Aage Bohr
Aage Bohr | |
---|---|
Born | Copenhagen, Denmark | 19 June 1922
Died | 8 September 2009 Copenhagen, Denmark | (aged 87)
Alma mater | University of Copenhagen |
Known for | Geometry of atomic nuclei |
Parent(s) | Niels Bohr, Margrethe Nørlund |
Awards |
|
Scientific career | |
Fields | Nuclear physics |
Institutions | |
Thesis | Rotational States of Atomic Nuclei (1954) |
Aage Niels Bohr (Danish:
Starting from Rainwater's concept of an irregular-shaped liquid drop model of the nucleus, Bohr and Mottelson developed a detailed theory that was in close agreement with experiments.
Since his father, Niels Bohr, had won the prize in 1922, he and his father are one of the six pairs of fathers and sons who have both won the Nobel Prize and one of the four pairs who have both won the Nobel Prize in Physics.[2][3]
Early life and education
Bohr was born in Copenhagen on 19 June 1922, the fourth of six sons of the physicist Niels Bohr and his wife Margrethe Bohr (née Nørlund).[4] His oldest brother, Christian, died in a boating accident in 1934,[5] and his youngest, Harald, was severely disabled and placed away from the home in Copenhagen at the age of four.[6] He would later die from childhood meningitis.[7] Of the others, Hans became a physician; Erik, a chemical engineer; and Ernest, a lawyer and Olympic athlete who played field hockey for Denmark at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.[8][9] The family lived at the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, now known as the Niels Bohr Institute, where he grew up surrounded by physicists who were working with his father, such as Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, Yoshio Nishina, Wolfgang Pauli and Werner Heisenberg.[4] In 1932, the family moved to the Carlsberg Æresbolig, a mansion donated by Carl Jacobsen, the heir to Carlsberg breweries, to be used as an honorary residence by the Dane who had made the most prominent contribution to science, literature, or the arts.[10]
Bohr went to high school at Sortedam Gymnasium in Copenhagen. In 1940, shortly after the German occupation of Denmark in April, he entered the University of Copenhagen, where he studied physics. He assisted his father, helping draft correspondence and articles related to epistemology and physics.[4] In September 1943, word reached his family that the Nazis considered them to be Jewish, because Bohr's grandmother, Ellen Adler Bohr, had been Jewish, and that they therefore were in danger of being arrested. The Danish resistance helped the family escape by sea to Sweden.[11] Bohr arrived there in October 1943, and then flew to Britain on a de Havilland Mosquito operated by British Overseas Airways Corporation. The Mosquitoes were unarmed high-speed bomber aircraft that had been converted to carry small, valuable cargoes or important passengers. By flying at high speed and high altitude, they could cross German-occupied Norway, and yet avoid German fighters. Bohr, equipped with parachute, flying suit and oxygen mask, spent the three-hour flight lying on a mattress in the aircraft's bomb bay.[12]
On arrival in London, Bohr rejoined his father, who had flown to Britain the week before.
Career
In August 1945, with the war ended, Bohr returned to Denmark, where he resumed his university education, graduating with a master's degree in 1946, with a thesis concerned with some aspects of atomic stopping power problems.[4] In early 1948, Bohr became a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.[16] While paying a visit to Columbia University, he met Isidor Isaac Rabi, who sparked in him an interest in recent discoveries related to the hyperfine structure of deuterium. This led to Bohr becoming a visiting fellow at Columbia from January 1949 to August 1950.[4][17] While in the United States, Bohr married Marietta Soffer on 11 March 1950. They had three children: Vilhelm, Tomas and Margrethe.[17][18]
By the late 1940s it was known that the properties of
Upon his return to Copenhagen in 1950, Bohr began working with
Only after doing his Nobel Prize-winning research did Bohr receive his doctorate from the University of Copenhagen, in 1954, writing his thesis on "Rotational States of Atomic Nuclei".
