Echium vulgare
Viper's bugloss | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Boraginales |
Family: | Boraginaceae |
Genus: | Echium |
Species: | E. vulgare
|
Binomial name | |
Echium vulgare |
Echium vulgare, known as viper's bugloss and blueweed,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the borage family Boraginaceae. It is native to most of Europe and western and central Asia[2][3] and it occurs as an introduced species in north-eastern North America, south-western South America and the South and North Island of New Zealand.[1][4] The plant root was used in ancient times as a treatment for snake or viper bites.[5] If eaten, the plant is toxic to horses and cattle through the accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the liver.[6][7]
Description
It is a
Distribution
It is native to Europe and temperate Asia. It has been introduced to
Cultivation
E. vulgare is cultivated as an ornamental plant, and numerous cultivars have been developed. The cultivar 'Blue Bedder' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[14][15]
Gallery
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Being pollinated byskipper butterflies
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Illustration
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Closeup of flower
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Colonizing the banks of a Montreal city highway
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White-tailed bumblebee
See also
- Monofloral honey
- North American nectar sources
References
- ^ a b Dickinson, T.; Metsger, D.; Bull, J.; & Dickinson, R. (2004) ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario. Toronto:Royal Ontario Museum, p. 203.
- ^ Flora Europaea: Echium vulgare
- ^ a b "Echium vulgare". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ^ "Echium vulgare L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Echium vulgare - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ "Guide to Poisonous Plants – College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences". csuvth.colostate.edu. Colorado State University. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- doi:10.4141/P01-058.
- ^ Graves, Melissa; Mangold, Jane; Jacobs, Jim. "Biology, Ecology and Management of Blueweed" (PDF). store.msuextension.org. Montana State University. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ Dorothy Hodges (1952). The pollen loads of the honeybee. Bee Research Association Ltd., London.
- ^ "Description and images of Echium vulgare (Hierba azul , Viborera , Ortiguilla), a native Chilean plant, provided by the supplier of native exotic Chilean seeds, Chileflora.com". www.chileflora.com. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
- ^ "Echium vulgare". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
- ^ "Common viper's bugloss: Echium vulgare (Lamiales: Boraginaceae): Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States". www.invasiveplantatlas.org. Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ Fitter, R. & A. (1974). The Wild Flowers of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echium vulgare 'Blue Bedder'". Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 35. Retrieved 24 January 2018.