Disease in ornamental fish

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Ornamental fish kept in aquariums are susceptible to numerous diseases. Due to their generally small size and the low cost of replacing diseased or dead fish, the cost of testing and treating diseases is often seen as more trouble than the value of the fish.

Nitrogen cycle

Due to the artificially limited volume of water and high concentration of fish in most

stresses on ornamental fish in a tank. Despite this, many diseases in captive fish can be avoided or prevented through proper water conditions and a well-adjusted ecosystem
within the tank.

Causes

Myxobolus cerebralis triactinomyxon
Henneguya zschokkei in salmon beard

Diseases can have a variety of causes, including

fish louse), viral disorders, metabolic disorders, inappropriate water conditions (insufficient aeration, pH, water hardness, temperature and ammonia poisoning
) and malnutrition.

External bacterial infections may cause spots or streaks on the body which appear red or orange

fungal infections" look like fungus but is actually a bacterial infection known as Columnaris
. These symptoms may include a white or gray film on the body.

Prevention

Disease cures are almost always more expensive and less effective than simple prevention measures. Often precautions involve maintaining a stable aquarium that is adjusted for the specific species of fish that are kept and not over-crowding a tank or over-feeding the fish. Common preventive strategies include avoiding the introduction of infected fish, invertebrates or plants by

water filters or pumps to circulate water can also increase stress to fish. Other stresses on fish and tanks can include certain chemicals, soaps and detergents, and impacts to tank walls causing shock waves
that can damage fish.

Treatment

In some cases the causes of an infection or disease will be obvious (such as fin rot), though in other cases it may be due to water conditions, requiring special testing equipment and chemicals to appropriately adjust the water. Isolating diseased fish can help prevent the spread of infection to healthy fish in the tank. This also allows the use of chemicals or drugs which may damage the nitrogen cycle, plants or chemical filtration of a properly-functioning tank. Other alternatives include short baths in a bucket that contains the treated water. Salt baths can be used as an

rock salt
. Gradually raising the temperature of the tank may kill certain parasites, though some diseased fish may be harmed and certain species can not tolerate high temperatures. Aeration is necessary since less oxygen is dissolved in warm water.

There are a number of effective treatments for many strains of

bacterial infections. Three of the most common are tetracycline, penicillin
and naladixic acid. Salt baths are another effective treatment.

See also

References

  • Chris Andrews (1988). The Manual of Fish Health. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
    ISBN 1-56465-160-6
    .
  • Adrian Exell; Burgess, Peter H.; Bailey, Mary Timney (29 May 1999). A-Z of Tropical Fish Diseases and Health Problems. New York, N.Y: Howell Book House.
    ISBN 1-58245-049-8
    .
  • Axelrod, Herbert R.; Dieter Untergasser (1989). Handbook of fish diseases. Neptune, NJ: T.F.H. Publications.
    ISBN 0-86622-703-2
    .
  • Fairfield, Terry (2000). A commonsense guide to fish health. Woodbury, N.Y: Barron's Educational Series.
    ISBN 0-7641-1338-0
    .


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