Dominic Csák
Dominic Csák | |
|---|---|
rex iunior Stephen | |
| Reign | 1266 |
| Predecessor | Denis Péc |
| Successor | Benedict Balog |
| Died | after 1300 |
| Noble family | gens Csák |
| Spouse(s) | N Kőszegi (?) |
| Issue | Nicholas Stephen I Peter II |
| Father | Peter I |
Dominic from the kindred Csák (
Family
Dominic was born into the Dobóc (or Orbova) branch of the gens (clan) Csák as the son of Peter (I). Formerly, 19th-century genealogist Iván Nagy considered that Dominic belonged to the clan's Újlak branch.[1] He had three brothers, Michael, who served as ispán of Veszprém County in 1272,[2] Simon and possibly Beers.[3]
Dominic had three sons from his marriage with an unidentified noblewoman: Nicholas, Stephen (I) and Peter (II). All of them were first mentioned by contemporary records in 1280. Dominic's branch became extinct by the middle of the 14th century.[1] Some historians – including Renáta Skorka and Veronika Rudolf – considered that Dominic Csák is perhaps is identical with that Dominic, who (secondly?) married an unidentified daughter of the powerful lord Ivan Kőszegi. The existence of the latter is mentioned by Ottokar aus der Gaal's Steirische Reimchronik ("Styrian Rhyming Chronicle").[4]
Duke Stephen's partisan
The Dobóc branch possessed landholdings in Slavonia in the territory between the Drava and the Sava, mostly in Požega County. The family owned the settlements Dubovac (Dobóc) and Vrbova (Orbova) in the southeastern part of Slavonia. It is possible that Peter and his sons entered court service, when the child Stephen, as King Béla's elder son and heir, bore the title Duke of Slavonia from 1245 to 1257. Dominic and his brothers followed their lord Stephen to Transylvania then the Duchy of Styria, after he was installed as duke of those provinces in 1257 and 1258, respectively.[5]
Dominic first appeared in contemporary records in 1262, when Duke Stephen already returned to Transylvania. In that year, his lord sent him as a special envoy to the royal court of Béla IV in order to inform the monarch of the birth of his grandson, prince Ladislaus (b. 5 August 1262). Therefore, and for other undisclosed merits, Dominic was granted the former landholdings of a certain Hippolytus, grandson of Mohor, who died without male descendants. The acquired lands lay in Valkó and Syrmia counties.[5] By that time, the relationship between Béla IV and his son Stephen became tense. In the same year (autumn 1262), a brief skirmish took place and Stephen forced his father to cede all the lands of the Kingdom of Hungary to the east of the Danube to him and adopted the title of junior king in December 1262. Despite, Dominic's lands were located in the territory of the senior king (Duchy of Slavonia), he remained an important partisan of Stephen. He was styled as cup-bearer of Stephen's court and ispán of Zemplén County in 1263 (according to a non-authentic charter, he already held the court dignity from the previous year).[6] He counter-signed the agreements between the two monarchs at Pressburg (today Bratislava, Slovakia) then Poroszló and acted as one of the oath-makers to the validity of the two documents in May 1263, when Stephen urged the papal confirmation of the treaty in his charter at the monastery of Szakoly.[7]
Dominic participated in Stephen's military campaign to
Sometime during or after the civil war, which resulted Stephen's victory, Dominic was installed as palatine of the younger king's realm, ispán of
Queen Elizabeth's confidant
Béla IV died on 3 May 1270. Stephen V ascended the Hungarian throne within weeks. In order to eliminate threat from the Kingdom of Bohemia and to stabilize of the domestic political situation, the newly crowned king reconciled with the former partisans of his late father, including Dominic and Michael Csák.[16] On 15 June 1270, in this spirit, Stephen V transcribed Béla's donation letter from the previous year (9 April 1269) to Michael, in which he confirmed him in the previous donation concerning Erdőcsokonya in Somogy County, but his diploma omit to mention Béla's other donations to Michael (e.g. Kisvid, Som, Kovácsi). Stephen extended the donation to Dominic and his descendants too. He also exempted Dominic, Michael and their descendants from the jurisdiction of the palatine and other barons, and placed them directly under the king's court or the judge royal.[16] Both Dominic and Michael remained supporters of the king for the remaining part of his short reign. When Ottokar II of Bohemia invaded Hungary in the spring of 1271, they fought against the Bohemians in the northern part of the county. Both of them were present in the decisive battle on the Rábca River on 21 May 1271, when Stephen routed Ottokar's army.[15] Dominic was made ispán of Valkó County prior to 1272.[17] Because of Michael's advances military service, the brothers were granted Karos in Zala County in August 1272, shortly before Stephen's death.[15]
During the reign of Stephen V, Dominic gradually became a confidant of queen consort Elizabeth the Cuman. When
In the subsequent years, Dominic remained a prominent member of the entourage of Queen Elizabeth, which, however, meant a political marginalization for him since the queen was soon expelled from real power and her regency remained only nominal after 1273. Dominic served as treasurer of Elizabeth's court throughout from around 1274 to 1280 with a brief interruption in 1276.
