Elcysma westwoodi
Elcysma westwoodi | |
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Male in Kōka, Shiga Prefecture | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Zygaenidae |
Genus: | Elcysma |
Species: | E. westwoodi
|
Binomial name | |
Elcysma westwoodi (
Vollenhoven , 1863) | |
Synonyms | |
Agalope westwoodii Vollenhoven, 1863 |
Elcysma westwoodi (often spelled Elcysma westwoodii), commonly known as the white-tailed zygaenid moth, is a species of moth in the burnet moth family
The white-tailed zygaenid is particularly known for its status as an
Elcysma westwoodi is known as ウスバツバメ, usuba-tsubame in the Japanese language. The Japanese common name alludes to the swallow, of which the moth's hindwings resemble the tails of. In Korean, it is known as 벚나무모시나방, beojnamumosinabang. The Korean common name refers to its status as an agricultural pest of the cherry tree.
Description
Adults have a wingspan of 60 millimetres (2.4 in).
Male moths have a pair of genital
Female moth abdomens in the seventh and eighth abdominal segment of E. westwoodi are sclerotized, or made further robust by the addition of sclerotin. It was likely that they evolved to be more smooth and difficult for males to grasp onto during mating.[8] Females can be externally identified by their antennae, which lack the comb-like structure that the males antennae have, and instead appear smooth due to their shorter bristles.[2][9]
Life history
Elcysma westwoodi display
Studies by Koshio et al. found that females preferred males with symmetrical antennae and claspers. E. westwoodi males, in addition to males of a
Larvae feed on the following hostplants:
The larvae are often seen in the vicinity of parks due to their diet of cherry foliage.
Pupae are often attached to the
Adult moths emerge between the months of late September and early October.[4] The moths are diurnal, and fly during the daytime.[10][8] Adults engage in a dainty and weak flight.[2] Moths fly in small groups during the mating period, attracted by pheromones emitted by the female moth.[6] After mating and laying eggs, the adult moths die.[13]
Interactions with humans
The larvae of Elcysma westwoodi is considered "the most damaging
Predators and parasites
Elcysma westwoodi was found to be preyed upon by
Studies from Cho et al. found that Hymenopterans parasitized 68.9% of the sampled larvae, while Dipterans parasitized the remaining 31.1%. Of the 926 larvae sampled, only 45, or 4.86% were parasitized.[18]
In addition to being preyed upon by endoparasitic wasps and flies, the larvae are preyed upon by predators such as reduviid bugs like Agriosphodrus dohrni.[19]
Distribution
Elcysma westwoodi is found on
In Japan, it is found throughout the islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu.[1] It is restricted to the western portion of the Japanese archipelago.[2] Despite its diet of cherry trees, a national symbol of Japan and commonly planted, it is fairly uncommon[22] and the moth is mostly found in the Kansai region.[4] In Korea, it inhabits the central and southern portions of the Korean peninsula.[23] In Russia, it is found in Primorsky Krai.[21]
The nominate subspecies westwoodi is found on the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsula.[23] The subspecies caudata is found in the Russian Far East.[21]
Habitats
It is found in flatlands and mountainous areas.[22]
Taxonomy
Elcysma westwoodi was originally described by
There are a total of three or four subspecies known [per Mindat.org:[26]]
- Elcysma westwoodi caudata Bremer, 1864
- Elcysma westwoodi eleganticauda Bryk, 1948
- Elcysma westwoodi westwoodi Vollenhoven, 1863
The following may be treated as a subspecies or a distinct species.
- Elcysma westwoodi dohertyi Elwes, 1890
Etymology
The species epithet honours John O. Westwood, curator of the Museum of Oxford and prominent entomologist.[24] There exists uncertainty among sources as to the proper spelling of the specific epithet, with some sources spelling it as "westwoodii". These include the European Nucleotide Archive,[27] the National Center for Biotechnology Information,[28] and Koshio et al..[10] This falls in line with Vollenhoven's original spelling of "westwoodii" in his original description. However it is spelled as "westwoodi" by the Catalogue of Life,[29] Mindat.org,[26] the Encyclopedia of Life,[30] and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.[31]
Elcysma westwoodi is often known as the white-tailed zygaenid moth in English.[10] The English common name refers to the tails typical to moths in the genus Elcysma, a member of the family Zygaenidae. It is additionally referred to as the Tailed Zygaenid in English.[5][32]
The Japanese language common name for the white-tailed zygaenid moth is ウスバツバメ, usuba-tsubame,[32] or ウスバツバメガ, usuba-tsubamega. The epithet tsubame, meaning swallow, comes from the shape of the hind wings, which resemble the tails of a swallow bird.[2][4] The Korean language common name is 벚나무모시나방, beojnamumosinabang, meaning "cherry tree moth," alluding to its larval diet of cherry leaves.[23]
References
- ^ a b c d "ウスバツバメガ Elcysma westwoodii westwoodii (Vollenhoven, 1863)". An Identification Guide of Japanese Moths Compiled by Everyone. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "ウスバツバメリサーチプロジェクト". ひとはくリサーチプロジェクト. Archived from the original on 2021-12-06. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- from the original on 2021-12-27. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
- ^ a b c d "ウスバツバメ、最盛期です!!【MMニュースNo.9】". 佐用町昆虫館オフィシャルブログ (in Japanese). 1 October 2021. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g "산림청 – 정보마당 > 용어해설". Korea Forest Service. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e "봄철 벚나무 잎 먹어 치우는 '벚나무모시나방' 방제 – 아파트관리신문". 아파트관리신문 (in Korean). 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ a b "ウスバツバメ". www.g-hopper.ne.jp. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ a b c "ウスバツバメガ(ウスバツバメ)・ミノウスバ…北摂の生き物". www.hokusetsu-ikimono.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ Bae, Joo-han (14 September 2021). "벚나무모시나방". picpen.chosun.com (in Korean). Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ a b Hong, Sungchan. "영종일대 산림,벚나무 모시나방 애벌레 확산". cunews.net. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ a b c "벚나무모시나방". www.indica.or.kr. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ "ウスバツバメガ". 昆虫エクスプローラ. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "ウスバツバメガ". イモムシ・ケムシの専門サイト. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d Lee, Woo-sa (14 September 2021). "울산태화강국가정원 왕벚나무, 모시나방에 '몸살'". 울산일보 Ulsan Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ a b Jeong, Se-Hong (21 May 2021). "울산태화강국가정원 모시나방 애벌레 전쟁". 경상일보 (in Korean). Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ "ウスバツバメガ". insects.life.coocan.jp. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ "ウスバツバメ". SYARANCHU. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ a b c "Elcysma westwoodi, color image". Collection of Siberian Zoological Museum. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ a b "ウスバツバメ". [公式]石川流域生きものミュージアム・雨ふる大地の水辺保全ネットワーク (in Japanese). 28 June 2020. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ a b c "벚나무모시나방". (사)곤충자연생태연구센터. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ a b van Vollenhoven, Snellen (1863). Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Lépidoptères des Indes Orientales. Vol. 6. Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. pp. 136–137. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ Tremewan, W. Gerald (28 May 1973). A catalogue of the genus-group names of the Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera). Vol. 28. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Elcysma westwoodi". Mindat.org. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ "Elcysma westwoodii". www.gbif.org. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ "Taxonomy browser (Elcysma westwoodii)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ "Elcysma westwoodi Vollenhoven, 1863 | COL". Catalogue of Life. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ "Elcysma westwoodi Vollenhoven 1863 – Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ "Elcysma westwoodi Vollenhoven, 1863". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ^ a b "조경수의 병해충" (PDF). KoreaScience. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-06. Retrieved 2021-12-06.