Poole
Poole | ||
---|---|---|
Quayside | ||
Motto: "Ad Morem Villae De Poole" "According to the custom of the Town of Poole" | ||
Coordinates: 50°43′N 1°59′W / 50.717°N 1.983°W | ||
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Constituent country | England | |
Region | South West England | |
Ceremonial county | Dorset | |
Historic county | Dorset | |
Unitary authority | Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole | |
Government | ||
• Type | Charter trustee | |
• Body | Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council | |
• MPs: | Conor Burns (C) OS grid reference SZ009906 | |
Ethnicity 2011 Census[1] | 91.9% White British 3.3% Other White 1.0% South Asian 0.3% Black 3.5% Other | |
Website | poole |
Poole (/puːl/ ⓘ) is a coastal town and seaport on the south coast of England in the Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole unitary authority area in Dorset, England. The town is 21 miles (34 km) east of Dorchester and adjoins Bournemouth to the east. Since 1 April 2019, the local authority is Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council. The town had an estimated population of 151,500 (mid-2016 census estimates) making it the second-largest town in the ceremonial county of Dorset. Together with Bournemouth and Christchurch, the conurbation has a total population of nearly 400,000.
The settlement dates back to before the
Poole is a tourist resort, attracting visitors with its large
The headquarters of the
History
The area around modern Poole has been inhabited for at least the past 2,500 years, with nearby Christchurch Harbour evidencing human activity dating back to the Neolithic period at Hengistbury Head. During the 3rd century BC, Celtic-speaking people known as the Durotriges moved from hilltop settlements at Maiden Castle and Badbury Rings to heathland around the River Frome and Poole Harbour.[2] The Romans landed at Poole during their conquest of Britain in the 1st century and took over an Iron Age settlement at Hamworthy, an area just west of the modern town centre.[3]
The town's name may have originated around the post-Roman or Anglo-Saxon periods, and seems to have originally applied to the harbour. It is derived from the late
By the middle to late
Following the
Poole established successful commerce with the
The town grew rapidly during the
During
Governance
Council
On 1 April 1997, the town was made a
On 1 April 2019, the borough being combined with Bournemouth and Christchurch to form the Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole unitary authority, with the first elections taking place in 2019. Whilst the Conservatives were the largest party, the council remained under no overall control, with a Unity Alliance Administration being formed of other parties. Poole's Sheriff, a position created by the town's charter of 1568 and just one of 16 Sheriffs in England and Wales, is Julie Bagwell.[30][31]
Parliamentary representation
UK Parliament
Poole is represented by three parliamentary
European Parliament
Between 1979 and 2020, Poole was represented in the European Parliament.
From 1979 to 1984, Poole was part of the Single-member district of Wessex and was represented by Conservative Member of the European Parliament James Spicer.
From 1984 to 1994, Poole was part of the Dorset East and Hampshire West constituency and from 1994 to 1999, Poole was part of the Dorset and East Devon constituency represented by Conservative Bryan Cassidy.
Poole was included in the South West England constituency for elections to the European Parliament from 1999 to 2020.[36]
Coat of arms
The design of the
The arms were confirmed by the
Geography
Poole is a complex shore of the English Channel; it lies on the northern and eastern edges of Poole Harbour, 97 miles (156 km) west-southwest of London.[39] The oldest part of the town (including the historic Old Town, Poole Quay and the Dolphin Shopping Centre) lies to the south-east of Holes Bay on a peninsula jutting into the harbour, although much of the land to the east of the peninsula has been reclaimed from the harbour since the mid-20th century. To the west is Upton and Corfe Mullen and across the northern border at the River Stour lies Wimborne Minster. At the eastern edge of Poole, the town abuts Bournemouth and the settlements of Kinson, Winton and Westbourne. To the south of Poole along the coast lies Poole Bay, which has 3 miles (4.8 km) of sandy beaches from Sandbanks in the west to Bournemouth in the east.
Urban areas and districts of the town
Poole is made up of numerous suburbs and neighbourhoods, many of which developed from villages or hamlets that were absorbed into Poole as the town grew.
