in 1962 on radio station KPFK in Los Angeles and increasing in frequency through the 1970s. Drinking was often a featured part of the readings, along with a combative banter with the audience.[37] Bukowski could also be generous; for example, after a sold-out show at Amazingrace Coffeehouse in Evanston, Illinois, on November 18, 1975, he signed and illustrated over 100 copies of his poem "Winter," published by No Mountains Poetry Project. By the late 1970s, Bukowski's income was sufficient to give up live readings.

One critic has described Bukowski's fiction as a "detailed depiction of a certain taboo male fantasy: the uninhibited bachelor, slobby, anti-social, and utterly free", an image he tried to live up to with sometimes riotous public poetry readings and boorish party behavior.[38] A few critics and commentators[39] also supported the idea that Bukowski was a cynic, as a man and a writer. Bukowski denied being a cynic, stating: "I've always been accused of being a cynic. I think cynicism is sour grapes. I think cynicism is a weakness."[40]

Poetry editorial controversy

Over half of Bukowski's collections have been published posthumously. Posthumous collections have been known to have been 'John Martinized'

better source needed
]

In music

  • American band Red Hot Chili Peppers reference Bukowski and his works in several songs; singer Anthony Kiedis has stated that Bukowski is a big influence on his writing.[46]
  • Harry Styles stopped One Direction concerts to read Bukowski in 2014.[47] He later quoted "Old Man, Dead in a Room" in his song "Woman,"[48] and opened his 2021 Love on Tour shows with a quote from "Style".[49]
  • The Volcano Choir song "Alaskans" features a recording of Bukowski reading a poem on French television.[50]
  • "Bluebird" is claimed to be the first country song inspired by Charles Bukowski to reach Number 1.[51]
  • A 2006 musical comedy, Bukowsical!, by Spencer Green and Gary Stockdale, pokes fun at Bukowski's life and hipster image.[52]

In film

  • Barfly, released in 1987, is a semi-autobiographical film written by Bukowski and starring Mickey Rourke as Henry Chinaski, who represents Bukowski, and Faye Dunaway as his lover Wanda Wilcox. Sean Penn offered to play Chinaski for one dollar as long as his friend Dennis Hopper would direct,[53] but the European director Barbet Schroeder had invested many years and thousands of dollars in the project and Bukowski felt Schroeder deserved to make it. Bukowski wrote the screenplay, was given script approval,[53] and appears as a bar patron in a brief cameo.
  • The 1991 French film Lune Froide, directed by Patrick Bouchitey, was entered into the 1991 Cannes Film Festival, and is based on the short stories "The Copulating Mermaid of Venice" and "Trouble with the Battery".
  • The 2005 film Factotum, adapted from Bukowski's 1975 novel of the same name, was released to mixed reviews.[54]
  • In 2013, actor
    Oxford Square, a historic neighborhood of Los Angeles.[55] In April 2014, producer Cyril Humphris sued Franco, claiming that the film was an unauthorized adaptation of Bukowski's Ham on Rye, to which Humphris had the film rights.[56] The lawsuit was eventually settled in October 2014, but the film has not be released since.[57]
  • Bukowski appeared with a cameo in the 1977 movie Supervan, as the "Wet T-Shirt Contest Water Boy".[58]

Selected works

Novels

Poetry collections

  • Flower, Fist, and Bestial Wail (1960)
  • It Catches My Heart in Its Hands (1963) (title taken from Robinson Jeffers poem, "Hellenistics")
  • Crucifix in a Deathhand (1965)
  • At Terror Street and Agony Way (1968)
  • Poems Written Before Jumping Out of an 8-story Window (1968)
  • A Bukowski Sampler (1969)
  • The Days Run Away Like Wild Horses Over the Hills (1969)
  • Fire Station (1970)
  • Mockingbird Wish Me Luck (1972)
  • Burning in Water, Drowning in Flame: Selected Poems 1955–1973 (1974)
  • Maybe Tomorrow (1977)
  • Love Is a Dog from Hell (1977)
  • Play the Piano Drunk Like a Percussion Instrument Until the Fingers Begin to Bleed a Bit (1979)
  • Dangling in the Tournefortia (1981)
  • War All the Time: Poems 1981–1984 (1984)
  • You Get So Alone at Times That It Just Makes Sense (1986)
  • The Roominghouse Madrigals (1988)
  • Septuagenarian Stew: Stories & Poems (1990)
  • People Poems (1991)
  • The Last Night of the Earth Poems (1992)
  • Betting on the Muse: Poems and Stories (1996)
  • What Matters Most Is How Well You Walk Through the Fire. (1999)
  • Open All Night (2000)
  • The Night Torn Mad with Footsteps (2001)
  • Slouching Toward Nirvana (2005)
  • The Pleasures of the Damned: Selected Poems 1951–1993 (2007)
  • The Continual Condition (2009)
  • On Cats (2015)
  • On Love (2016)
  • Storm for the Living and the Dead (2017)

