Domestic robot
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A domestic robot is a type of
History
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People began to design robots for processing materials and construct products, especially during the Industrial Revolution in the period about 1760 to around 1840. This historical event marked a major turning point in history since people's living standard was greatly improved during that period. However, these robots cannot be considered as domestic robots. After the industrial robots were improved rapidly for over a hundred years since the Industrial Revolution, people started to consider the use of robots at home.[2]
One of the earliest domestic robots is called "HERO", which was sold during the 1980s. "Of all the educational and personal robots created during the 1980s the Heathkit HERO robots were by far the most successful and most popular."[3] There were four types of HERO robots created by Heathkit. The first model is called HERO 1. This model was used for educational purpose, and in order to fit the customer's demand, the second model, which was called HERO JR was generated for personal use. The last two generations are called HERO 2000 and the Arm Trainer. HERO 1, as an educational machine, had very good sensibility. It could gather information accurately and analyze this data. An improved generation of HERO 1 in educational purpose was HERO 2000 which "featured advanced programmability" and another generation, the Arm Trainer was for an industrial purpose and it was able to control the operation of full-scale industrial robots. However, the most important improvement of HERO 1 for the domestic robot is HERO JR. HERO JR was the first affordable, personal robot with a dynamic personality. People could use it to play songs, games, wake people up in the morning, notify important events, and even guard the home. As a private robot, people do not need program skills to operate the robot and if they want to re-program the robot, people can do it simply "with a home computer and optional RS-232 Accessory and BASIC Cartridge".[3]
Another prototype of the domestic robot was called "Topo", which was designed by Androbot Inc. and released in 1983. Its programming language allowed it to do geometric movements and perform tasks. However, it did not have a sensor so it could not receive the order and responded to the order correctly and thus it could not be considered as a real robot. To solve this problem, the second and third generation contained an infrared transmitter and could be controlled by a remote pad. For the last generation, Topo4 was featured by a text-to-speech processor. Although Topo4 was made, but it never went into production.
With these two prototypes of the domestic robot, the domestic robots became more and more accessible and affordable. By 2006 there were "3,540,000 service robots in use".[4]
Indoor robots
This type of domestic robot does chores around and inside homes. Different kinds include:
- floor-washing robots that clean floors with sweeping and wet mopping functions. Some use Swifferor other disposable cleaning cloths to dry-sweep, or reusable microfiber cloths to wet-mop.
- Within the ironing robots, Dressman is a mannequin to dry and iron shirts using hot air.[5] Other ones also includes mannequin for down parts (pants, trousers and skirts). More advanced ones (i.e. laundry-folding machines) fold and organizes the clothes, as Laundroid or FoldiMate (using image analysis and artificial intelligence), Effie (irons 12 items of clothing at once).
- Cat litter robots are automatic self-cleaning litter boxes that filter clumps out into a built-in waste receptacle that can be lined with an ordinary plastic bag.
- Robotic kitchens include Rotimatic (which makes rotis, tortillas, puris out of flour in just a few minutes), Moley Robotics MK1 and Prometheus delta robot.[6]
Security robots such as Knightscope have a night-vision-capable wide-angle camera that detects movements and intruders. It can patrol places and shoot video of suspicious activities, too, and send alerts via email or text message; the stored history of past alerts and videos are accessible via the Web. The robot can also be configured to go into action at any time of the day.[7]
Atlas is a robot built to perform in house task such as sweeping, opening doors, climbing stairs, etc.[8] Samsung has been presenting robot butler designs such as Handy and Care.[9]
Outdoor robots
A robotic lawn mower is a lawn mower that is able to mow a lawn by itself after being programmed. Once programmed, this invention repeats the operation by itself according to its programming. Robotic lawn mowers come with a power unit which may be an electric motor or internal combustion engine. This provides power to the robot and allows it to move itself and its cutting blades. There is also a control unit which helps the mower move. This unit also contains a memory unit which records and memorizes its operation programming. Its memorized route includes the length of travel in a given direction and turns angles. This allows the same lawn to be mowed repeatedly without having to reprogram. The steering unit acquires an operation signal and propels the lead wheel, which leads the mower, go guide along the programmed route.
