Church Stretton
Church Stretton
| |
---|---|
Church Stretton viewed from the Ragleth | |
Location within Shropshire | |
Population | 4,671 |
OS grid reference | SO453937 |
• London | 158 miles (254 km) |
Civil parish |
|
Unitary authority | |
Ceremonial county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | CHURCH STRETTON |
Postcode district | SY6 |
Dialling code | 01694 |
Police | West Mercia |
Fire | Shropshire |
Ambulance | West Midlands |
UK Parliament | |
Website | churchstretton.co.uk |
Church Stretton is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England, 13 miles (21 km) south of Shrewsbury and 15 miles (24 km) north of Ludlow. The population in 2011 was 4,671.[1]
The town was nicknamed Little Switzerland in the late Victorian and Edwardian period for its landscape, and became a health resort.[2] The local geology includes some of the oldest rocks in England and a notable fault is named after the town.[3]
Church Stretton is in the
History
People have lived in the Stretton Gap (or Dale) for thousands of years; an
The settlements of Little Stretton, Church Stretton and All Stretton (until the late 19th century regarded as separate townships) formed the manor of Stretton or Stretton-en-le-Dale.[6] The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded 35 households and a mill in the manor.[7] Church Stretton became the largest of the settlements, with the manor's parish church and market located there, and being where Bristol Road had a junction with the road to Much Wenlock and the Burway – a route over the Long Mynd. At the time of the Domesday Book, the manor came under the hundred of Culvestan, a Saxon hundred that was amalgamated during the reign of Henry I — the Strettons then came within the upper division of the hundred of Munslow.[8]
The town was first granted a
The High Street was for many centuries known instead as the Bristol Road, being the road from Shrewsbury to Bristol. It was once a much wider street within the town, with the churchyard of St Laurence bordering directly onto the street. Over time buildings were erected on the street, in a similar fashion to other English market towns, such as in Ludlow. The High Street, which is a narrow street, is effectively only the eastern side of the original Bristol Road thoroughfare through the town. It was made more open when the old market hall was demolished to form the present town square.[11]
18th century
Carding Mill Valley
Historically the town was known for its textiles, using the abundant local
The carding mill closed and was demolished at the beginning of the twentieth century, though the adjacent factory building remains in the valley today.[
Cars may drive as far as the car park situated about a mile up the valley. This car park was at one time an open-air swimming pool. A sign indicating water depth still stands in its original position.
Victorian and Edwardian times
Church Stretton was nicknamed "Little Switzerland" in late-Victorian and Edwardian times, because of its surroundings and the way many houses hug the hillside.[2]
Church Stretton railway station opened on 20 April 1852 as part of the newly created Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway. It was originally to the north of (what is now known as) Sandford Avenue and the old station building still remains, but is no longer in railway use. Sandford Avenue had been for centuries called Lake Lane and became Station Road with the arrival of the railway in the town, before becoming Sandford Avenue in 1884.[11]
In 1914 the railway station was moved just to the south of the Sandford Avenue road bridge, where it continues to the present day. New railway station buildings were built, but these were demolished in 1970, the station having become unstaffed in 1967.[11]
Local property developer
Longmynd Hotel
The Longmynd Hotel on Cunnery Road opened in 1901, originally as "The Hydropathic Hotel" (or "the Hydro"),[13] at a time when the town was popular as a spa. Today it continues as a hotel and has a number of features and activities in its woodland grounds;[14] it is also a wedding and conference venue.[citation needed] In 2012 it was sold by the local Chapman family (who ran it since 1977) to 'HF Holidays', a national company.[15] It is no longer a hotel but a hostel and used exclusively by HF members.
Mid-twentieth century
During and just after the
Late 20th century
A small market hall stood on the High Street but was demolished in July 1963 and the site has become a town square, and is still used to hold markets on. The first market hall – a timber-framed construction – was built in 1617; this was replaced by the second market hall (called the Town Hall) in 1839, which was a stone and red-brick construction.[22] Today the Silvester Horne Institute (extended and refurbished in 2011)[23] is the town's main meeting place for societies, polling, public meetings and exhibitions. Additionally there is the Mayfair Community Centre on Easthope Road and the St Laurence's Parish Hall on Church Street.
In recent years volunteer members of the Community Group have transformed Church Stretton into the Town of Flags: thanks to local grants they have purchased over 120 flags – English,
Conservation
Most of the town centre and large parts of the town both to the east and to the west of the A49, including Carding Mill Valley, is covered by the Church Stretton
Population
At the
|
|
|
The population remained steady between 1841 and 1901, but then boomed in the first two decades of the 20th century as the town became a desirable rural retreat. Another spate of growth occurred in the period 1931–1951. Since then there has been unremarkable growth, with some expansion in the 1970s and '80s and more recently in the 2000s.
Geography
Church Stretton is located approximately 13 miles (21 km) south of Shropshire's county town, Shrewsbury.[27] The town is dominated by the surrounding hills, including the huge Long Mynd massif to the west, and Caer Caradoc and the adjacent hills (Hazler, Ragleth, et al.) to the east.
Church Stretton effectively lies at a saddle point – the railway station lies roughly at this position, which is at 614 feet (187 m) above sea level. The High Street through the town centre runs at an elevation of 636 feet.[27] Because of its position at a saddle point, water drains away from the town in two directions – towards the north (to the Cound and then the Severn) and towards the south (to the Onny and then the Teme) – roughly Sandford Avenue in the town centre forms the watershed.
Localities
The historic core of the town lies around the parish church and along the High Street. With the building of the railway line and station in 1852, the town began to grow towards the new station, along what is today Sandford Avenue. Since the first half of the 20th century the two main streets of the town centre are the High Street and Sandford Avenue. In the later decades of the 20th century a number of shops on the southern end of High Street changed use to restaurants or purely residential, as Sandford Avenue became the pre-eminent shopping street.[28] The B5477 takes the name Shrewsbury Road north from the town centre, High Street within the town centre, and Ludlow Road south of there.
Cunnery is a hillside and collection of houses to the west of the town centre and includes the Long Mynd Hotel. World's End is where the Ludlow Road curves round the foot of the hillside to the south of the Long Mynd Hotel. To the north of the town centre is an area called Ashbrook; here the Carding Mill Valley meets the town, with the stream (known as the Ashbrook as it runs through the town) running between the town's two main recreation fields (named Russell's Meadow and Richard Robinson Field). Two other notable areas of public parkland are Rectory Field & Wood, situated to the west of the town centre off Church Street, and the town's formal park between the A49 and the railway line, which is managed by the town council and includes tennis courts and a bowling green.
On the eastern side of the A49 road are three named areas: Battle Field, Snatchfield and Hazler. On Hazler Hill is a
All Stretton and Little Stretton
The villages of All Stretton and Little Stretton remain separate settlements to Church Stretton. The B5477 connects the three settlements, with Church Stretton roughly midway between – All Stretton is 1.0 mile (1.6 km) north of the centre of Church Stretton, whilst Little Stretton is 1.3 miles (2.1 km) south.[27] Although there is some ribbon development along the B5477, the three settlements are not joined, although the gap between the nearest buildings of All Stretton and Church Stretton is a mere 170 metres (560 ft)[27] and the road signs (on the B5477) welcoming people into those two settlements lie back-to-back. The B5477 continues as Shrewsbury Road as it passes through All Stretton and likewise continues as Ludlow Road as it passes through Little Stretton. The three settlements are sometimes known collectively as "the Strettons", a name also given to the wider area including the surrounding hills.
Governance
Parish and town council
The town is located within the
Sometimes the parish is referred to as "Church Stretton and Little Stretton";[32] the present-day parish was formed by the addition of the former Little Stretton parish and part of All Stretton parish (the remainder still exists as a separate parish). This is effectively a return to the situation before 1899, when the old civil parish of Church Stretton was split into three, though the modern parish does not include that part of All Stretton parish that was not transferred in 1934.[6]
The Town Council have their offices at 60 High Street and hold their meetings at the nearby Silvester Horne Institute, also on High Street.[33]
Mayors
Below is a complete list of mayors of Church Stretton. Formally the mayor of a town council is a Town Mayor. One of the town councillors is elected by the council (at the 'Annual Meeting' in May) as jointly chairman and Town Mayor. Although Church Stretton's parish council became a town council in 2002, the title of Town Mayor was not bestowed upon the chairman until 2004.[34]
Term | Chairman and Town Mayor | Ward | Note |
---|---|---|---|
2003–2006 | Leslie McIntyre | All Stretton | The first Town Mayor, from 2004 |
2006–2007 | Beryl Smith | Church Stretton South | |
2007–2012 | Bob Welch | Church Stretton North | |
2012–2013 | Tom Beaumont | Church Stretton North | |
2013–2015 | Michael Braid | Church Stretton North | |
2015– | Michael Walker | Little Stretton |
Local government
Church Stretton was an
Church Stretton is part of the Shropshire Council
Member of Parliament
On a national level, Church Stretton is located within the
Geology
The local geology is complex; the area lies astride the Church Stretton
Transport
Roads
The
The B5477 had been the northern section of the B4370, which was renumbered in 2004; this renumbering to B5477 is anomalous in two ways: the number does not comply with the Great Britain road numbering scheme (it is out-of-zone) and was already (and remains) in use in Wallasey.
The Burway
The Burway is an ancient route which leads up from the town to the plateau on the Long Mynd. It is Shropshire's highest public road, reaching 492 metres (1,614 ft) above sea level and passing close to the highest point of the Long Mynd, called Pole Bank (516 m).[27] Running along the plateau of the Long Mynd is another ancient route called the Portway, though not all of this is open to motor traffic. The Burway is a through route, allowing traffic (though not goods vehicles, caravans or similar) to cross over the Long Mynd westwards to Ratlinghope or Asterton (the route splits into two at Boiling Well).
In winter, deep snow sometimes makes the Burway impassable. In 2015, snow gates were installed at various points of access onto the Long Mynd to deter motorists from using the routes in wintry conditions.[41][42] The gliding club at the southern end of the Long Mynd can be accessed via the Burway from either Asterton or Church Stretton. The part of the road within the town is called Burway Road and begins at the crossroads in the town centre, where the B5477 and B4371 meet.
Railway
The
The railway was built originally as the
Buses
The town is served by the 435 bus route, which runs between Shrewsbury and Ludlow; it is operated by Minsterley Motors Monday-Saturday.[44] This connects the town with All Stretton, Dorrington and Condover towards Shrewsbury, and Little Stretton, Craven Arms and Bromfield towards Ludlow.
In addition, there are two Shropshire Hills Shuttles services that operate at weekends and on
All bus services call at Beaumont Road in the town centre. The Shuttles services also both call at Carding Mill Valley.
Cycling
Economy
The
The town benefits from tourism, which is a growth industry in the area, as well as attracting local trade. A recent survey showed that the town has some 50 retail outlets, 44 of which are independently owned, with a diverse range of shop types.
The town continues to benefit from its reputation as a spa town, and a desirable place to live, especially in retirement. House prices are above the county average and have seen similar increases in recent times to other spa towns in the UK.[52]
The
Culture and sport
The novelist
Church Stretton is a major centre for the sport of archery,[55] and there is also a gliding air field and station atop the Long Mynd, owned by the Midland Gliding Club. As well as gliding, the activities of paragliding, hang gliding and similar aerial pursuits take place from the Long Mynd. Church Stretton became a Walkers Are Welcome town in 2009, the first in the West Midlands, and its many well-maintained footpaths over the Long Mynd and the Stretton Hills help make it a major walking centre for Shropshire. In the town itself, sports facilities are provided adjacent to the schools, just off Shrewsbury Road, which include a swimming pool and a recently opened 4 court sports & leisure centre,
Summer festival
In recent times, on a June Saturday the town holds a summer festival ("Summerfest"), organised by volunteers and the town's
Churches
The town has four churches. In the centre of the town is the historic
The other three churches in the town are: the
Golf course
There is an 18-hole
The town's golf course is the oldest 18-hole course in Shropshire, with the club starting in 1898 and the final holes being completed around 1904. The course was primarily designed by John (Jack) Morris and James Hepburn. James Braid and Harry Vardon later made changes to the course.[62]
Open Champions James Braid, Harry Vardon and J. H. Taylor (together referred to as the Great Triumvirate) all played at the course many times, albeit at different times, during the pre-World War I years of the club's existence.[62]
Football
Church Stretton Town F.C. (usually called simply "Stretton")[63] is a football team who currently play in the West Midlands Regional League Division 2.[64] Home games are played at Russell's Meadow, located near the centre of the town off Lutwyche Road (grid reference SO455939). The home kit is black and white (thick) vertical stripes.
There has been a football field at Russell's Meadow since the 1930s, though the pavilion moved (c. 1950s) from the other side of the Ashbrook to its present location near Lutwyche Road.[36] There is a community project on-going to raise funds and then build a new pavilion at Russell's Meadow.[65] In 2011 funding was secured from Sport England to improve the five existing football pitches and create two new training pitches, on both Russell's Meadow and neighbouring Robinson's Field.[66] Russell's Meadow is also home to a separate football club for under-16s – the Church Stretton Magpies[67] — and to Sunday league football. The home colours of both the Town and Magpies teams is black and white.
Cricket
During the summer, Russell's Meadow and its pavilion are used to play cricket. Church Stretton Cricket Club have a Saturday First XI playing in the Shropshire County Cricket League Division Five and a Friendly XI that play on Sundays against Shropshire teams and touring sides.[68]
Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central. Television signals are received from the Wrekin TV transmitter and one of the two relay transmitters (Hazler Hill [69] and Whittingslow). [70]
Local radio stations are
The town is served by the local newspaper, Shropshire Star. [71]
Public services
Education
Church Stretton has two state-funded schools: Church Stretton School, a secondary school with 750 pupils[72] and a primary school (named "St Lawrence") with 210 pupils.[73] The two schools neighbour one other and are situated just off Shrewsbury Road, on the northern edge of Church Stretton. The Council also operates a public library, on Church Street, situated in former, Victorian school buildings, which is also the town's tourist information centre and information point for Shropshire Council services.[74]
Emergency services
At the junction of Sandford Avenue and Essex Road, in the centre of the town, is a police station (West Mercia Police) staffed Monday-Friday[75] and a fire station (Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service) with two engines and staffed by retained firefighters.[76] The present fire station was built in the early 1970s – it was previously on Beaumont Road, where Beaumont Court now is – whilst the police station was built in the 1990s – it was on Shrewsbury Road where Longmynd Place now is.[36]
Health
There is a doctors' surgery and medical clinic on Easthope Road.[77] The nearest ambulance station is in Shrewsbury (following the closure of the Craven Arms Community Ambulance Station in 2021[78]) and the nearest major hospital is the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital.
Public conveniences
The town council operate the two public toilets in the town, on Lutwyche Road and on Easthope Road.[79]
Notable people
Sir
John Mainwaring (1724-1807 in Church Stretton), theologian and first biographer of Handel, was Rector of Church Stretton from 1749.
Hesba Stretton came to Church Stretton often before moving away from Shropshire, becoming an established author. There is a plaque to her memory in St. Laurence's Church together with a window depicting the figure of "Jessica" from her immensely popular story Jessica's First Prayer.[54] A sister owned a house, Caradoc Lodge in neighbouring All Stretton, the latter village (within Church Stretton parish) said to be the source of her pen-surname.[80]
Although he did not live there, artist Sir Frederic Leighton took his peerage title of Baron Leighton of Stretton in the County of Salop, created the day before his death in 1896, from this place. There is a window to his memory in St Laurence's Church.
Tristram Speedy, explorer and adventurer, died on 9 August 1910 at Chatsworth, Church Stretton. [81]
The 'White House'
Residents of the town did include
Two Archdeacons of Ludlow were also resident Rectors of Church Stretton, Henry Dixon in 1923-36 and Herbert Whately from 1937 to his death in 1947. George Nickson, former Bishop of Bristol died in retirement at Church Stretton in 1949.[84] William Alonzo Parker, former Anglican Bishop of Shrewsbury, lived in retirement at Church Stretton before his death in 1982.[85]
Archaeologist Lily Chitty died at the Hillside Rest Home in Church Stretton in 1979.[86]
Former Jaguar chief test driver (and brand ambassador) Norman Dewis lived in the town after his retirement in 1986.[88]
Stuntman Justin Pearson was born and raised in the town and educated at Church Stretton School, leaving in 1988 to attend Ludlow College.[89]
See also
References
- ^ a b c National Statistics Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Church Stretton 2011 population area and density
- ^ a b "Church Stretton: Walkers are Welcome in Church Stretton". Shropshire Tourism. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008.
- ^ a b c "Official Town site". Archived from the original on 6 January 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
- ^ "Caer Caradoc (Church Stretton) – Hillfort". The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map. 12 November 2004.
- ISBN 9780199609086.
- ^ a b c Baggs, A P; Baugh, G C; Cox, D C; McFall, Jessie; Stamper, P A (1998). "Church Stretton". In Baugh, G C (ed.). A History of the County of Shropshire: Volume 10, Munslow Hundred (Part), the Liberty and Borough of Wenlock. London. pp. 72–120 – via British History Online.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Open Domesday Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine Place: (Church) Stretton
- ^ "Shropshire Hundreds (taken from Gregory's 1824 Gazetteer): THE HUNDRED OF MUNSLOW". GENUKI: UK & Ireland Genealogy.
- ^ ISBN 978-0956801807.
- ^ a b Samuels, Barry. "Church Stretton area, Shropshire". BeenThere-DoneThat.
- ^ a b c Crowe and Raynor (2011) Church Stretton through the ages
- ^ Crowe and Raynor (2011) Church Stretton through the ages p 149
- ^ Crowe and Raynor (2011) Church Stretton through the ages p 110
- ^ "Shropshire Hills: Longmynd House". HF Holidays. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ "Longmynd Hotel sold in multi-million deal". Shropshire Star. 3 February 2012. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
- ^ "Timeline". Blind Veterans UK. Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ Crowe, Raynour, Tony, Barrie (2011). Church Stretton through the ages. Greengates, Church Stretton. p. 190.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Shropshire's War (publication by Shropshire Archives) p 32
- ^ Shropshire's War (publication by Shropshire Archives) p 13
- ^ [1] CWGC Cemetery Record, Church Stretton Urban District.
- ^ [2] CWGC Casualty record.
- ^ Crowe and Raynor (2011) Church Stretton through the ages pages 52–54
- ^ Shropshire Council Silvester Horne Institute relaunch (2 November 2011)
- ^ Shropshire Council Church Stretton Conservation Area: map
- ^ British Listed Buildings Church Stretton parish: map
- ^ Crowe and Raynor (2011) Church Stretton through the ages p 196
- ^ a b c d e f Ordnance Survey mapping
- ^ Crowe and Raynor (2011) Church Stretton through the ages p 77
- ^ "Church Stretton Town Council". Church Stretton Directory. Archived from the original on 18 May 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ "Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1420". Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 4 July 2008.
- ^ a b Church Stretton Town Council Archived 12 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine History of Church Stretton
- ^ Shropshire Council Council tax (parish precepts) 2010/11
- ^ Town Council Archived 18 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine – meetings
- ^ Stretton Focus Archive
- ^ "Church Stretton Ancient Parish / Civil Parish". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ a b c Ordnance Survey historic maps
- ^ "The Shropshire (Structural Change) Order 2008", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 2008/492, retrieved 7 March 2024
- ^ "Ward population 2011". Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ Shropshire Council Church Stretton and Craven Arms election result (2009)
- ^ "Local Area". Up My Street. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
- ^ BBC News Long Mynd snow gates are working (3 February 2015)
- ^ Evesham Journal "Regional: Snow gates installed at the Long Mynd" (23 January 2015)
- ^ "Ride the Marches line with Arriva Trains Wales". Arriva Trains Wales. Archived from the original on 24 June 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2008.
- ^ Minsterley Motors Archived 18 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine 435 timetable
- ^ Shropshire Hills AONB Archived 3 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Shuttle bus service
- ^ "Church Stretton Cycle Rides". Shropshire's Great Outdoords. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ Geograph Stretton Hills Mineral Water Company
- ^ "Food Agency". Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
- ^ "Agilent". Retrieved 20 November 2010.
- ^ Church Stretton Town Council Archived 15 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine Church Stretton – voted a home town (April 2011)
- ^ Church Stretton Town Council Archived 19 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Church Stretton – A Fairtrade Town! (June 2011)
- ^ Shropshire Star Spa towns tap in as house prices double (3 March 2012)
- ^ "2001 Census Profile". Shropshire County Council. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
- ^ a b c "County Council". Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
- ^ "Shrewsbury Council". Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
- ^ Teme Leisure Archived 8 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Church Stretton
- ^ Church Stretton Town Council Archived 4 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine – Town Park
- ^ Church Stretton Chamber of Trade Archived 13 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine — Events
- ^ Parish of Church Stretton
- ^ Church Stretton town website Archived 4 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine – Churches and services
- ^ Church Stretton Golf Club The Course
- ^ a b Church Stretton Golf Club Archived 5 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine History
- ^ Ludlow Advertiser 21 January 2012
- The FA) The Mercian Regional Football League
- ^ Church Stretton Pavilion[permanent dead link]
- ^ Sports Solutions GB[permanent dead link] Press release 31 October 2011
- ^ "Church Stretton Magpies". Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
- ^ Church Stretton Cricket Club
- ^ "Freeview Light on the Hazler Hill (Shropshire, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ "Freeview Light on the Whittingslow (Shropshire, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ "Shropshire Star". Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ "Church Stretton School". Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ^ "St Lawrence School". Retrieved 24 April 2011.
- ^ Shropshire Council – Church Stretton library
- ^ West Mercia Police Archived 9 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine Shropshire Police Stations
- ^ Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service Archived 15 October 2011 at the UK Government Web Archive Church Stretton
- ^ Church Stretton Medical Practice
- ^ Trigg, Keri (3 September 2021). "Two 'rarely used' ambulance stations in Shropshire to close". www.shropshirestar.com. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ Church Stretton Town Council Budget report 2012/3
- ^ Dickins, Gordon (1987). An Illustrated Literary Guide to Shropshire. Shropshire Libraries. pp. 71, 87.
- ^ "Tristram Charles Sawyer Speedy (also known as Captain Speedy; November 1836 – 9 August 1910) was a well-known English explorer and adventurer during the Victorian era". Ancestry.com. England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations). 10 September 1910. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
Chatsworth, Church Streeton, Shropshire. Death 9 August 1910
- ISBN 1-899468-78-1.
- ^ "BBC Sport". BBC News. 17 August 2004. Retrieved 20 November 2007.
- ^ "Nickson, George (NK884G)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ "Parker, William Alonzo". Who's Who. A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57046. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". NASA. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
- ^ "Norman's Jag to fetch £11 million". 12 January 2018.
- ^ "Rolling With The Punches by Justin Pearson".
Footnotes
- ^ King's Arms (High St), Buck's Head (High St), Housmans (High St), Old Coopers Malt House (Shrewsbury Rd)
Further reading
- My Story of St Dunstan's (1961) by Lord Fraser of Lonsdale