Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns
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Prominent Institute campaigns have been to '
The
Goal of the campaigns
The overarching goal of the Institute in conducting the intelligent design campaigns is religious; to replace science with "a science consonant with Christian and theistic convictions."[12][non-primary source needed] To accomplish this the Institute has conducted a number of public relations campaigns. The governing strategy of these various campaigns is called the Wedge strategy and was first made public when the Institute's "Wedge Document" was leaked on the World Wide Web in 1999.[13] The Discovery Institute argues that science, due to its reliance on naturalism, is an inherently materialistic and atheistic enterprise and thus the source of many of society's ills, and that "Design theory [intelligent design] promises to reverse the stifling dominance of the materialist worldview."[12]
None of the campaigns are aimed at directly influencing the scientific community, which the Institute considers
In a Seattle Weekly article, Nina Shapiro quoted Institute founder and president
Yet the Discovery Institute as an organization did not get involved in the issue in order to solve the mysteries of the universe. Chapman is up front about having a social and political agenda. He sees design intelligence as a way to combat the growing reliance on genetic explanations for human behavior and what he sees as an undermining of personal responsibility. As an example of this phenomenon, Chapman cites the infamous "Twinkie defense" used by a murder defendant claiming his sugar high made him do it.
Others associated with the institute take a bigger leap of logic to argue that welfare, as currently dispensed, is a misguided consequence of the Darwinian outlook. "If you see human beings as nothing but matter and motion, than all you do is treat them like mouths to feed," says Jay Richards, program director for the institute's Center for Science and Culture. "If they're more than that, you treat the whole person," he argues, which would mean looking at such things as family structure and the role of moral and religious values in their lives.
Do you really have to attack a whole branch of science in order to counter liberal views on welfare? The Discovery Institute folk think they do. "Unless you get the science right," Chapman says, "it's very hard to contend with the other arguments."
— Nina Shapiro, The New Creationists[14]
The Institute's approach has been to position itself as opposed to any required teaching intelligent design, while campaigns such as Teach the Controversy and Critical Analysis of Evolution introduce high school students to design arguments through the Discovery Institute-drafted lesson plans. Teach the Controversy and Free Speech on Evolution both require that "competing" or "alternative" "theories" to evolution to be presented while the Critical Analysis of Evolution model lesson plan fills that requirement by listing intelligent design books by Institute Fellows as such alternatives for students.[citation needed]
"Discovery Institute opposes mandating the teaching of intelligent design, but it supports requiring students to know about scientific criticisms of Darwin's theory, which is the approach adopted by the science standards in Ohio, Minnesota, New Mexico, and currently under discussion in Kansas. Discovery Institute also supports the right of teachers to voluntarily discuss the scientific debate over intelligent design free from persecution or intimidation."[15]
Campaign to "teach the controversy"
Previously, attempts to introduce creationism into public high school science curricula had been derailed when this was found to have violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In an attempt to avoid repeating this violation, the Institute today avoids directly advocating for intelligent design in high school curricula.[citation needed] Instead, it advocates teaching methods that introduce intelligent design ideas (and textbooks) indirectly through a campaign to "Teach the Controversy" by portraying evolution as "a theory in crisis" and "presenting all the evidence, both for and against, evolution" and teaching "Critical Analysis of Evolution" (the name of the Institute's model lesson plans on the subject).[citation needed] The Discovery Institute describes their approach as:
As a general approach, Discovery Institute favors teaching students more about evolution, not less. We think students deserve to know not only about the strengths of modern evolutionary theory, but also about some of the theory's weaknesses and unresolved issues. In other words, students should be taught that evolutionary theory, like any scientific theory, continues to be open to analysis and critical scrutiny. According to opinion polls, this approach is favored by the overwhelming majority of the American public, and it has also been endorsed by the U.S. Congress in report language attached to the No Child Left Behind Act Conference Report.[16]
Gordy Slack of Salon interpreted this tactic as: "the 'more' they want to teach, of course, is what they see as evolution's shortcomings, leaving an ecological niche that will then be filled by intelligent design."[17]
In 2001