Short story chapbooks and collections

Nonfiction books

  • Shakespeare Never Did This (1979); expanded (1995)
  • The Captain Is Out to Lunch and the Sailors Have Taken Over the Ship (1998)
  • On Writing; Edited by Abel Debritto (2015)
  • The Mathematics of the Breath and the Way: On Writers and Writing; Edited by David Stephen Calonne (City Lights, 2018)

See also

References

  1. S2CID 170828985
    .
  2. ^ "Charles Bukowski (criticism)". Enotes.com. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  3. ^ Donnelly, Ben. "The Review of Contemporary Fiction: Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life by Howard Sounces". Dalkey Archive Press at the University of Illinois. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008.
  4. ^ a b "Bukowski, Charles". Columbia University Press.
  5. ^ "Charles Bukowski FBI files". bukowski.net. Archived from the original on February 3, 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  6. ^ Keeler, Emily (September 9, 2013). "The FBI kept its own notes on 'dirty old man' Charles Bukowski". Los Angeles Times.
  7. ^ "Charles Bukowski, King of the Underground From Obscurity to Literary Icon". Palgrave Macmillan. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  8. ^ Iyer, Pico (June 16, 1986). "Celebrities Who Travel Well". Time. Archived from the original on March 16, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
  9. ^ Kirsch, Adam (March 14, 2005). "Smashed". The New Yorker.
  10. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7535-2159-5[page needed
    ]
  11. ^ Neeli Cherkovski: Das Leben des Charles Bukowski. München 1993, p. 18-20.
  12. ^ Martinez, Al (January 7, 2008). "Do we need to admire Charles Bukowski to honor his poetry?". Los Angeles Times.
  13. ^ Charles Bukowski US-Schrifsteller aus Andernach Archived December 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Eifel-Zeitung, August 16, 2016 (in German)
  14. ^ Elisa Leonelli, "Charles Bukowski: "It's humanity that bothers me.", Cultural Weekly, August 4, 2015.
  15. ^ a b Sounes, Howard. Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life, p. 8
  16. ^ Kudler, Adrian Glick (May 26, 2015). "Charles Bukowski's Famous Childhood Home in Mid-City LA is For Sale". Curbed LA.
  17. ^
    ISBN 0-06-117758-X
    .
  18. ^ a b c d Young, Molly. "Poetry Foundation of America. Bukowski Profile". Poetryfoundation.org. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  19. ^ "Bukowski, Charles (1920–1994)". Routledge.
  20. ISBN 978-1-78023-023-8
    .
  21. ^ "Sheaf, Hearse, Coffin, Poetry NOW" by E.V. Griffith (Hearse Press, 1996), pp. 23
  22. ^ Debritto (2013), p.90.
  23. ^ a b Bukowski, Charles Run with the hunted: a Charles Bukowski reader, Edited by John Martin (Ecco, 2003), pp. 363–365
  24. ^ "Sheaf, Hearse, Coffin, Poetry NOW" by E.V. Griffith (Hearse Press, 1996), pp. 30, 32
  25. ^ a b "Introduction to Charles Bukowski by Jay Dougherty". Jaydougherty.com. August 16, 1920. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  26. ^ Charles Bukowski – Criticism. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  27. ^ Sounes, Howard. Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life. Grove Press, 1998. 275.
  28. ^ Ciotti, Paul. (March 22, 1987) Los Angeles Times Bukowski: He's written more than 40 books, and in Europe he's treated like a rock star. He has dined with Norman Mailer and goes to the race track with Sean Penn. Mickey Rourke and Faye Dunaway are starring in a movie based on his life. At 66, poet Charles Bukowski is suddenly in vogue. Section: Los Angeles Times Magazine; p12.
  29. ^ Popova, Maria. "R. Crumb Illustrates Bukowksi" www.brainpickings.org. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  30. ^ a b c Record Collector Magazine" May – June 2021 Page 35
  31. ^ "Charles Bukowski: There's Gonna Be a God Damn Riot in Here! Live in Vancouver (1979) – Trailers, Reviews, Synopsis, Showtimes and Cast". AllMovie. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  32. ^ "Charles Bukowski: The Last Straw (1980) – Trailers, Reviews, Synopsis, Showtimes and Cast". AllMovie. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  33. JSTOR 25117001
    .