Some models can mow complicated and uneven lawns that are up to three-quarters of an acre in size. Others can mow a lawn as large as 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2), can handle a hill inclined up to 27 degrees.[7]
There are also
Gutter-cleaning robots such as Looj use brushes and rubber blades to remove debris from rain gutters; users operate the device using a remote.[10]
A window-washing robot commonly uses two magnetic modules to navigate windows as it sprays the cleaning solution onto microfiber pads to wash them. It covers about 1,601 square feet (148.7 m2) per charge.[11]
Toys
Robotic toys, such as the well known Furby, have been popular since 1998. There are also small humanoid remote-controlled robots as well as electronic pets, such as robotic dogs. They have also been used by many universities in competitions such as the RoboCup.
Social robots
Social robots take on the function of social communication. Domestic humanoid robots are used by elderly and immobilized residents to keep them company.
Home-telepresence robots can move around in a remote location and let one communicate with people there via its camera, speaker, and microphone.
Network robots link
Robots built for therapy have been in production for quite some time now. Some of these uses can be for
In popular culture
In the Star Wars film series, robots of all shapes and sizes can be found assisting the humans with several tasks. C-3PO is a robot designed to assist humans in translation, and etiquette.[13]
Isaac Asimov's I, Robot and the 2004 film of the same name, featured domestic robots as a common feature, in daily routines and family lives.
Many cartoons feature robot maids, notably
The 2009 adaptation of
A vignette, shown at the end of the final episode of
In the 2008 film
The 2012 movie Robot & Frank featured a domestic robot, the story of the movie centered on an elderly man and his relationship with a caretaker robot.
See also
- Adaptable robotics
- Android (robot)
- Artificial intelligence
- Comparison of domestic robots
- Disability robot
- Dustbot
- Floor plans
- Fog computing
- Furby
- Gerontotechnology
- Google Home
- Home automation
- Home automation for the elderly and disabled
- House navigation system
- Humanoid robot
- Internet of things
- List of home automation topics
- Mobile robot
- Open hardware
- Personal robot
- Poo-Chi
- RoboSapien
- Robot kit
- Robotic arm
- Robotic mapping
- Robotics suite
- Service robot
- Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)
- Soft robotics
- Matter
References
- ^ "Executive Summary" (PDF). International Federation of Robotics. 2019. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
- ^ "25 Great Moments In Robotics History". Forbes. August 17, 2006. Retrieved 2019-04-15.
- ^ a b "HERO Robots".
- JSTOR 43152865.
- ^ "Twelve robots that have invaded American homes". Boston.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015.
the German conglomerate Siemens introduced a robot designed to iron shirts using hot air.
- ^ Robotic Kitchen - High Tech Cooking Robot Chef
- ^ PCWorld. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
- ^ Reynolds, Emily (2016-02-22). "The household robots who will do your chores". Wired UK.
- ^ Tibken, Shara (2021-01-11). "Samsung's Bot Handy is kind of like a first generation robot butler". CNET. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
- ^ "Twelve robots that have invaded American homes". Boston.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015.
The Looj, also by iRobot, addresses one of the most tedious aspects of owning a house: cleaning its gutters. Users operate the device using a remote.
- ^ Aamoth, Doug (August 16, 2013). "Winbot Window-Washing Robot: Like Roomba, but for Glass Windows". Time.
- ^ Network Robot Forum Archived October 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Salmon, Paul (December 2017). "What the Robots of Star Wars tell us about Automation". Phys.org.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Tetsuwan Atomu [Mighty Atom] - The Japanese Collections at the Library of Congress: Past, Present, and Future (September 20–October 16, 2010)". www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (June 26, 2008). "Droid story (Wall-E movie review)". Rogerebert.
External links
- Schumacher, Helene (30 July 2018). "Is this the end of household chores?". BBC Future.