These teaching methods were promoted by the Institute at the Kansas evolution hearings in 2005, but were the subject of judicial criticism later in that year in the decision in Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District: "ID's backers have sought to avoid the scientific scrutiny which we have now determined that it cannot withstand by advocating that the controversy, but not ID itself, should be taught in science class. This tactic is at best disingenuous, and at worst a canard. The goal of the IDM is not to encourage critical thought, but to foment a revolution which would supplant evolutionary theory with ID."[19] The slogan "teach the controversy" has been increasingly superseded by the more oblique "Critical Analysis of Evolution".[citation needed]
Campaigns claiming discrimination
The claim that "scientists, teachers, and students are under attack for questioning evolution" and have been discriminated against,
Other purported instances of discrimination publicised by the Discovery Institute include:
- philosopher tenure from Baylor University[citation needed];
- biology teacher Roger DeHart's reassignment at, and later resignation from, Burlington-Edison High School for teaching intelligent design;[24]
- Mississippi University for Women chemist Nancy Bryson, who was removed as head of the science and mathematics division, purportedly for giving a presentation entitled "Critical Thinking on Evolution", which claimed evidence for intelligent design in nature. After protests, the university decided Bryson could keep the job and insisted her removal had nothing to do with the lecture.[25][26]
- biologist Caroline Crocker, who was barred by George Mason University from teaching a Cell Biology class over her introduction of intelligent design into it, and whose contract at that university was not renewed;[27][28][29]
- The closure of the short-lived Evolutionary Informatics Lab formed by William Dembski as a postdoctoral researcher. The lab was shut down and its website was deleted because Baylor's administration considered that it violated university policy forbidding professors from creating the impression that their personal views represent Baylor as an institution. Baylor however permitted Marks to resume work in the informatics lab on his own time and maintain his website, provided a disclaimer accompany any intelligent design-advancing research makes clear that the work does not represent the university's position.[30][31][32][33]
Court cases (such as Webster v. New Lenox School District and Bishop v. Aronov) have upheld school districts' and universities' right to restrict teaching to a specified curriculum. None of these purported cases of discrimination have been subjected to formal legal or congressional scrutiny.[citation needed]
In August 2007, an upcoming movie publicising a number of these incidents was announced, entitled Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed and starring Ben Stein.[34]
Free Speech on Evolution campaign
The primary message of the campaign was:
"Across America, the freedom of scientists, teachers, and students to question Darwin is coming under increasing attack by what can only be called Darwinian fundamentalists. These self-appointed defenders of the theory of evolution are waging a malicious campaign to demonize and blacklist anyone who disagrees with them."[20][dead link]
The term[
A notable characteristic of this campaign is the Institute's framing of the issues as a confluence of
The campaign has found traction with the Discovery Institute's constituency, conservative Christians, but has failed to produce gains with a wider audience.
Campaigns portraying books and sites as banned
Banned Books Week is an awareness campaign, led annually by the American Library Association, in an attempt to protect freedom of speech by celebrating books that the ALA claims others have banned or attempted to ban from various venues. In 2006, Discovery Institute Fellow John West nominated the book Of Pandas and People, on the basis of it being "at the heart of" Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District.[42] However the decision in Kitzmiller made no order regarding Pandas, rendering the basis for considering it to be "banned" highly tenuous,[43][44][45] and the assertion was dismissed by Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Deputy Director of the American Library Association's Office for Intellectual Freedom who does not consider the book banned.[46] The Discovery Institute continued to misrepresent the book as banned in 2007, with the statement that:
In 2005, a federal judge banned Pandas outright from science classrooms in Dover, Pennsylvania
— Casey Luskin, Evolution News & Views, Discovery Institute[47]
In 2007, the Discovery Institute nominated Robert J. Marks' 'Evolutionary Informatics Lab' web-site as "Banned Item of the Year", after it was deleted from the Baylor University server.[48] However, the site is still accessible, now being hosted on a third party server.[49]
Academic freedom campaign
Between 2004 and 2008 a number of anti-evolution 'Academic Freedom'
They purport that teachers, students, and college professors face intimidation and retaliation when discussing scientific criticisms of evolution, and therefore require protection.[50] Critics of the bills point out that there are no credible scientific critiques of evolution.[51] Investigation of the allegations of intimidation and retaliation have found no evidence that it occurs.[52]
