Cyclone Mocha
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | 9 May 2023 |
Dissipated | 15 May 2023 |
Extremely severe cyclonic storm | |
3-minute sustained (IMD) | |
Highest winds | 215 km/h (130 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 938 hPa (mbar); 27.70 inHg |
Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclone | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 280 km/h (175 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 918 hPa (mbar); 27.11 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 463 |
Injuries | 719 |
Missing | ≥101 |
Damage | $1.5 billion (2023 USD) |
Areas affected | Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Yunnan |
IBTrACS / [1][2][3][4][5][6] | |
Part of the 2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season |
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mocha
Thousands of volunteers assisted citizens of Myanmar and Bangladesh in evacuating as the cyclone approached the international border.[8] Evacuations were also ordered for low-lying areas in Sittwe, Pauktaw, Myebon, Maungdaw, and Buthidaung. In Bangladesh, over 500,000 individuals were ordered to be relocated from coastal areas of the country due to the storm's approach. Officials from the military declared the state of Rakhine a natural disaster area. Several villages in Rakhine State were also damaged by the cyclone. The death toll for Cyclone Mocha varies significantly. ASEAN reported a total of 145 deaths,[9] whereas the National Unity Government of Myanmar (NUG) stated that Cyclone Mocha killed at least 463 people, including three indirect deaths in Bangladesh. The storm also injured 719 people and left 101 others missing.[10][6] It caused about US$1.5 billion of damage in Myanmar.[11]
Meteorological history
On 2 May, the
Located on the periphery of an established
After completing its cycle on 13 May, the eyewall became well-defined, resulting in another period of rapid intensification. Low vertical wind shear and robust outflow facilitated the strengthening, and Mocha reached 1-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), equivalent to Category 4 strength on the SSHWS.[30] Mocha achieved its peak intensity at 18:00 UTC, when the IMD estimated winds of 215 km/h (130 mph), just under super cyclonic storm intensity. Its barometric pressure was assessed at 938 hPa (27.70 inHg).[1] The JTWC initially estimated 1-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph) at 00:00 UTC of 14 May, making Mocha a Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclone.[31] However, the agency subsequently revised the estimate to 280 km/h (175 mph), tied with Cyclone Fani as the strongest storm on record in the North Indian Ocean, in terms of 1-minute sustained winds.[32][33]
Mocha was a large storm and had a symmetrical eye about 37 km (20 nmi) wide.[31] Conditions quickly became unfavorable for Mocha upon reaching areas of mid-level wind shear and with dry air beginning to intrude on the northwest side of the core. The eye rapidly eroded as the cloud tops became significantly warmer.[32] Mocha made landfall at 07:00 UTC just north of Sittwe, Myanmar, with 3-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (135 mph).[34][35] The JTWC issued its final bulletin on the storm upon landfall and estimated 1-minute sustained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph).[35] Mocha rapidly weakened from Myanmar's rugged terrain as it was downgraded to very severe cyclonic storm intensity at 15:00 UTC. Wind shear also increased and contributed to the weakening.[36] The vorticity in the atmosphere, poleward outflow, and convergence would still maintain Mocha's intensity as a cyclonic storm throughout its deterioration.[37] On 15 May, Mocha weakened into a depression at 00:00 UTC as it tracked east-northeastward.[38] The depression was later marked as a low-pressure area by the IMD at 03:00 UTC, as its center was not well-defined, prompting the discontinuation of advisories on Mocha.[39]
Preparations
Myanmar
Local authorities in Rakhine advised residents to evacuate low-lying and coastal areas in Sittwe, Pauktaw, Myebon, Maungdaw, and Buthidaung, and many were already beginning to leave as the storm approached. Communities and aid agencies in Myanmar were preparing for Cyclone Mocha's arrival.[40] The Myanmar Red Cross Society prepared for a major emergency response with the support of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).[41] More than 78,250 people evacuated from at-risk areas, including 18,800 internally displaced persons in Rakhine. The nation's government preparations for shelter stockpiled to accommodate 100,000 people.[42] Roughly 4,000 people evacuated from Sittwe while 20,000 other residents sought refuge in local shelters.[43] Large-scale search and rescue teams were placed on standby, consisting of 3,207 personnel equipped with 1,009 land and 242 water vehicles. Dozens of medical personnel and rapid response teams were deployed to Rakhine and Chin. Non-food items for more than 10,000 people were readied. According to ASEAN, Myanmar's government was better-equipped to handle disasters since Cyclone Nargis in 2008.[42]
The World Food Programme (WFP) in Myanmar said it was preparing food and relief supplies to support over 400,000 people in Rakhine and nearby areas.[44] According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Mocha was anticipated to reach Myanmar's Rakhine state and northwest region, where six million people require humanitarian assistance and 1.2 million are displaced.[45] The World Health Organization has positioned 500,000 water purification pills in Myanmar, along with additional supplies.[46] The ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre) warned of the possibility of a "catastrophic disaster" and stated that it was coordinating with Myanmar's military to fly essential supplies from warehouses in Thailand and Malaysia.[47] State TV reported that the military government was prepared to send food, medicine, and medical personnel.[48]
Bangladesh
The authorities suspended inland river transport in Bangladesh on 13 May and flight operations at Shah Amanat International Airport on 14 May.[54] The Bangladesh government launched a large evacuation campaign to relocate almost 500,000 residents along the country's southern coastlines.[55] By 14 May, approximately 1.27 million people evacuated from Cox's Bazar and over 100,000 from Chittagong.[43][56]
India
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) said that the southeast Bay of Bengal region of Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland, southern Assam, and portions of Manipur were expected to receive "heavy" to "very heavy" rainfall as a result of Cyclone Mocha.[57] The state governments of Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, and Assam also requested that the disaster management and all other relevant authorities take preventative measures to minimize casualties and property damage.[58]
China
The
Impact
Myanmar
According to media reports, at least 460 people were killed and hundreds of others were left missing,[6] most of them Rohingya refugees.[61][62] State media and local officials said at least 145 people died across the country.[63] The majority of the deaths occurred in Rakhine state.[64] One woman also died in the Salin Creek on 14 May.[65] Over 700 people were also injured.[66][2] As of 18 May, at least 183,042 houses, 1,770 religious buildings, 1,397 schools, 227 medical facilities, 2 airports and 340 government buildings were destroyed across the country.[67]
Several villages from
Residents in the affected area told Reuters that up to 100 Rohingya people may have been killed, although the news agency could not verify the fatality count. News site Myanmar Now said hundreds were missing and "feared dead".[79] The UN High Commissioner for Refugees said refugees died from drowning at camps and additional people were missing.[80]
Bangladesh
At least 2,522 houses in Cox's Bazar were destroyed, with another 10,469 others damaged.
