Crataegus laevigata
Midland hawthorn | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Rosaceae |
Genus: | Crataegus |
Section: | Crataegus sect. Crataegus |
Series: | Crataegus ser. Crataegus |
Species: | C. laevigata
|
Binomial name | |
Crataegus laevigata (
DC. | |
Synonyms[1] | |
Crataegus laevigata, known as the Midland hawthorn,[2] English hawthorn,[2] woodland hawthorn,[2] or mayflower, is a species of hawthorn native to western and central Europe, from Great Britain (where it is typically found in ancient woodland and old hedgerows[3]) and Spain east to the Czech Republic and Hungary. It is also present in North Africa. The species name is sometimes spelt C. levigata,[4] but the original orthography is C. lævigata.[5][6]
Description
It is a large
It is distinguished from the closely related common hawthorn, C. monogyna, in the leaves being only shallowly lobed, with forward-pointing lobes, and in the flowers having more than one style. Each style produces a seed, so its fruits also have more than one seed and these make them slightly oval, in contrast with the single-seeded and therefore round fruits of common hawthorn. The two species hybridise, giving rise to C. × media.
Taxonomy
In the past, Midland hawthorn was widely but incorrectly known by the name
The Midland hawthorn was described botanically as a separate species as long ago as 1798 by Poiret, whose name Mespilus laevigata referred to this hawthorn. Poiret's name is reflected in the revised formal botanical name of Midland hawthorn: Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.
Cultivars
'François Rigaud' has yellow fruit.[10]
'Paul's Scarlet'[11] (double red flowers), 'Punicea'[12] (pink and white) and 'Rosea Flore Pleno'[13] (double pink flowers) have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. These cultivars are considered by taxonomists to be derived from hybrids between C. laevigata and C. monogyna, within the named hybrid species C. × media.[10]
Parasites
The hawthorn button-top gall on Midland hawthorn is caused by the dipteran gall-midge Dasineura crataegi.
References
- JSTOR 25027810.
- ^ a b c "Crataegus laevigata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora: Crataegus laevigata
- ^ Gutermann, W. (2011). "Notulae nomenclaturales 41-45. (New names in Cruciata, Kali, and some small corrections)". Phyton: Annales Rei Botanicae. 51 (1): 95–102.
- ^ Poiret, J.L.M. (1798). "Néflier; Mespilus". In J.B.A.P.d.M. De Lamarck (ed.). Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique. Vol. 4. Paris: H. Agasse. pp. 437–447.
- ^ Christensen, K.I.; Talent, N. (2013). "Crataegus laevigata or C levigata – a Paleographic Analysis". Phyton: Annales Rei Botanicae. 52 (2): 195–201.
- ^ Jacquin, N.J. 1775. Florae Austriacae sive Plantarum Selectarum in Austriæ archiducatu: sponte crescentium icones, ad vivum coloratæ, et descriptionibus, ac synonymis illustratæ.
- ^ Byatt, J. (1974). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 69: 15–20.
- ^ Brummitt, R. K. (1986). Taxon 35: 556–563.
- ^ a b Phipps, J.B.; O’Kennon, R.J.; Lance, R.W. 2003. Hawthorns and medlars. Royal Horticultural Society, Cambridge, U.K.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ^ "Crataegus laevigata 'Punicea'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Crataegus laevigata 'Rosea Flore Pleno'". Retrieved 20 July 2013.
Further reading
- Flora Europaea: Crataegus
- Bean, W. J. (1976). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, eighth edition, revised. John Murray.
- UCConn Plant Database — copyright Mark Brand.