In February 2008, the Discovery Institute announced the Academic Freedom Petition campaign,[53] which it is conducting with assistance from Brian Gage Design[54] who provides the Discovery Institute graphic design professional services.[55] The petition states:
We, the undersigned American citizens, urge the adoption of policies by our nation's academic institutions to ensure teacher and student academic freedom to discuss the scientific strengths and weaknesses of Darwinian evolution. Teachers should be protected from being fired, harassed, intimidated, or discriminated against for objectively presenting the scientific strengths and weaknesses of Darwinian theory. Students should be protected from being harassed, intimidated, or discriminated against for expressing their views about the scientific strengths and weaknesses of Darwinian theory in an appropriate manner.[50]
Casey Luskin, program officer for public policy and legal affairs at Discovery Institute, is the contact person for the campaign's Model Academic Freedom Statute on Evolution.[50]
Campaigns to link evolution to Nazism and eugenics
In his 2004 book From Darwin to Hitler, Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics and Racism in Germany, Discovery Institute fellow
Darwinism by itself did not produce the Holocaust, but without Darwinism, especially in its social Darwinist and eugenics permutations, neither Hitler nor his Nazi followers would have had the necessary scientific underpinnings to convince themselves and their collaborators that one of the world's greatest atrocities was really morally praiseworthy. Darwinism – or at least some naturalistic interpretation of darwinism – succeeded in turning morality on its head.
This conclusion is however controversial, with professor of history at the
This picture of the Holocaust as the outcome of a 'culture war' between religion and science leads to serious distortions on both sides. The 'Judeo-Christian' worldview is unproblematically associated here with many beliefs – such as opposition to birth control, legalized abortion, and assisted suicide--that many believing Christians and Jews would reject. And 'Darwinism' is equated with a hodgepodge of ideas about race, politics, and social issues. If all these ideas were to fall into well-deserved obsolescence, this would in no way detract from the validity of Darwin's contributions to modern biological science. Neither religion nor science is well served by this oversimplified view of their complex history.
Campaign to discredit the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District decision
For deciding whether intelligent design is science
David K. DeWolf, John G. West and Casey Luskin, senior fellows or officers of the Discovery Institute, argued that intelligent design is a valid scientific theory, that the Jones court should not have addressed the question of whether it was a scientific theory, and that the decision will have no effect on the development and adoption of intelligent design as an alternative to standard evolutionary theory.[56] Peter Irons responded to the DeWolf et al. article, arguing that the decision was extremely well reasoned, and that it marks the end to legal efforts by the intelligent design movement to introduce creationism in public schools.[57] DeWolf et al. responded to the Irons article in the same issue.[58]
"Study" criticizing Judge Jones
The Discovery Institute and its fellows published several articles describing a "study" performed by the Discovery Institute criticizing the judge in the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial. It claims that "90.9% of Judge Jones' [opinion] on intelligent design as science was taken virtually verbatim from the ACLU's proposed 'Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law' submitted to Judge Jones nearly a month before his ruling."[59] The study, though making no specific allegations of wrongdoing, implies that Judge Jones relied upon the plaintiff's submissions in writing his own conclusions of law.
Within a day, the president of the York County Bar Association wrote that parties are required by the courts to submit findings of fact and "a judge can adopt some, all or none of the proposed findings." She added that in the final ruling, a judge's decision "is the judge's findings and it doesn't matter who submitted them". A partner in a York law firm said that "Any attempt to make a stink out of it is absurd."[60]
Several commentators described a number of critical flaws in the study from both a numerical and legal standpoint.
A subsequent review of the study performed by
"Intelligent design is not creationism"
One of the principal rationales behind intelligent design's neo-creationist strategy is to separate intelligent design from previous, more explicitly religious, forms of creationism, and the legal defeats that prohibit them from public school science classrooms. For this reason, the Discovery Institute (and its supporters) make frequent and vehement denials of any connection between intelligent design and creationism. These denials are at times bitter and abrasive, for example:
[John Derbyshire] still can't understand the obvious differences between creationism and intelligent design, continually conflating the two and looking like an ill-informed crank.