Sri Lanka
Although the impact of the cyclone on Sri Lanka was significantly reduced by its landfall between Bangladesh and Myanmar, seven people were injured,[86] another seven were reported missing, and nearly 2,000 people have been affected in Southern Sri Lanka due to the cyclonic storm's indirect influence.[87] The Sri Lanka Navy (SLN) has deployed approximately 30 relief teams to assist those affected by potential floods.[88]
Elsewhere
In India, the state of Mizoram, at least 154 houses were destroyed or severely damaged and 82 others and eight refugee camps were partially damaged. A total of 5,749 people in more than 50 villages were affected by Mocha.[3][89] The city of Kolkata experienced intense rainfall.[90] In China, blizzards were reported in the northwestern part of Yunnan, arising from the collision of moist air from Mocha's remnants with cold wintery air.[91] Due to the presence of cold air and plenty of moisture from Mocha, snow was able to accumulate, covering roads and other structures.[91]
Aftermath
Myanmar
The state of Rakhine was declared a natural disaster area by military officials.
Malteser International pledged €100,000 and distributed relief goods on 15 May for those affected.[97] The United States provided $250,000 to Bangladesh and Rohingya refugees on 17 May.[98] India launched operation Karuna to support Myanmar.[99]
On 23 May, a supplemental US$122 million Flash Appeal was launched by UNOCHA targeting the needs of 500,000 storm victims. This supplemented an existing humanitarian response plan with a target of 1.1 million people and cost of US$212 million.[100] By mid-June, UN-led humanitarian efforts provided over 110,000 people with shelter and more than 300,000 with food. On 12 June, Myanmar's State Administration Council suspended UN humanitarian aid.[101]
See also
- Weather of 2023
- Tropical cyclones in 2023
- Tropical cyclones in Myanmar
- 1991 Bangladesh cyclone – An extremely deadly and intense tropical cyclone that affected Myanmar and Bangladesh
- 1994 Bangladesh cyclone – Another strong tropical cyclone which made a similar trajectory to Mocha, also affecting Myanmar and Bangladesh.
- May 1997 Bangladesh cyclone – A powerful tropical cyclone that also caused destruction in Myanmar and Bangladesh.
- Cyclone Mala (2006) – A slightly weaker tropical cyclone which had a similar track to Mocha.
- Cyclone Giri (2010) – Another intense tropical cyclone which affected Myanmar and Bangladesh.
- Cyclone Fani (2019) – Another tropical cyclone tied with Mocha in 1-minute sustained wind speed.
- Cyclone Amphan (2020) – Most recent Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean prior to Mocha.
Notes
References
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- ^ "Cyclone Mocha: 230 Houses In Mizoram Destroyed, Heavy Rain Lashes Kolkata". APB News. 15 May 2023. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ a b LoBiondo, Nicole (16 May 2023). "Deadly Cyclone Mocha displaces thousands in Bangladesh, Myanmar". AccuWeather. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ "Cyclone Mocha: Myanmar's Rakhine state declared disaster area". BBC News. 15 May 2023. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ "Myanmar port city cut off in Cyclone Mocha aftermath". Yahoo Sports. 15 May 2023. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea; Rebane, Teele (16 May 2023). "Aid groups brace for 'large-scale loss of life' in Myanmar as details emerge of Cyclone Mocha's destruction". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ "Many feared dead after cyclone pummels western Myanmar – media". Reuters. 16 May 2023. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ "မိုခါဆိုင်ကလုန်းကြောင့် သေကျေထိခိုက် ပျက်စီးမှုတွေအတွက် ကုလစိုးရိမ်". Voice of America. 17 May 2023. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
- ^ "Cyclone Mocha in Myanmar/Bangladesh: Malteser International provides EUR 100,000 emergency relief and distributes relief goods – Myanmar | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ "United States Provides Emergency Assistance for Cyclone Mocha Recovery – Bangladesh | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
- ^ "Cyclone Mocha: Indian Navy ships carrying relief material reach Yangon under Operation Karuna". newsonair.gov.in. 18 May 2023. Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ Myanmar: Cyclone Mocha Flash Appeal, May 2023 (PDF) (Report). United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 23 May 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023 – via ReliefWeb.
- ^ "Humanitarian Access Suspended in Cyclone-Ravaged Rakhine State" (PDF) (Press release). United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023 – via ReliefWeb.
External links
- 01B.MOCHA from the United States Naval Research Laboratory
- ReliefWeb's main page for this event.