In 1972 Bohr was awarded an honorary degree, doctor philos. honoris causa, at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, later part of Norwegian University of Science and Technology.[32] He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1980.[33] Bohr was also an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,[34] the American Philosophical Society,[35] and the United States National Academy of Sciences.[36]
In 1981, Bohr became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.[37]
Bohr's wife Marietta died on 2 October 1978.[18] In 1981, he married Bente Scharff Meyer (1926–2011).[38] His son, Tomas Bohr, is a professor of physics at the Technical University of Denmark, working in the area of fluid dynamics.[39] Aage Bohr died in Copenhagen on 9 September 2009.[28] He was survived by his second wife and children.[38]
Bohr's Nobel Prize medal was sold at auction in November 2011. It was subsequently sold at auction in April 2019 for $90,000.[40]
Notes
- ^ a b "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Nobel Prize FAQ". The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
- ^ "Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physics". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Aage N. Bohr – Biographical". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ Stuewer 1985, p. 204.
- ^ "Udstilling om Brejnings historie hitter i Vejle". ugeavisen.dk (in Danish). 11 April 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ Pais 1991, pp. 226, 249.
- Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Ernest Bohr". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ^ Pais 1991, pp. 322–333.
- ^ Rhodes 1986, pp. 483–484.
- ^ a b Jones 1985, p. 280.
- ^ Gowing 1964, pp. 248–249.
- ^ a b Hoddeson et al. 1993, p. 95.
- ^ Hoddeson et al. 1993, pp. 264–265, 308–309, 390–397.
- ^ a b "Bohr, Aage Niels". Institute for Advanced Study. Archived from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
- ^ a b Chang, Kenneth (10 September 2009). "Aage Bohr, Physicist's Son Who Won Nobel, Dies at 87". The New York Times.
- ^ a b "Marietta Bohr (Soffer) (1922–1978)". Geni.com. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ^ a b Bohr, Aage (11 December 1975). "Rotational Motion in Nuclei Nobel Lecture" (PDF). Copenhagen: The Niels Bohr Institute and Nordita. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- .
- ^ ISSN 0262-4079.
- .
- Mottelson, Ben R. (1953). "Collective and Individual-Particle Aspects of Nuclear Structure" (PDF). Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. 27 (16). Archived(PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- .
- .
- Kai M. Siegbahn (1981). Two pairs of fathers and sons have won Nobel Prizes in other fields: Hans von Euler-Chelpin (chemistry, 1929) and Ulf von Euler (medicine, 1970); and Arthur Kornberg (medicine, 1969) and Roger D. Kornberg(chemistry, 2006).
- OCLC 04312983. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ^ a b Anderson, Morten Garly (10 September 2009). "Nobelprisvinderen Aage Bohr er død ("Nobel Prize winner Aage Bohr has died")". Viden (in Danish). Archived from the original on 13 September 2009.
- ^ "Nobel Laureate Aage Bohr has died". Niels Bohr Institute. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ^ Zichichi, Antonino. "Aage Bohr". Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ^ "Rutherford medal recipients". Institute of Physics. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ^ "Honorary doctors at NTNU". Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
- ^ "Utenlandske medlemmer" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- ^ "Aage Niels Bohr". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ "Aage Bohr". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ "About Us". World Cultural Council. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ a b Close, Frank (14 September 2009). "Aage Bohr". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^ "Tomas Bohr". Technical University of Denmark. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded To Aage Niels Bohr 1975 UNC". Numis Bids. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
References
- OCLC 3195209.
- OCLC 26764320.
- ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3.
- ISBN 978-0-19-852049-8.
- ISBN 978-0-671-44133-3.
- Stuewer, Roger H. (1985). "Niels Bohr and Nuclear Physics". In ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3.
External links
- Aage Bohr on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1975 Rotational Motion in Nuclei
- Oral History interview transcript with Aage Bohr 23 & 30 January 1963, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives