County corporate
A county corporate or corporate county was a type of subnational division used for local government in England, Wales, and Ireland.
Counties corporate were created during the Middle Ages, and were effectively small self-governing county-empowered entities such as towns or cities which were deemed to be important enough to be independent from their counties. A county corporate could also be known as a county of itself, similar to an independent city or consolidated city-county in other countries.
While they were administratively distinct counties, with their own sheriffs and
History
By the 14th century, the growth of some towns had led to strong opposition to their government by local
In the late 19th century the status of counties corporate changed. By the
In
Ireland
In Ireland, eight counties corporate were extant by 1610. Each had its own
List of counties corporate
The counties corporate (listed with date of creation where known) were:[8]
England
- County of the Borough and Town of county borough constituency)
- County of the Town of Bristol (1373, city since 1542)[a]
- County of the City of Canterbury (1471)
- County of the Town of Chester (1238/1239, city since 1541)
- County of the City of Coventry (1451, abolished 1842)
- County of the City of Exeter (1537)
- County of the Town of Gloucester (1483, city since 1541)
- Kingston upon Hull, County of Hullshire (1440, restricted to County of the Town of Kingston upon Hull 1835, city since 1897)
- County of the City of Lichfield (1556)
- County of the City of Lincoln(1409)
- City of London (1132)[b]
- County of the Town of Newcastle upon Tyne (1400, city since 1882)[9]
- County of the City of Norwich (1404)[10]
- County of the Town of Nottingham (1448, city since 1897)
- County of the Town of Poole (1568)
- County of the Town of Southampton (1447, city since 1964)
- County of the City of Worcester (1622)[11]
- County of the City of York (1396)[12]
- ^ The City of Bristol regained its separate shrievalty and lieutenancy in 1996.
- lieutenancy.
Wales
- County of the Town of Carmarthen (1604)
- County of the Town of Haverfordwest (1479)
Ireland
- County of the Town of Gaelic Resurgence, Norman control was confined to the environs of the town. The town's 1569 charter formally linked its corporation to the eponymous county.[13]
- County of the City of Cork (1608[14])
- County of the Town of Drogheda (1412[15])
- County of the City of Dublin (1548[16])
- County of the Town of Galway (1610[17])
- County of the City of Kilkenny (1610[18])
- County of the City of Limerick (1609[19])
- County of the City of Waterford (1574[20])
- City and county of Derry (1604–13). The 1604 charter incorporated the city and liberties as the "city and county of Derry".[21] The 1836 report of the commissioners on municipal corporations in Ireland said "the charter does not appear ... to have been further acted upon";[21] however, in 1609, the commissioners who planned for the Plantation of Ulster held assizes in the "ruined city of Derry", separate from those of County Donegal to the west and County Coleraine to the east, and John Davies called it "this little county".[22] The 1613 charter renamed the city Londonderry and merged it and County Coleraine into the new "County Londonderry", sometimes called "the City and County of Londonderry".[21]
See also
References
- ^ Militia Act 1882. Law Journal Reports. 6 October 1882. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
- ^ 3 Geo.3 c.34 (Ir) s.88
- ^ Courthouses and Gaols Act 1788 (28 Geo.3 c.38 (Ir.))
- ^ 47 Geo. 3 Sess. 1 c. 43 and County Infirmaries (Ireland) Act 1807 (47 Geo. 3 Sess. 2 c. 50)
- ^ Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c.108); Counties and Boroughs (Ireland) Act 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c.109); Dublin Baronies Act 1842 (5 & 6 Vict. c.82)
- ^ House of Commons Select Committee on Grand Jury Presentments of Ireland (1842). Report, minutes of evidence and appendix. Command papers. Vol. 42 Sub-vol.1 No.386. HMSO. p. xliv.[permanent dead link]
- ^ A Handbook of Local Government in Ireland (1899) p.51
- ^ F. A. Youngs, Guide to Local Administrative Units of England, 2 volumes, London, 1979 and 1991
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 472–474.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 819–820.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 821–822.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 927–929.
- ^ Commissioners On Municipal Corporations In Ireland, Great Britain (1835). "Town of Carrickfergus". Appendix I (South-Eastern and part of the North-Eastern Circuit). Reports from Commissioners. Vol. 8: Municipal Corporations (Ireland). p. 743.; Robinson, Philip. "Carrickfergus" (PDF). Irish Historic Towns Atlas Online. Royal Irish Academy. pp. 2, 3, 9. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
- ^ "Charters". Cork City Council. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
- ^ Johnston, L. C. (1826). History of Drogheda: from the earliest period to the present time. Drogheda. p. 37.
- ^ Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Commissioners (1835). "II: Charters; 21: Edward VI". Appendix to the Report of the Commissioners: Report on the City of Dublin; Part I. House of Lords Sessional Papers. Vol. 9, Pt 1. London: HMSO. p. 5.
- ^ Hardiman, James (1820). The history of the town and county of the town of Galway. Dublin. p. 99.
- ^ House Of Commons, Great Britain. Parliament (1835). "Kilkenny, County of the City of". Appendix I (South-Eastern and part of the North-Eastern Circuit). Reports from Commissioners. Vol. 8: Municipal Corporations (Ireland). p. 535.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Patrick; John James McGregor (1827). "Political and Military History". The history, topography and antiquities, of the county and city of Limerick: with a preliminary view of the history and antiquities of Ireland. Vol. II. Limerick: George McKern. p. 221.
- ^ Smith, Charles (1774). "Natural and Civil History". The ancient and present state of the county and city of Waterford (2nd ed.). Dublin. p. 134.
- ^ a b c Commissioners appointed to inquire into the municipal corporations in Ireland (1836). "Londonderry". Appendix: Part III: Conclusion of the North-Western Circuit. Command papers. Vol. XXIV. HMSO. p. 1117, §§9,10. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- S2CID 241980327.