Crystal Palace, London
Crystal Palace | |
---|---|
View of Crystal Palace from the park. Four London boroughs; Bromley, Croydon, Lambeth, and Southwark meet at this junction. | |
Location within Greater London | |
Population | 12,255 (2011 Census. Bromley Ward)[1] |
OS grid reference | TQ341708 |
London borough | |
Ceremonial county | Greater London |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | LONDON |
Postcode district | SE19, SE20, SE26 |
Dialling code | 020 |
Police | Metropolitan |
Fire | London |
Ambulance | London |
UK Parliament | |
London Assembly | |
Crystal Palace is an area in South London, named after the Crystal Palace Exhibition building which stood in the area from 1854, until it was destroyed by fire in 1936.[2] About 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Charing Cross, it includes one of the highest points in London, at 367 feet (112 m),[3] offering views over the capital.
The area has no defined boundaries and straddles five London boroughs and three
Until development began in the 19th century, and before the arrival of the Crystal Palace, the area was known as
Crystal Palace was named in the being characterised by a bohemian fusion of urban vibes and village-feel.
History
The ridge and the historic
For centuries the area was covered by the Great North Wood, an extensive area of natural oak forest that formed a wilderness close to the southern edge of the then expanding city of London. The forest was a popular area for Londoners' recreation right up to the 19th century, when it began to be built over.[7] It was also a home of Gypsies, with some local street names and pubs recording the link,[7] and the area still retains vestiges of woodland.
A
The Crystal Palace
The Crystal Palace, designed by Joseph Paxton, was a remarkable construction of prefabricated parts. It was a cast-iron and glass building originally erected in Hyde Park to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. Following the success of the exhibition, the Palace was moved and reconstructed in 1854 in a modified and enlarged form in the grounds of the Penge Place estate at Sydenham Hill. The buildings housed the Crystal Palace School of Art, Science, and Literature and Crystal Palace School of Engineering. It attracted visitors for over seven decades.[11]
Sydenham Hill is one of the highest locations in London; 109 metres (357 ft) above sea level (spot height on Ordnance Survey Map); and the size of the Palace and prominence of the site made it easy to identify from much of London. This led to the residential area around the building becoming known as Crystal Palace instead of Sydenham Hill. The Palace was destroyed by fire on 30 November 1936 and the site of the building and its grounds is now known as Crystal Palace Park.
Landmarks
Crystal Palace Triangle
The area is formed by Westow Street, Westow Hill and Church Road, and has a number of restaurants and several independent shops, as well as an indoor secondhand market
Transmitters
Television transmission has been taking place from Crystal Palace since at least the 1930s
Crystal Palace Park
Crystal Palace Park is a large Victorian
The park is situated halfway along
Westow Park
A smaller park occupying 2.73 hectares (6.7 acres)[26] is to the southwest of the triangle on Church Road. Westow Park hosts the annual Crystal Palace Overground festival, a free community festival held over four days in the summer.[27]
Stambourne Woods
To the south of the triangle is a small area of woodland occupying 1.92 hectares (4.7 acres), containing the Stambourne Woodland Walk. It was opened in 1984 and covers an area between developments on Stambourne Way and Fox Hill. The land originally formed the gardens of Victorian villas built on the hill overlooking Croydon, but fell into disrepair. In 1962, the Croydon Council approved terms for buying the land from the Church Commissioners and other local freeholders, allowing the construction of a link. Paths and benches were installed but much of the vegetation was left undisturbed, creating a woodland pathway.[28]
Saint Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox Church
At 69 Westow Street is an ornate Greek Orthodox Church which serves the Greek Cypriot and Orthodox community in the surrounding area. Built in 1878, and formerly an Anglican church (St. Andrew's), the walls are now dressed in ornate Byzantine-style art.[29]
Geography
Crystal Palace is about 7 miles (11 km) southeast of
Climate data for London (Greenwich) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
29.8 (85.6) |
32.8 (91.0) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.5 (97.7) |