— Robert Crowther, Discovery Institute, Is It Really Intelligent Design that has the Great Derb Worried?, Evolution News & Views[64]
However this assertion has been refuted both in court and academia. In Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Judge John E. Jones III found that "the overwhelming evidence at trial established that intelligent design is a religious view, a mere re-labeling of creationism, and not a scientific theory."[65] Numerous books have been written by prominent academics documenting intelligent design as a form of creationism, e.g.:
- Creationism's Trojan Horse – The Wedge of Intelligent Design by Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross
- The Creationists, From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design by Ronald Numbers
- Tower of Babel: The Evidence Against the New Creationism by Robert T. Pennock
Petition campaigns
The Discovery Institute has created a number of petitions to give the impression that there are widespread doubts about the Theory of Evolution among scientists and scientifically-literate professionals. These petitions include
Physicians and Surgeons who Dissent from Darwinism
Physicians and Surgeons who Dissent from Darwinism is a petition promoting
The document itself has been the subject of controversy and extensive criticism from a variety of sources. The statement in the document has been branded as poorly worded, misleading and vague.
Statement
The medical doctors and comparable professionals are signatories to a statement which disputes evolution, which they refer to as "Darwinian macroevolution" or "Darwinism", which are both misleading terms. The statement that the organization subscribes to is titled "Physicians and Surgeons who Dissent from Darwinism" and contains the following text:
"We are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the origination and complexity of life and we therefore dissent from Darwinian macroevolution as a viable theory. This does not imply the endorsement of any alternative theory."
Evolutionary synthesis and the theory of evolution state that random mutation leads to inherited traits that become more or less common due to non-random natural selection and random genetic drift, as well as other mechanisms. Therefore, the PSSI statement is overly vague and worded in a misleading fashion, since few real evolutionary biologists would subscribe to the version of evolution presented by the statement.[67] Evolution does not include the study of the origin of life, as the statement implies.
The wording of this statement is very similar to the wording of the Discovery Institute's petition, "A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism", which has been widely criticized for being inaccurate and misleading.[68][69][70][71]
History
The
The PSSI invites holders of the
Analysis
The statement is similar to the one of the A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism of the Discovery Institute which has come under extensive criticism from a variety of sources as misleading, poorly phrased and containing only a tiny fraction of professionals in relevant fields.
Statement of "A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism":
We are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the complexity of life. Careful examination of the evidence for Darwinian theory should be encouraged.
The value of the opinions of
The compiled list of medical professionals is available on the Internet, where each signatory is listed three times: by last name, by country and by specialty. Most of the doctors who signed the statement are from the United States. As of May 22, 2007 there were 224 signatories from the United States, two signatories from Australia, four signatories from Canada, eight signatories from the United Kingdom and another 14 from nine other countries. However, this figure should be expected to rise, based on a poll of 1472 US physicians conducted by the "Louis Finkelstein Institute for Social and Religious Research" at the Jewish Theological Seminary and HCD Research in Flemington, New Jersey, from May 13–15, 2005. This study showed that 34% of physician respondents felt more comfortable with intelligent design than evolution.[75][76] include doctors trained or working in a wide range of disciplines, including,
The American Medical Association estimates that in 2006, there were more than 884,000 physicians in the United States.[77] In addition, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated that in May 2003 the US had 97,090 dentists, 63,780 opticians, 22,740 optometrists and 43,890 veterinarians.[78]
Therefore, the total number of US professionals in the fields represented by the "Physicians and Surgeons for Scientific Integrity" Dissent petition is at least 1,111,500. That is, the 224 US signatories of the statement represent approximately 0.02% of the total number of US professionals in these fields.
Stand Up For Science
The Stand Up For Science campaign originated in July 2006 leading up to the showdown in the Kansas Board of Education that began with Kansas evolution hearings, which was also driven by the Discovery Institute.[79] The Institute's online petition and Stand Up For Science website where one could sign the petition were prominent features of the campaign. During the period leading up to the Kansas evolution hearings the Institute ran a number radio and print ads across Kansas incorporating many of its slogans, such as "Teach the Controversy", "Free Speech on Evolution", and "Critical Analysis of Evolution", and directing readers and listeners to the Discovery Institute website. As the Kansas debate over the teaching of evolution wound down in Fall 2006 after the conservative Republicans who approved the Critical Analysis of Evolution classroom standards lost their majority in a primary election and the moderate Republicans and Democrats vowed to overturn Discovery Institute-influenced 2005 school science standards and adopt those recommended by a State Board Science Hearing Committee that were rejected by the previous board, the Institute shifted the focus of The Stand Up For Science campaign from Kansas to Texas.
