Desulfobulbus propionicus
| Desulfobulbus propionicus | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
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| Phylum: | |
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| Species: | D. propionicus
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| Binomial name | |
| Desulfobulbus propionicus Pagani et al. 2011[1]
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Type strain
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| 1pr3T (DSM 2032, ATCC 33891, VKM B-1956)[1] | |
Desulfobulbus propionicus is a
Discovery
Desulfobulbus propionicus was discovered in 1982 by Friedrich Widdel and Norbert Pfenning.[2] Desulfobulbus propionicus was isolated from samples taken from anaerobic mud in a village ditch, pond, and marine mud flat in Germany.[2] All three strains were isolated using the agar shake dilution method on a basal medium with added sulfate, mineral salts, iron, trace elements, bicarbonate, sulfide, and seven vitamins.[2]
| Strain | Geographical Location[2] | Habitat Type[2] |
|---|---|---|
| 1pr3T | Lindhort, Germany | Freshwater ditch mud |
| 2pr4 | Hannover, Germany | Freshwater pond mud |
| 3pr10 | Jadebusen, Germany (North Sea) | Marine mud flat |
Etymology
The
Taxonomic and phylogenetic description
Desulfobulbus propionicus possesses three strains: 1pr3T, 2pr4, and 3pr10.
In terms of the genus Desulfobulbus, the closest relatives of D. propionicus are D. elongatus with an identity of 96.9%, followed by D. rhabdoformis, and then D. mediterraneus and D. japonicas with equal relation respective to the phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA sequences.[1]
Characterization
Morphology
Desulfobulbus propionicus is a
| Strain | Shape | Motility | Fimbriae |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1pr3T | Lemon-shaped | Non-motile | + |
| 2pr4 | Ovoid | Single polar flagella | - |
| 3pr10 | Ellipsoidal | Single polar flagella | - |
Metabolism
Desulfobulbus propionicus is an anaerobic
Genome
Of the three strains within Desulfobulbus propionicus, 1pr3T is the only to have its genome completely sequenced.[1] It was sequenced in 2011 by Pagani et al.[1] Strain 1pr3T was found to encompass a genome size of 3,851,869 bp, with a G-C content of 58.93%.[1] Pagani et al. predicted 3,408 genes in the genome of 1pr3T, with 3,351 genes that encode proteins.[1] The genome contains 57 RNA genes and two rRNA operons.[1] Furthermore, there is 68 pseudo genes which makes up 2.0% of the total genome size.[1]
Ecology
Desulfobulbus propionicus inhabits anaerobic freshwaters and marine sediments.[1] Among the three strains, they differ in: temperature ranges, optimal temperature, pH range, optimal pH, and NaCl concentration requirements (1pr3T and 2pr4 show slowed growth above a NaCl concentration of 15 g/L, and 3pr10 shows no growth below 15 g/L).[1][2]
| Strain | Temperate Range (°C)[2] | Temperature Optimum (°C)[2] | pH Range[2] | pH Optimum[2] | NaCl Concentration Requirement (g/L)[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pr3T | 10 - 43 | 39 | 6.0 - 8.6 | 7.2 | <15 |
| 2pr4 | 10 - 36 | 30 | 6.6 - 8.1 | 7.2 | <15 |
| 3pr10 | 15 - 36 | 29 | 6.6 - 8.1 | 7.4 | >15 |
Application
Desulfobulbus propionicus can serve as a biocatalyst in microbial electrosynthesis.[4] Microbial electrosynthesis is the usage of electrons by microorganism to reduce carbon dioxide to organic molecules.[4] Desulfobulbus propionicus, when present at the anode, oxidizes elemental sulfur to sulfate, which creates free electrons in the process.[4] The free electrons flow to the organism located at the cathode.[4] The microbe present at the cathode utilizes the electron energy transferred from Desulfobulbus propionicus to create organic matter (e.g. acetate) by reducing carbon dioxide.[4] The use of microbial electrosynthesis has potential to aid in the production and waste maintenance of industrial chemicals and energy production.[4]
References
External links
Further reading
- Holmes, D. E.; Bond, D. R.; Lovley, D. R. (2004). "Electron Transfer by Desulfobulbus propionicus to Fe(III) and Graphite Electrodes". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70 (2): 1234–1237. PMID 14766612.
- Laanbroek, Hendrikus J.; Abee, Tjakko; Voogd, Irma L. (1982). "Alcohol conversion by Desulfobulbus propionicus Lindhorst in the presence and absence of sulfate and hydrogen". Archives of Microbiology. 133 (3): 178–184. S2CID 13646178.
- Anandkumar, B.; George, R. P.; Maruthamuthu, S.; Palaniswamy, N.; Dayal, R. K. (2012). "Corrosion behavior of SRB Desulfobulbus propionicus isolated from an Indian petroleum refinery on mild steel". Materials and Corrosion. 63 (4): 355–362. S2CID 96758067.
- Kremer, D.R.; Hansen, T.A. (1988). "Pathway of propionate degradation inDesulfobulbus propionicus". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 49 (2): 273–277. ISSN 0378-1097.
- Benoit, J. M.; Gilmour, C. G.; Mason, R. P. (February 2001). "The Influence of Sulfide on Solid-Phase Mercury Bioavailability for Methylation by Pure Cultures of Desulfobulbus propionicus (1pr3)". Environmental Science and Technology. 35 (1): 127–135. PMID 11351996.
- Moreau, J. W.; Gionfriddo, C. M.; Krabbenhoft, D. P.; Ogorek, J. M.; DeWild, J. F.; Aiken, G. R.; Roden, E. E. (2015). "The Effect of Natural Organic Matter on Mercury Methylation by Desulfobulbus propionicus 1pr3". Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: 1389. PMID 26733947.
- Mehrotra, A. S.; Horne, A. J.; Sedlak, D. L. (2003). "Reductionof Net Mercury MethylationbyIronin Desulfobulbus propionicus (1pr3) Cultures: Implications for EngineeredWetlands". Environmental Science and Technology. 37 (13): 3018–3023. PMID 12875409.