The natural environment of Poole is characterised by lowland
The harbour is the largest
Situated directly to the east of the
Climate
Due to its location on the south coast of England, Poole has a
Climate data for Poole, Dorset, England | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8 (46) |
8 (46) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
17 (63) |
19 (66) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
19 (66) |
15 (59) |
11 (52) |
9 (48) |
14.5 (58.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2 (36) |
2 (36) |
3 (37) |
4 (39) |
7 (45) |
10 (50) |
12 (54) |
12 (54) |
10 (50) |
7 (45) |
4 (39) |
3 (37) |
6.3 (43.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 62.9 (2.48) |
50.3 (1.98) |
40.7 (1.60) |
45.5 (1.79) |
29.2 (1.15) |
35.6 (1.40) |
31.8 (1.25) |
35.5 (1.40) |
51.5 (2.03) |
73.5 (2.89) |
69.0 (2.72) |
67.2 (2.65) |
592.6 (23.33) |
Source: MSN[52] |
Green belt
Poole lies at the centre of a green belt region that extends into the wider surrounding counties. It is in place to reduce urban sprawl, prevent the towns in the South East Dorset conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.[55]
Poole has areas of green belt to the north and west of the district, mostly on the fringes of the shared border with the Purbeck and East Dorset districts. These cover landscape features and greenfield facilities including the rivers Stour and
The small communities at Merley, Canford Magna, Oakley and Oakley Hill are separated from the main urban area, and while inset, are not covered by green belt. However, the isolated hamlets of Knighton, Merley Hall and Ashington are 'washed over', and development is limited in these locations.[55] A specific function of the restrictions is to prevent further urban encroachment towards Wimborne Minster, to help maintain its historic character and surroundings.[55]
Demography
Religion | %[56] |
---|---|
Buddhist | 0.16 |
Christian | 74.34 |
Hindu | 0.15 |
Jewish
|
0.32 |
Muslim
|
0.41 |
No religion | 16.23 |
Other
|
0.32 |
Sikh | 0.03 |
Not stated | 8.03 |
Age | Percentage[57] |
---|---|
0–4 | 5.2 |
5–14 | 12.2 |
15–29 | 16.0 |
30–44 | 21.5 |
45–64 | 24.8 |
65+ | 20.3 |
Poole merges with several other towns to form the
The district is overwhelmingly populated by people of a White ethnic background, 95.98% of residents are of White British ethnicity, well above the rest of England at 86.99%.[56] Minority ethnic groups (including those in White ethnic groups who did not classify themselves as British) represent 4.0% of Poole's population. The largest religion in Poole is Christianity, at almost 74.34%, slightly above the United Kingdom average of 71.6%.[61] The next-largest sector is those with no religion, at almost 16.23%, also above the UK average of 15.5%.[61]
The average house price in Poole is high compared to the rest of the UK and the surrounding south-west region.[62] The average price of a property in Poole in 2008 was £274,011; detached houses were on average £374,150, semi-detached and terraced houses were cheaper at £226,465 and £217,128 respectively. An apartment or flat costs on average £216,097, more than any other part of Dorset.[62] The average house prices in Poole are boosted by those in Sandbanks which had the fourth-most expensive house prices in the world in 2000;[63] in 2007 the average house price was £488,761.[64] A study in 2006 by the National Housing Federation reported that Poole was the most unaffordable town in which to live in the UK.[65]
Population growth in Poole since 1801 | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 |
Population | 6,682 | 6,752 | 9,021 | 9,401 | 9,901 | 10,595 | 12,152 | 13,710 | 15,267 | 20,446 | 29,068 | 41,344 | 50,024 | 60,527 | 71,089 | 83,494 | 94,598 | 107,204 | 117,133 | 135,066 | 138,299 |
% change | – | +1.1 | +33.6 | +4.2 | +5.3 | +7 | +14.7 | +12.8 | +11.4 | +33.9 | +42.2 | +42.2 | +30 | +30 | +17.5 | +17.5 | +13.3 | +13.3 | +9.3 | +15.3 | +2.4 |
Source: A Vision of Britain through Time |
Economy
This section needs to be updated.(May 2020) |
Poole's employment structure[57] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Sector | Poole | Dorset | Great Britain |
Agriculture | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.9% |
Energy and Water | 1.1% | 0.6% | 0.8% |
Manufacturing | 16.8% | 13.4% | 13.4% |
Construction | 3.3% | 4.0% | 4.5% |
Services | 78.7% | 81.7% | 80.5% |
Poole's economy is more balanced than the rest of Dorset.
The service sector is the principal economy of Poole; a large number of employees work for the service economy of residents or for tourists. During the 1970s, Poole's less restrictive
Poole is served by the
Landmarks
Poole
Poole has several
Poole's sandy beaches are a popular tourist destination extending 3 miles (4.8 km) along
Religious sites
Poole falls within the
Sport and recreation
The beaches at Sandbanks are often used for sporting events such as the Sandbanks Beach Volleyball Festival, and the annual British Beach polo Championship.[103][104]
Since 1999 the town's Rossmore Leisure Centre has hosted the GMPD Poole Gymnastics Competition every October with the Holiday Inn Express hosting some of the competitors as well as previously a Disco on the Saturday evening which has since been scrapped, hundreds of competitors from across the country compete each year, the competition celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2019. Following a 2-year hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic it is hoped it will return in 2022.
Sailing
Poole Harbour is one of the largest centres for sailing in the UK with a number of yacht clubs such as the: East Dorset Sailing Club, Lilliput Sailing Club, Parkstone Yacht Club, Poole Yacht Club, Sandbanks Yacht Company and the Royal Motor Yacht Club.
Parkstone Yacht Club hosted the
Football
Poole's oldest
Speedway
Poole's motorcycle speedway team, the Poole Pirates, were established and began racing at Poole Stadium in 1948 in the National League Division Three. The team now races in the top tier of league racing (the Elite League) which they won in 2008, 2011, 2013, and 2014.[113] Poole Stadium is also a venue for greyhound racing; race nights occur three days a week throughout the year.[114]
Scouting
Poole has three of the oldest
Nature parks
Working with the Dorset Wildlife Trust, Poole Council has opened two nature parks:
- Upton Country Park. The bay is an important feeding and roosting site for wetland birds.
- Corfe Barrows Nature Park, opened in 2016, is a group of eight natural sites, including Happy Bottom Nature Reserve, that is being jointly managed for wildlife and people in the north of the borough.
Walking
Poole Tourism has developed and
Cycling
Poole has over 50 miles (80 km) of cycle network, including the Castleman Trailway, the Poole Heritage Cycle Route and the Bourne Valley Greenway.[117]
Culture
The 'Beating of the bounds' is an ancient annual custom first carried out in 1612, which revives the traditional checking of the sea boundaries awarded to Poole by the Cinque Port of Winchelsea in 1364.[118][119] The Admiral of the Port of Poole (the mayor) and other dignitaries, and members of the public sail from the mouth of the River Frome to Old Harry Rocks to confirm the mayor's authority over the water boundaries of the harbour and check for any encroachments. As there are no physical landmarks that can be beaten at sea, traditionally children from Poole were encouraged to remember the bounds of their town by taking part in the 'Pins and Points' ceremony involving the beating of a boy and pricking of a girl's hand with a needle. In modern times, the acts have been symbolically carried out.[120]
Poole's Summertime in the South is an annual programme providing various events on Poole Quay and Sandbanks from May until September. During June and July, live music, street entertainment and a large firework display take place on Poole Quay every Thursday evening. In August, the entertainment moves to the beaches at Sandbanks.[121]
Poole's
Transport
The
Most local bus services are run by
Poole has four railway stations on the
Poole is a
Education
This section needs to be updated.(May 2020) |
Poole has eleven
From the 2007
Bournemouth University was designated as a university in 1992 and despite its name, the university's main campus (the Talbot Campus) and buildings are within the boundaries of Poole Borough; a smaller campus is situated in Bournemouth itself.[143] Media courses are the university's strength, and recent teaching quality assessments have resulted in ratings of 'excellent' for courses in the areas of communication and media, business and management, catering and hospitality, archaeology and nursing and midwifery.[144][145] The Arts University Bournemouth was designated as a university in 2012 and is located at Wallisdown. It offers undergraduate, foundation degree, postgraduate and further education courses in contemporary arts, design and media.[146]
Public services
Poole Hospital is a large acute hospital in Longfleet with 638 beds [149] and is part of University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust. It opened in 1969 as Poole General Hospital, replacing Poole's Cornelia Hospital which had stood on the site since 1907.[150] The hospital is the major trauma centre for East Dorset and provides core services such as child health and maternity for a catchment area including Bournemouth and Christchurch. Specialist services such as neurological care and cancer treatment are also provided for the rest of Dorset.[151] The South Western Ambulance Service provides emergency patient transport.[152]
Media
Poole has one local newspaper, the
Notable people
The town has been the birthplace and home to notable people, of national and international acclaim. Former residents include British radio disc jockey
Notable people born in Poole include the Suede guitarist Richard Oakes,
Twin towns
Poole is
See also
- Compton Acres
- List of Dorset Beaches
- List of places in Dorset
- UK coastline
Notes
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- ^ Legg (p.31)
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{{cite web}}
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References
Bibliography
- Beamish, Derek; Hillier, John; Johnstone, H.F.V. (1949). Mansions and Merchants of Poole and Dorset. Poole Historical Trust. ISBN 0-7137-0836-0.
- Cullingford, Cecil N. (1988). A History of Poole. Phillimore & Co Ltd. ISBN 0-85033-666-X.
- Legg, Rodney (2005). The Book of Poole Harbour and Town. Halsgrove. ISBN 1-84114-411-8.
- Sydenham, John (1986) [1839]. The History of the Town and County of Poole (2nd ed.). Poole: Poole Historical Trust. ISBN 0-9504914-4-6.
External links
- Media related to Poole at Wikimedia Commons
- Poole travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Borough of Poole website
- Poole at Curlie