The scientific and science education communities reacted to campaign by saying that it was a misinformation campaign. Nick Matzke described the campaign's support for science as "irony-meter-busting".[80] In response to the campaign Kansas biology teacher Jeremy Mohn founded the competing website, Stand Up for REAL Science.[81]
Theistic evolution
On May 26, 2009, the Discovery Institute announced a new website, FaithandEvolution.Org.[82] The site attacks theistic evolution, and New Scientist suggests that it is in response to Francis Collins' recent launch of the BioLogos Institute to promote theistic evolution.[83]
Criticism
Every leading scientific professional organization has through position statements unequivocally endorsed evolution as a widely accepted and well-proven theory.
Critics say that the Institute is conducting a deliberate
In one of a series of articles in
The intelligent design (ID) movement has long labored to inculcate two mutually exclusive falsehoods in the minds of the public: A) that ID is a purely scientific theory that has nothing to do with religion; and B) that any objection to ID is evidence of bias and discrimination against religion.
— Ed Brayton, The Richard Sternberg Affair[93]
See also
References
- ^ Understanding the Intelligent Design Creationist Movement: Its True Nature and Goals. A Position Paper from the Center for Inquiry, Office of Public Policy Archived June 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Barbara Forrest. May, 2007.
- ^ Dean, Cornelia; Goodstein, Laurie (9 July 2005). "Leading Cardinal Redefines Church's View on Evolution". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "The Role of Darwinism in Nazi Racial Thought" (PDF). csustan.edu. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "From Darwin to Hitler". Richard Weikart. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "Senior Fellow Richard Weikart responds to Sander Gliboff". Discovery Institute. 10 October 2004. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ISSN 0036-8733. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
- ^ a b The Journal of Modern History (March 2006)
- ^ "Anti-Evolution Film Misappropriates the Holocaust" (Press release). New York: Anti-Defamation League. April 29, 2008. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-01-08.
- ^ "Dissent From Darwinism "Goes Global" as Over 600 Scientists Around the World Express Their Doubts About Darwinian Evolution". evolution news. 21 June 2006. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- S2CID 31403131.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Kroll, Andy (September 15, 2017). "New Mexico Doesn't Want Your Kids to Know How Old the Earth Is". Mother Jones.
- ^ a b Wedge Document Discovery Institute, 1999.
- ISBN 978-0-19-515742-0.
- ^ The New Creationists Archived 2006-12-30 at the Wayback Machine, Nina Shapiro, Seattle Weekly, April 18, 2001
- ^ President Bush's Support for Free Speech on Evolution and Intelligent Design Draws Praise From Discovery Institute – press release, August 2, 2005.
- ^ Key Resources for Parents and School Board Members Discovery Institute, September 21, 2005.
- ^ The evolution of creationism, Gordy Slack, Salon Archived 2010-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Intelligent Design Creationism and Its Critics: Philosophical, Theological, and Scientific Perspectives Robert T. Pennock. MIT Press, 2001. p. 322.
- ^ Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, p89
- ^ a b c d Free Speech on Evolution Campaign Main Page Archived 2006-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Discovery Institute, Center for Science and Culture.
- ^ Thought Police Try To Stifle Academic Freedom at Iowa State University Discovery Institute. September 1, 2005.
- ^ While we're at it, let's also fire the math teachers who can't do algebra Archived May 21, 2006, at the Wayback Machine PZ Myers. Pharyngula (blog), August 1, 2005.
- ^ a b Free Speech on Evolution Campaign Page 2 Archived 2007-06-25 at the Wayback Machine Discovery Institute, Center for Science and Culture.