Last years
Following the assassination of Ladislaus IV in July 1290, his distant relative
Upon King Andrew's request, his mother, Tomasina Morosini, moved to Hungary in late 1292 or early 1293. Andrew appointed her Duchess of Slavonia to administer Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia. Dominic immediately entered her service. Already in 1293, he was styled as treasurer of the duchess' court and ispán of Valkó County.[24][17] He still belonged to Tomasina' entourage in 1296, when acted as a co-judge in the lawsuit between members of the Kórógyi family on behalf of the duchess.[25] If he is identical with Ivan Kőszegi's son-in-law, He fought in the Battle of Göllheim in July 1298, as a member of the Hungarian contingent, which was sent by Andrew III to support Albert against Adolf of Nassau.[4] He participated in that diet in July 1298, when Albertino Morosini, the king's uncle, was accepted into the Hungarian nobility.[25] Dominic was last mentioned as a living person in May 1300.[17]
References
- ^ a b Engel: Genealógia (Genus Csák 2., Dobóc [Orbova] branch)
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 227.
- ^ Karácsonyi 1901, p. 293.
- ^ a b Rudolf 2023, p. 510.
- ^ a b c d Karácsonyi 1901, p. 299.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, pp. 73, 235.
- ^ a b c Zolnay 1964, p. 96.
- ^ a b Szőcs 2014, p. 75.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 61.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, pp. 26, 128, 204.
- ^ Szőcs 2014, p. 78.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 100.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 112.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 132.
- ^ a b c d e f Karácsonyi 1901, p. 300.
- ^ a b Zsoldos 2007, p. 122.
- ^ a b c Zsoldos 2011, p. 220.
- ^ a b Kádár 2020, p. 54.
- ^ a b Zsoldos 2011, p. 70.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 75.
- ^ Karácsonyi 1901, p. 302.
- ^ Gutheil 1979, p. 228.
- ^ Zsoldos 2005, p. 153.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 76.
- ^ a b Karácsonyi 1901, p. 301.
Sources
- Gutheil, Jenő (1979). Az Árpád-kori Veszprém [Veszprém During the Age of Árpáds] (in Hungarian). Veszprém Megyei Levéltár. ISBN 9630111594.
- Kádár, Tamás (2020). "Az 1272. évi székesfehérvári "palotaforradalom" [The "Palace Revolution" of 1272 in Székesfehérvár]". Aetas (in Hungarian). 35 (2). AETAS Könyv- és Lapkiadó Egyesület: 49–65. ISSN 0237-7934.
- Karácsonyi, János (1901). A magyar nemzetségek a XIV. század közepéig. I. kötet [The Hungarian genera until the middle of the 14th century, Vol. 1] (in Hungarian). Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
- Rudolf, Veronika (2023). Közép-Európa a hosszú 13. században [Central Europe in the Long 13th Century] (in Hungarian). Arpadiana XV., Research Centre for the Humanities. ISBN 978-963-416-406-7.
- Szőcs, Tibor (2014). A nádori intézmény korai története, 1000–1342 [An Early History of the Palatinal Institution: 1000–1342] (in Hungarian). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Támogatott Kutatások Irodája. ISBN 978-963-508-697-9.
- Zolnay, László (1964). "István ifjabb király számadása 1264-ből [The Account of Younger King Stephen from 1264]". Budapest Régiségei. 21. Budapesti Történeti Múzeum: 79–114. ISSN 0133-1892.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2005). Az Árpádok és asszonyaik. A királynéi intézmény az Árpádok korában [The Árpáds and their Women: The Institution of Queenship in the Era of the Árpáds] (in Hungarian). MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 963-8312-98-X.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2007). Családi ügy: IV. Béla és István ifjabb király viszálya az 1260-as években [A family affair: The Conflict between Béla IV and Junior King Stephen in the 1260s] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-15-4.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.