Cherven Cities

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Cherven Gords in 1025 AD, under the rule of Bolesław I the Brave of Poland, superimposed over contemporary boundaries

The Cherven Cities or Cherven Gords (

Kingdom of Poland and Kievan Rus'
at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, with both sides claiming their rights to the land.

Etymology

Originally, the name "Cherven Cities" probably identified a territory between the

gord that existed there, possibly on the site of the present-day village of Czermno.[1] The first mention of the "Cherven cities" is given by the Primary Chronicle (12th century), when Vladimir the Great captured them from the Lyakhs (Poles) in 981.[2]

History

Mieszko I (992); dark red border comprises the area at the end of the reign of Bolesław I
(1025)
Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas (1886) depicting Poland in 1025 — Cherven (Czerwensk) region located in the lower-right corner

The Cherven Cities first described in the Primary Chronicle by Nestor the Chronicler have a central role in the history of the Early Medieval Polish-Ruthenian borderlands. The area is first mentioned in 981, when Vladimir the Great took it during his expansion campaign to the west.[3]

Boleslaus II of Bohemia ruled the country "stretching from the city of Prague to the city of Kraków".[6]

In the 970s, it is assumed that

Duchy of Poland then the Kievan Rus' conquest would have been an open call for war between the principalities with an inevitable long struggle, but such a thing did not happen according to Voitovych, possibly indicating in Voitovych's view that the lands and its population weren't Polish, but an independent political-tribal union with some vassalage to Bohemia.[10][11] In the following decades, the contested region would change hands between Poland and Rus' several more times.[citation needed
]

In 1018, Poland re-took the area under

Bolesław II the Generous retook the area and the city of Przemyśl, making it his temporary residence. Then in 1085, the region became a principality under the lordship of Rus', known as the Principality of Peremyshl.[citation needed
]

See also

References

  1. ^ (in Ukrainian) Въ лЂто 6478 [970] - 6494 [986]. Лаврентіївський літопис
  2. ^ Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (1953). The Russian Primary Chronicle. Laurentian Text (PDF). Cambridge, Mass., Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 95.
  3. ISBN 9789004162303
    .
  4. ^ Die Chronik der Böhmen des Cosmas von Prag. Berlin, 1923 (MGH SS rer. Germ. NS, 2). I, 33–34. Page 60.
  5. ^ The entire vicinity of Krakow was to be administered from Prague: "...ad orientem hos fluvios habet terminos: Bug scilicet et Ztir cum Cracouua civitate provintiaque cui Uuag nomen est cum omnibus regionibus ad predictam urbem pertinentibus, que Cracouua est".
  6. ^ Relacja Ibrahima Ibn Ja'kuba z podróży do krajów słowiańskich w przekazie Al-Bekriego. Kraków, 1946 (MPH NS. 1). Page 50.
  7. ^ Назаренко, А. В. (2017). "ЛЕНДЗЯ́НЕ". Great Russian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  8. ^ Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (1953). The Russian Primary Chronicle. Laurentian Text (PDF). Cambridge, Mass., Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 231.
  9. ^ Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (1953). The Russian Primary Chronicle. Laurentian Text (PDF). Cambridge, Mass., Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 95.
  10. ^ Leontii Voitovych, "The Lendians: new variations on ancient motives", Proc. Inst. Archaeol. Lviv. Univ, Vol. 10, 2015, pages 126–137
  11. ^ Kuchynko Mykhailo, "Croats in Manuscripts: Problem of Ethno-tribal Belonging and Political Dependence (Historical Aspects)", РОЗДІЛ ІІІ. Історіографія. Джерелознавство. Архівознавство. Памʼяткознавство. Етнологія. 7, 2015, pages 142–143
  12. ^ A. Buko. "The archaeology of early medieval Poland". Brill. 2008. p. 307
  13. ^ Paszkiewicz. The making of the Russian nation, 1977 p. 104
  14. ^ In Slavic loanwords ja was replaced with æ, e.g., læsir = Ljach, plural Ljasi, meaning 'Poles', [in:] s. Axel Olrik i Festskrift til Vilh. Thomsen, 126 f.; [in:] trans. Arkiv för nordisk filologi: t. 19-20. page 280
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