  34. ^ "The People Look Like Flowers At Last: New Poems". Amazon. March 9, 1994. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  35. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4344-0257-8
    .
  36. ^
    ISBN 1-4120-5966-6
    .
  37. ^ "Excerpt from letter from Bukowski to Carl Weissner – included in ""Living on Luck Selected Letters 1960s – 1970s Volume 2"", page 276". Bukowskilive.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  38. ^ "Boston Review". Archived from the original on February 12, 2012.
  39. ^ "a view of humanity that is cynical" https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2007/sep/05/bukowski "is well known for his cynicism" https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/california/articles/an-introduction-to-charles-bukowski-in-8-poems/ "raw, cynical, pockmarked poet" http://www.prrb.ca/articles/issue02-bukowski.htm "cynical, sharp-minded and grounded" https://charles-bukowski.quillsliteracy.org/charles-bukowski-love-poems/ "Ι am quite the cynic I would fall in love with Bukowski as he has the same dark, twisted view on life" http://renemullen.com/book-review-ham-on-rye-by-charles-bukowski/ "He came by his nihilism and cynicism" http://brianoverland.com/2014/03/16/writing-in-california-bukowski-vs-moody/ Archived April 7, 2019, at the Wayback Machine "cynic, sarcastic, pessimistic and disillusioned" http://www.merchantsofair.com/a-small-neat-journal/charles-bukowski-the-dirty-old-man "is one of the most cynical authors" https://sites.psu.edu/caradorercl1314/2014/03/26/this-bukowski/comment-page-1/ "His work is abrasive, honest and cynical" https://www.spectatornews.com/scene/2008/04/17/in-review-ham-on-rye/
  40. ^ "Charles Bukowski article - Tough Guys Write Poetry by Sean Penn". bukowski.net. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  41. ^ "Bukowski's poems were mangled by editors after his death. Now you can read his originals". PBS. November 6, 2017.
  42. ^ "Charles Bukowski's Posthumous Poetry: As the Spirit Wanes, Shit Happens". Los Angeles Review of Books. March 2, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  43. ^ "The Senseless, Tragic Rape of Charles Bukowski's Ghost by John Martin's Black Sparrow Press". mjp Books Blog via archive.is. June 18, 2013. Archived from the original on April 11, 2023.
  44. ^ "Charles Bukowski poem manuscript: Roll The Dice". bukowski.net. [dead link‍]
  45. ^ "What about 'Roll the Dice'?". Charles Bukowski – American author. August 23, 2011.
  46. ^ "The six best songs inspired by Charles Bukowski". faroutmagazine.co.uk. August 16, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
  47. ^ Golembewski, Vanessa. "Harry Styles Reads Bukowski – One Direction Boston". Refinery29.
  48. ^ Harry Styles (Media notes). Harry Styles. Columbia Records / Erskine Records. 2017.
  49. ^ McCarty, India (May 13, 2022). "Harry Styles Became a Book Nerd Thanks to Haruki Murakami's 'Norwegian Wood'". Showbiz Cheat Sheet. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
  50. ^ "Volcano Choir". Pitchfork. August 28, 2013.
  51. ^ Willman, Chris (July 27, 2020). "Miranda Lambert on Finally Reclaiming the No. 1 Spot With 'Bluebird': 'I Knew I Was Delivering Great Music'".
  52. ^ Morgan, Terry (March 19, 2006). "Bukowsical!". Variety.
  53. ^ a b "Big-Screen Time for Bukowski : 'Love Is a Dog' and 'Barfly' Put Hard-Living Poet in the Limelight". Los Angeles Times. November 3, 1987. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  54. ^ "Factotum (2005)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  55. ^ Richard Verrier (February 13, 2013). "'Bukowski' plays role in modest rise for local film production". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  56. ^ Gardner, Eriq (April 25, 2014). "James Franco Sued for Violating Film Rights to Charles Bukowski Novel". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  57. ^ Gardner, Eriq (October 30, 2014). "James Franco Settles Lawsuit Over Charles Bukowski Biopic". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  58. ^ Super Van (1977) – Lamar Gard, Lamar Card | Cast and Crew | AllMovie, retrieved April 4, 2022

Further reading

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