- ^ "Science in the classroom, or creationism?". Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- The Oakland Tribune, Mar 28, 2003
- ^ Professor Dumped Over Evolution Beliefs Archived 2007-01-22 at the Wayback Machine, Jim Brown and Ed Vitagliano, AgapePress, March 11, 2003
- S2CID 4390405.
- ^ Darwin Goes to Church Archived 2007-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, Henry G. Brinton, Washington Post, September 18, 2005
- ^ One Long Article: Washington Post Highlights Persecution of Caroline Crocker Archived 2007-10-04 at the Wayback Machine, Evolution News & Views, Discovery Institute
- ^ Baylor episode is getting wider circulation Archived 2007-12-30 at the Wayback Machine, Pharyngula (blog)
- ^ Baylor U. Removes a Web Page Associated With Intelligent Design From Its Site, The Chronicle of Higher Education
- ^ William Dembski Addresses Forthcoming Intelligent Design Research that Advances ID and Answers Critics, Evolution News & Views, Discovery Institute
- ^ Crisis averted, Mark Bergin, World Magazine
- ^ "Expelled Press Release" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
- ^ Bush Remarks On 'Intelligent Design' Theory Fuel Debate Peter Baker, Peter Slevin. Washington Post, August 3, 2005.
- ^ A Country Ruled by Faith Garry Wills. The New York Review of Books, November 16, 2006.
- ^ Holocaust Denier Led the Charge Against Academic Freedom on Evolution in Alabama Casey Luskin. Discovery Institute, Evolutionnews.org.
- ^ Bush Praised for Defending Free Speech on Theory of Life's Origin Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine Jim Brown. AgapePress, American Family Association, August 5, 2005.
- ^ President Bush calls for teaching Intelligent Design in schools Good News Magazine. Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ While we're at it, let's also fire the math teachers who can't do algebra PZ Myers. Pharyngula (blog). August 01, 2005.
- ^ Letter to the St. Petersburg Times on ID Poll Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine Wesley R. Elsberry. The Panda's Thumb. January 1, 2006.
- ^ Banned Book of the Year: Of Pandas and People, John West, Evolution News & Views, Discovery Institute
- ^ Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District/6:Curriculum, Conclusion
- ^ The silliest thing I've heard all week: ACLU book banning Archived 2008-07-25 at the Wayback Machine, Nick Matzke, The Panda's Thumb
- The Austringer, November 21, 2007.
- ^ "The "banning" of Pandas – A final (I hope) update". Archived from the original on February 10, 2012.
- ^ Design of Life, Evolution News & Views, Discovery Institute
- ^ Banned Item of the Year: Dr. Robert Marks' Evolutionary Informatics Website, Evolution News & Views, Discovery Institute
- ^ "The Evolutionary Informatics Lab". www.EvoInfo.org.
- ^ a b c "Academic Freedom Petition". Free Science.
- ^ Evolution's Critics Shift Tactics With Schools, Stephanie Simon, The Wall Street Journal, May 2, 2008
- ^ Bill Analysis and Fiscal Impact Statement Archived 2008-09-10 at the Wayback Machine, The Professional Staff of the Education Pre-K–12 Committee, Florida Senate, March 26, 2008
- ^ [1], Robert Crowther, Evolution News & Views, Discovery Institute, February 7, 2008
- ^ "WHOIS information for: academicfreedompetition.com". Archived from the original on 2011-05-18. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
- ^ "Brian Gage Design | Portfolio". www.briangagedesign.com.
- ^ Intelligent Design Will Survive Kitzmiller v. Dover Archived 2007-12-01 at the Wayback Machine, David K. DeWolf, John G. West, and Casey Luskin, University of Montana Law Review, Volume 68, Number 1, May 4, 2007.
- ^ Disaster in Dover: The Trials (and Tribulations) of Intelligent Design, Peter Irons, University of Montana Law Review, Volume 68, Number 1, April 27, 2007. Archived December 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rebuttal to Irons Archived December 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, David K. DeWolf, John G. West, and Casey Luskin, University of Montana Law Review, Volume 68, Number 1, April 27, 2007.
- ^ A Comparison of Judge Jones' Opinion in Kitzmiller v. Dover with Plaintiffs' "Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law" (pdf) John G. West and David K. DeWolf. Discovery Institute, December 12, 2006.
