Deerfield River
Deerfield River is a river that runs for 76 miles (122 km)[1] from southern Vermont through northwestern Massachusetts to the Connecticut River. The Deerfield River was historically influential in the settlement of western Franklin County, Massachusetts, and its namesake town. It is the Connecticut River's second-longest tributary in Massachusetts, 2.1 miles (3.4 km) shorter than Metropolitan Springfield's Westfield River.
The river's confluence with the Connecticut is in Greenfield, Massachusetts, downstream of Turners Falls (42°34′37″N 72°34′40″W / 42.57708°N 72.57784°W). The Deerfield is one of the most heavily dammed rivers in the country[citation needed] with, on average, a dam almost every 7 miles (11 km) for its entire length. In Shelburne Falls, the glacial potholes and the Bridge of Flowers are popular tourist attractions around the river.
Geography
The great descent of the river of nearly 1,100 feet over 50 miles furnished water power at many places. Several streams nearly as large as the main river enter the Deerfield River from the north.[2] Among its tributaries is the Green River.
Dams
There are 10 dams on the Deerfield, owned by three different electric utilities:
- Great River Hydro LLC purchased from the
- Brookfield Power owns the Bear Swamp Pump Storageproject and Fife Brook dam;
- Nautilus Power LLC of Charlotte, North Carolina, owns the relatively small Gardner Falls Dam, which dates from 1904.[5]
The various hydroelectric facilities were purchased from National Energy & Gas Transmission, Inc. (NEGT) subsidiary USGen New England, Inc. at the conclusion of NEGT's Chapter 11 bankruptcy and liquidation of the assets of the USGen subsidiary in 2005.[6]
In 1994, an agreement on relicensing the various dams with the
A 260-foot-tall (79 m) dam was proposed for the Stillwater section of the river in Deerfield in the mid to late twentieth century. Local opposition helped to defeat the proposal.[9]
Name | Capacity (MW) | In Service | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Searsburg Station | 5 | 1922 | |
Harriman Station | 39 | 1925 | |
Sherman Station | 7 | 1927 | |
Deerfield #5 | 14 | 1974 | |
Former Deerfield #5 powerhouse | Discontinued, located underwater in lower Bear Swamp reservoir, relocated to position above | ||
Bear Swamp Generating Station
|
600 | 1974 | Upper reservoir pumped from 770' to 1600', released in high demand periods. |
Fife Brook Station | 10 | 1974 | |
Deerfield #4 | 6 | 1913 | Charlemont-Buckland border |
Deerfield #3 | 7 | 1912 | Shelburne Falls |
Gardners Falls |
3.5 | 1904 | |
Deerfield #2 |
6 | 1913 |
History
The hydroelectric development of the Deerfield River began in 1910 when the New England Power Company was formed to acquire water rights on the Deerfield and construct dams. The largest dam, Harriman, was built in the early 1920s and has an unusual overflow structure known as the "Glory Hole." This structure is a funnel-like concrete tube that leads to a tunnel under the earthen dam and prevents high flows from overtopping the dam.
The last dam built on the Deerfield was Fife Brook Dam, which was built in the early 1970s in conjunction with the development of the
The third commercial nuclear reactor in the United States was built in the town of
The eastern entrance of the
The Bardwell's Ferry Bridge is a 198-foot-long (60 m) pin-connected through truss, built in 1882 and spanning the Deerfield River between the towns of Shelburne and Conway in Franklin County. It is the longest single-span lenticular bridge in Massachusetts. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[10]
Recreation
Activities on and around the Deerfield include
There are several tributaries of the Deerfield River that provide excellent whitewater creek runs, including the class IV-V West Branch of the Deerfield[13] in Readsboro, Vermont, the class V Dunbar Brook[14] in Monroe, Massachusetts, the class V Pelham Brook[15] in Rowe, Massachusetts, the class IV Cold River[16] in Florida and Charlemont, Massachusetts, and the class III Chickley River[17] in Hawley, Massachusetts.
This is also an excellent trout fishery, great for fly fishing. Two sections between the Fife Brook dam and the Route 2 bridge are catch and release. There are 5 dams which control the majority of the river flow and allow selectable trout fishing through the year.[18]
See also
- Connecticut River
- Pioneer Valley
- Franklin County, Massachusetts
- List of old growth forests in Massachusetts
- List of rivers of Vermont
References
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed April 1, 2011
- ^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). Encyclopedia Americana. .
- ^ "Our History".
- ^ "Facilities".
- ^ [1] The Greenfield Recorder.
- ^ USGEN NE Plan of Liquidation National Energy and Gas Transmission. Retrieved January 30, 2007.
- ^ Dam Good Paddling Archived 2006-09-29 at the Wayback Machine by Elizabeth Grossman; AMC Outdoors Appalachian Mountain Club (April 2006)
- ^ Dam(n) relicensing tries everyone's patience by Mathew Witten. Vermont Business Magazine (October 1994).
- ^ News » Polly Bartlett earns top honors from The Greenfield Recorder
- ^ Lenticular truss bridges of Massachusetts Archived 2008-05-26 at the Wayback Machine Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA
- ^ Deerfield River, MA; Fife Brook Section (Bear Swamp to Route 2) American Whitewater
- ^ Deerfield River, MA; Monroe Bridge to Bear Swamp (The Dryway) American Whitewater
- ^ Deerfield River, West Branch, VT; Heartwellville to Readsboro Village. American Whitewater
- ^ Dunbar Brook, MA; South Road to Deerfield River American Whitewater
- ^ Pelham Brook, MA; Rowe Center to Deerfield River American Whitewater
- ^ Cold River, MA; Route 2 hairpin turn to Deerfield River American Whitewater
- ^ Chickley River, MA; Route 8A to Deerfield River American Whitewater
- ^ Deerfield River top 10 fly fishing spots in the northeast
Further reading
- U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Deerfield River, retrieved 15 June 2005
- "River of Change" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-10-19. (663 KiB) Catherine Reid, Historic Deerfield (Spring 2003)
External links
- Deerfield River Watershed Association
- Deerfield River Hydroelectric System National Energy & Gas Transmission
- Lozer Cup Downriver race series held annually during the Monroe Bridge section release season