Dmitri Ivanenko
Dmitri Ivanenko | |
---|---|
Born | Gravitation | 29 July 1904
Institutions | Moscow State University |
Doctoral students | Arseny Sokolov Gennadi Sardanashvily |
Dmitri Dmitrievich Ivanenko (
Biography
Dmitri Ivanenko was born on July 29, 1904, in Poltava (present-day Ukraine), where he finished school, in 1920–1923 he studied at the Poltava Pedagogical Institute and began his creative path as a teacher of physics in middle school. Then D. D. Ivanenko studied at Kharkiv University, from which in 1923 he was transferred to Petrograd University. In 1926, while still a student, he wrote his first scientific works: with George Gamow on the Kaluza–Klein five-dimensional theory and with Lev Landau on the problems of relativistic quantum mechanics.
After graduating from the university, from 1927 to 1930 D. Ivanenko was a scholarship student and then a research scientist at the Physical Mathematical Institute of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. During these years he collaborated with Lev Landau, Vladimir Fock and Viktor Ambartsumian, later becoming famous. This was when modern physics, the new quantum mechanics, and nuclear physics were established.
In 1928, Ivanenko and Landau developed the theory of
In 1929, Ivanenko and Fock described the parallel displacement of spinors in curved space-time (the famous Ivanenko–Fock coefficients). Nobel laureate Abdus Salam called it the first gauge field theory.
In 1930, Ambartsumian and Ivanenko suggested the hypothesis of creation of massive particles (1930) which is a cornerstone of contemporary quantum field theory.
From 1929 to 1931 D. Ivanenko worked at the Ukrainian Physico-Technical Institute in Kharkiv, being the first director of its theoretical division. Ivanenko was one of organizers of the first Soviet theoretical conference (1929) and the new journal Physikalische Zeitschrift der Sowjetunion.
After returning to
In 1934 D. Ivanenko and
The realization of Ivanenko's far-reaching plans and hopes was interrupted, however. In 1935 he was arrested in connection with the
From 1943 and until the last days of his life, Professor Ivanenko was closely associated with the physics faculty of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University.
In 1943, D. Ivanenko and
The theme of Professor Ivanenko's postwar work was mesodynamics, theory of
In the 1960s, D. Ivanenko did intensive scientific, scientific-methodological, and organizational work on the development and coordination of gravitation research in USSR. In 1961, on his initiative the first Soviet gravitation conference, which initiated a series of Soviet, and later also Russian, gravitation conferences was organized. At the beginning of the 1960s D. D. Ivanenko was the organizer of the gravitation section of Ministry of Higher Institutes of Learning of the USSR, which lasted until the 1980s. He was a member of the International Gravitation Committee since its founding in 1959.
Theoretical physics has been enormously influenced by the seminar on theoretical physics organized by D. D. Ivanenko in 1944 that has continued to meet for 50 years under his guidance at the Physics Department of
In the 1970–80s, D. Ivanenko was concentrated on gravitation theory. His scientific team mainly developed different generalizations of Einstein's general relativity, including scalar-tensor gravitation theory, the hypothesis of quark stars, gravity with torsion, gauge gravitation theory and others. In 1985, D. Ivanenko and his collaborators published two monographs Gravitation and Gauge Gravitation Theory.
The scientific style of D. Ivanenko was characterized by great interest in ideas of frontiers in science where these ideas were based on strong mathematical methods or experiment.
Ivanenko died on December 30, 1994, at the age of 90. His sister, Oksana Ivanenko, was a children's writer and translator.
Scientific contributions
His outstanding achievements include:
- the Fock–Ivanenko coefficients of parallel displacement of spinors in a curved space-time (1929)[1]
- the Ambartsumian–Ivanenko hypothesis of creation of massive particles (1930)[2]
- the proton–neutron model of atomic nuclei (1932)[3]
- the first shell model of nuclei (1932, in collaboration with E. Gapon)[4]
- the first model of exchange nuclear forces (1934, in collaboration with Igor Tamm)[5]
- the prediction of synchrotron radiation (1944, in collaboration with I. Pomeranchuk)[6]
- the theory of hypernuclei (1956)[7]
- the hypothesis of quark stars (1965, in collaboration with D. Kurdgelaidze)[8]
- the gauge gravitation theory (1983, in collaboration with G. Sardanashvily)[9]
Dmitri Ivanenko published more than 300 scientific works including 6 monographs and 11 volumes edited.
Notes
- ^ Fock V., Iwanenko D., Géometrie quantique linéaire et déplacement paralléle, Compt. Rend. Acad Sci. Paris 188 (1929) 1470
- ^ Ambarzumian V., Iwanenko D., Les électrons inobservables et les rayons, Compt. Rend. Acad Sci. Paris 190 (1930) 582
- ^ Iwanenko, D. D., The neutron hypothesis, Nature 129 (1932) 798
- ^ Gapon E., Iwanenko D., Zur Bestimmung der isotopenzahl, Die Naturwissenschaften 20 (1932) 792–793
- ^ Iwanenko D., Interaction of neutrons and protons, Nature 133 (1934) 981–982
- ^ Iwanenko D., Pomeranchuk I., On the maximal energy attainable in betatron, Physical Review 65 (1944) 343
- ^ Ivanenko D., Lyul'ka V., Filimonov V., The theory of hypernuclei, Soviet Physics Uspekhi 2 (1959) 564
- ^ Ivanenko D., Kurdgelaidze D., Remarks on quark stars, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, 2 (1969) 13
- ^ Ivanenko D., Sardanashvily G., The gauge treatment of gravity, Physics Reports 94 (1983)
External links
- Bio of Dmitri Ivanenko (in Russ.)
- Dmitri Ivanenko's site
- Dmitri Ivanenko's site and publications at msu.ru
- "Dmitri Ivanenko. Scientific Biography." In: The People of Physics Faculty. Selected papers of the Journal "Soviet Physicist" (1998-2006)
- "Dmitri Ivanenko" (in honor of the 110th year anniversary) Science Newsletter, Issue 1 (2014) 16-17; arXiv:1607.03828
- G. Sardanashvily, "Dmitri Ivanenko - Soviet Physics Superstar: Unpublished Memoirs" (in Russ.) (URSS, Moscow, 2010) ISBN 978-5-397-00868-6
- The famous inscriptions of seven Nobel laureates on the walls of Ivanenko's office in Moscow State University
- B. Fernandez, Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus. A Sixty Year Journey 1896 — 1956, Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4614-4181-6.
- GRAVITY PARTICLES AND SPACE-TIME, the volume in honor of Dmitri Ivanenko Archived 2006-03-14 at the Wayback Machine