- ^ Judges' wording often borrowed, Rick Lee, The York Daily Record, December 12, 2006. Access requires registration
- ^ New criticism for Dover intelligent design ruling Archived 2013-12-17 at the Wayback Machine Christina Kauffman. The York Dispatch, December 12, 2006.
- ^ Text Comparison source documents, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District Archived December 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Wesley Elsberry.
- The Austringer, 31 Jan 2007
- ^ Is It Really Intelligent Design that has the Great Derb Worried?, Robert Crowther, Evolution News & Views, Discovery Institute
- ^ Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District p43
- ^ Understanding the Intelligent Design Creationist Movement: Its True Nature and Goals: A Position Paper from the Center for Inquiry, Office of Public Policy Archived 2011-05-19 at the Wayback Machine Barbara Forrest, Center for Inquiry, Office of Public Policy, May, 2007.
- ^ Scienceblogs, May 8, 2006.
- ^ Doubting Darwinism through Creative License Archived 2008-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, Skip Evans, National Center for Science Education, 29 November 2001
- ^ Few Biologists But Many Evangelicals Sign Anti-Evolution Petition Archived 2008-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, Kenneth Chang, The New York Times, February 21, 2006 (paid subscription required, text available at Skeptical News)
- Time-Blog, February 21, 2007.
- ^ Wedging Creationism into the Academy Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Barbara Forrest, Glenn Branch, Academe Online, American Association of University Professors, May, 2005.
- ^ Medical Doctors a Fast Growing Segment of Darwin Doubting Science Professionals, Robert Crowther, Evolution News and Views, Discovery Institute, July 30, 2007.
- Scienceblogs, February 18, 2007 9:44 am
- Scienceblogs, February 24, 2007 10:38 am.
- ^ Majority of Physicians Give the Nod to Evolution Over Intelligent Design Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine, HCD Research press release, May 23, 2005
- ^ "Data from HCD and Finkelstein Institute study of physician attitudes to evolution". Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2011-06-10.
- ISBN 1-57947-682-1
- ^ May 2003 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates Healthcare Practitioner and Technical Occupations, US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- ^ New Public Education Effort on Evolution Encourages Citizens to Stand Up For Science, Stand Up For Kansas EvolutionNews.org, Discovery Institute. July 7, 2006
- ^ Kansas Primary Election, August 1 – Online Resources Archived 2008-11-20 at the Wayback Machine Nick Matzke. The Panda's Thumb, July 16, 2006.
- ^ "Stand Up for REAL Science". Archived from the original on 2010-08-06. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
- ^ Faith and Evolution: Friends or Foes? Find out at FaithandEvolution.Org, Robert Crowther, Evolution News and Views, Discovery Institute
- ^ Christians battle each other over evolution , Amanda Gefter, 28 May 2009, New Scientist
- ^ Statement on the Teaching of Evolution Archived February 21, 2006, at the Wayback Machine American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2006.
- National Academy of Sciences, 1999.
- ^ Ruling, Kitzmiller v. Dover page 83
- Kitzmiller v. Dover.
- ^ Finding the Evolution in Medicine Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine, Cynthia Delgado, NIH Record, National Institutes of Health, Vol. LVIII, No. 15, July 28, 2006
- ^ "ID supporters present fallacious arguments, use dishonest rhetoric, and often present non-contemptuous responses as evidence that their theories are gaining acceptance." Leaders and Followers in the Intelligent Design Movement Archived 2007-06-12 at the Wayback Machine Jason Rosenhouse. BioScience, Vol. 53 No. 1, January 2003.
- ^ Political Animal, Intelligent Design Archived 2014-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Kevin Drum. Washington Monthly, March 24, 2004.
- ^ Politicized Scholars Put Evolution on the Defensive Jodi Wilgoren. The New York Times, August 21, 2005.
- ^ Anti-Evolutionism Archived December 12, 2005, at the Wayback Machine John Templeton Foundation.
- Skeptic magazine, April 17 2008
External links
- Discovery Institute – Center for Science and Culture
- Stand Up For Science A Discovery Institute campaign to influence the Kansas evolution hearings