38.5 (101.3) |
35.4 (95.7) |
29.9 (85.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
38.5 (101.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
8.6 (47.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) |
2.4 (36.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
5.1 (41.2) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −10.0 (14.0) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.0 (44.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51.6 (2.03) |
38.2 (1.50) |
40.5 (1.59) |
45.0 (1.77) |
46.5 (1.83) |
47.3 (1.86) |
41.1 (1.62) |
51.6 (2.03) |
50.4 (1.98) |
68.8 (2.71) |
58.0 (2.28) |
53.0 (2.09) |
591.8 (23.30) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.8 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 10.7 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 110.4 |
Average snowy days | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 16 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
91 | 89 | 91 | 90 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 95 | 96 | 95 | 93 | 91 | 92 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 49.9 | 71.4 | 107.1 | 159.8 | 181.2 | 181.0 | 192.1 | 195.1 | 138.9 | 108.1 | 58.5 | 37.4 | 1,480.5 |
Source 1: Record highs and lows from BBC Weather,[32] except August and February maximum from Met Office[33][34] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: All other data from Met Office,[35] except for humidity and snow data which are from NOAA[36] |
Local government
Crystal Palace is on the boundary of four London boroughs – Bromley, Croydon, Lambeth and Southwark. A fifth borough – Lewisham – is nearby. As a result, the area is served by a diverse range of local government bodies and Members of Parliament (MPs).[8][37]
Colour | Party |
---|---|
Conservative | |
Labour | |
Liberal Democrats |
Local authorities
Several local authority councillors in the area were elected on 5 May 2022. All seats bar 1 are held by Labour party candidates. The elected officials by ward for Crystal Palace local authorities in October 2023 were:
Local Authority | Ward | Elected Councillors | |
---|---|---|---|
Bromley |
Crystal Palace & Anerley
|
Ruth McGregor | |
Ryan Thomson [38] | |||
Croydon |
Crystal Palace and Upper Norwood | Claire Bonham | |
Nina Degrads | |||
Patsy Cummings[39] | |||
Lambeth |
Gipsy Hill | Christine Banton | |
Rebecca Spencer[40] | |||
Southwark |
Dulwich Wood | Andy Simmons | |
Catherine Rose[41] | |||
Lewisham |
Sydenham | Chris Best | |
Liam Curran | |||
Jack Lavery[42] |
London Assembly
The area is represented by four constituencies in the London Assembly. Their elected assembly members in 2021 were:
London Assembly Constituency | Elected Member | |
---|---|---|
Croydon and Sutton | Neil Garratt | |
Bexley and Bromley | Peter Fortune | |
Greenwich and Lewisham | Len Duvall | |
Lambeth and Southwark | Marina Ahmad |
Westminster Parliament
The area is represented by three constituencies in the Westminster Parliament. In May 2015, their elected MPs were:
Constituency | MP | |
---|---|---|
Croydon North | Steve Reed | |
Dulwich and West Norwood | Helen Hayes | |
Lewisham West and Penge | Ellie Reeves |
Media
Films
The park features prominently as the setting of an outdoor rave in the music video for The Chemical Brothers' number 1 single "Setting Sun".[47]
Literature
Arthur Conan Doyle was active in the area between 1891 and 1894. Although he lived in nearby South Norwood, he visited the Crystal Palace and Upper Norwood area regularly in connection with the Upper Norwood Literary and Scientific Society. The Foresters Hall on Westow Street was then known as the Welcome Hall (or just Welcome), and it was in that hall in May 1892 that Arthur Conan Doyle was elected President of the society. He was re-elected to the post in 1893 and resigned in 1894. Each occasion was held in the same hall.[48]
The writer Deborah Crombie sets her 2013 mystery, The Sound of Broken Glass, in the Crystal Palace area of London.[49]
Sports
Crystal Palace Football Club
The club were formed in 1905 and initially played their home games at the sports stadium situated inside the grounds of The Crystal Palace. However, in 1915 they were forced to leave due to the
FA Cup Final
The FA Cup Final was hosted at the Palace sports stadium between 1895 and 1914.
The historical grounds also hosted the first England Rugby Union match against New Zealand in 1905, which New Zealand won by 15–0. The London County Cricket Club also played their matches here, having been formed by The Crystal Palace Company with the help of W. G. Grace.
National Sports Centre
In 1964, a 15,500 seater athletics stadium and sports centre was built on the former site of the football stadium in Crystal Palace Park. The athletics stadium was known as the National Sports Centre and between 1999 and 2012 hosted the
Motor Racing
A motor racing circuit was opened around the Park in 1927 and the remains of the track now make up some of the access roads around the park. The track was extended to two miles (3.2 km) in 1936, before being taken over by the Ministry of Defence at the start of World War II. Race meetings resumed in 1953, and the circuit hosted a range of international racing events, continuing until the last races in 1974. For three years, from 1997, parts of the circuit were used for a once-a-year sprint time trial similar to a hillclimb before stopping due to development work. The event resumed in 2010 and continued until 2019.[52]
Education
Crystal Palace contains three primary schools, Paxton Primary School, Rockmount Primary School and All Saints C of E Primary School, and one secondary school,
In 2013, due to a shortage of primary school places in both Crystal Palace[55] and London,[56] proposals to open a new primary school by September 2015 were put forward, with plans submitted to the Department for Education in January 2014.[57] The proposals were approved as part of wave 6 of the Free Schools Programme and the school is scheduled to open in September 2015. As of October 2014, the school is considering three possible building configurations – with the Greater London Authority running a public consultation on each option – all of which would involve demolishing one of the seated stands around the athletics track at the National Sports Centre.[58][59]
Transport
Roads
The area is served by the
The area would have been affected by the cancelled
Cycle routes
Rail
Crystal Palace is accessible by rail from
Crystal Palace used to have a second railway station, the
The low level station remain open, although passenger numbers at that station also fell after the fire of 1936 and many services were diverted to serve London–Croydon routes instead of the Victoria–London Bridge route. Rail travel was in decline across the UK in the 1960s and 1970s when the
More recently rail travel at the station has seen a resurgence and new services have started running. Passenger numbers increased each year between 2004 and 2013.
Tram
Tram services from Surrey used to operate up Anerley Hill to the Crystal Palace Parade until the 1930s. More recently there have been proposals to connect
Bus
The area is served by multiple
Air
The nearest major international airports are
Notable people
Marie Stopes, early promoter of sex education and contraception, was raised in a house on Cintra Park shortly after her birth in Edinburgh in 1880.[74]
Joseph Paxton, designer of the Crystal Palace itself and instrumental in having the building reassembled on Sydenham Hill following the success of the Great Exhibition of 1851, lived in a house called "Rockhills" at the top of Westwood Hill.[75]
Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, artist and sculptor who created the Crystal Palace Dinosaurs in the park, lived in Belvedere Road between 1856 and 1872.[76]
The African-American Shakespearean actor Ira Aldridge lived in Hamlet Road.[78]
The French novelist
British rapper Speech Debelle was born in Crystal Palace. She left the area because of "traffic and parking problems".[81]
Camille Pissarro, Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter, stayed in Crystal Palace between 1870 and 1871.[82][83]
A fuller list of notable people can be found on the same section of the Upper Norwood page.
Nearest places
See also
- The Crystal Palace
- Crystal Palace Park
- Crystal Palace Dinosaurs
- Crystal Palace National Sports Centre
- Crystal Palace railway station
- Crystal Palace (High Level) railway station
- Crystal Palace pneumatic railway
- Crystal Palace circuit
References
Citations
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Bibliography
- Tim Bird, The Great North Wood, Avery Hill Publishing, 2018
- Beryl D. Cheeseman, Treetops & Terraces, Theban Publishing, 1991
- Beryl D. Cheeseman, Upper Norwood Triangle Memories, Theban Publishing, 2007
- John Coulter, Norwood: A Second Selection (Britain in Old Photographs), The History Press, 2012
- John Coulter, Norwood Pubs (Images of England), Tempus Publishing, 2006 (reprinted by The History Press)
- David R. Johnson, Around Crystal Palace & Penge (Britain in Old Photographs), Sutton Publishing, 2004 (reprinted by The History Press)
- Ian Leith, Delamotte's Crystal Palace: A Victorian Pleasure Dome Revealed, English Heritage, 2005 (reprinted by The Crystal Palace Foundation, 2013)
- J. R. Piggott, Palace of the People: The Crystal Palace at Sydenham 1854-1936, Hurst & Company, 2004
- Nicholas Reed, Crystal Palace and the Norwoods (Images of England), Tempus Publishing, 1995 (reprinted by The History Press)
- C. J. Schuler, The Wood that Built London: A Human History of the Great North Wood, Sandstone Press, 2021
- Alan R. Warwick, The Phoenix Suburb: A South London Social History, The Blue Boar Press/Norwood Society, 1972 (reprinted 1991 & 2008)
External links
- Crystal Palace Foundation
- Crystal Palace Community Association
- Crystal Palace Park Trust
- Upper Norwood Triangle Conservation Plan
- Historical images of Crystal Palace Archived 18 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- The Transmitter – local magazine
- Upper Norwood Library
- Virtual Norwood – community web site
- The Norwood Society