Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina

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Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina
Eastern Orthodox)
Established1219 (as Eparchy of Hum)
CathedralCathedral of the Holy Trinity, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
LanguageChurch Slavonic
and Serbian
Current leadership
BishopDimitrije (Rađenović)
Map
Website
Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina

The Eparchy of Zahumlje, Herzegovina and the Littoral (

littoral region of southern Dalmatia in Croatia and a small part of Montenegro.[3]
Since 2018, the bishop of Zahumlje and Herzegovina has been Dimitrije Rađenović.

Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (white church with black roof) in Mostar
Church of the Holy Annunciation in Dubrovnik, Croatia

History

Ecclesiastical background

The region was under the Eastern Orthodox Metropolitanate of Dyrrachium, which in turn was under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople or the Archbishopric of Bar.[when?] In 1089, the see of Trebinje (Travunia) was briefly theoretically under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Bar. The territory was constantly in a feudal state of continuous religious wars between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox denominations long before the incursion of Islamic invaders.

Middle Ages

The

Lim
in the 1250s. From that time, the Eparchy of Hum was sometimes also called "Eparchy of Lim".

With the

Duchy of St. Sava to the Ottoman Empire (1482), the see was frequently moved, finally to settle in the Tvrdoš Monastery near Trebinje in 1508. Eventually, the eparchy was further divided into the Eparchy of Mileševa
.

Modern and contemporary history

In 1557,

Eparchy of Herzegovina was returned to its jurisdiction, with its bishops holding the honorary title of metropolitan.[4] In 1766, when the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć was abolished, Eparchy of Herzegovina and all other Serbian eparchies under Ottoman rule came under the jurisdiction of Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
. Bishops of Herzegovina kept their honorary title of Metropolitan, as was also the custom in the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

Hercegovačka Gračanica, in Trebinje, former temporary seat of the diocese.

The seat of metropolitan was transferred to

First World War in 1918, Eastern Orthodox bishops in Bosnia and Herzegovina reached a unanimous decision to enter the united Serbian Orthodox Church. The process of unification was completed in 1920 and since then the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina has remained part of the Serbian Orthodox Church.[5] The seat of the eparchy was the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Mostar. As of 2017, it is being rebuilt after being demolished during the Bosnian War
(1992–1995).

After the restoration of the Serbian Orthodox Church (1920), and with the Church Constitution (1931), diocese comprised the districts Mostar, Bileća, Gacko, nevesinje, Stolac, and Trebinje, the towns of Metković and Dubrovnik and the island of Korčula, the birthplace of Marco Polo. Districts of Foča and Čajniče were allotted to the Diocese of Dabar-Bosnia. Since the Serbian Orthodox Church integration of 1920, the bishops of Zahumlje and Herzegovina were Jovan Ilić (1926-1931), