Polymer science
Polymer science |
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Polymer science or macromolecular science is a subfield of materials science concerned with polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers. The field of polymer science includes researchers in multiple disciplines including chemistry, physics, and engineering.
Subdisciplines
This science comprises three main sub-disciplines:
- macromolecular chemistryis concerned with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers.
- statistical physics to chain structures,[1]polymer physics has now evolved into a discipline in its own right.
- Polymer characterization is concerned with the analysis of chemical structure, morphology, and the determination of physical properties in relation to compositional and structural parameters.
History of polymer science
The first modern example of polymer science is
Despite significant advances in polymer synthesis, the molecular nature of polymers was not understood until the work of
The World War II era marked the emergence of a strong commercial polymer industry. The limited or restricted supply of natural materials such as
The growth in industrial applications was mirrored by the establishment of strong academic programs and research institutes. In 1946,
2005 (Chemistry)
2002 (Chemistry)
2000 (Chemistry)
1991 (Physics) Pierre-Gilles de Gennes for developing a generalized theory of phase transitions with particular applications to describing ordering and phase transitions in polymers.[12]
1974 (Chemistry)
1963 (Chemistry)
1953 (Chemistry) Hermann Staudinger for contributions to the understanding of macromolecular chemistry.[15]
References
- ^ McLeish (2009) p. 6811.
- ^ "Types of Polymer". Plastics Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2009-04-02.
- ^ "Bakelite: The World's First Synthetic Plastic". National Historic Chemical Landmarks. American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
- ^ "Hermann Staudinger: Foundation of Polymer Science". National Historic Chemical Landmarks. American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
- ^ "Foundation of Polymer Science: Wallace Carothers and the Development of Nylon". National Historic Chemical Landmarks. American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
- ^ "U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program". National Historic Chemical Landmarks. American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
- ^ "Herman Mark and the Polymer Research Institute". National Historic Chemical Landmarks. American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
- ^ Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr., (1984), Third Edition, Textbook of Polymer Science, A Wiley-Interscience Publication. preface to the second edition
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
- Asua, José M. (August 2007). Polymer Reaction Engineering (Hardcover - 392 pages). Wiley, John & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-4442-1.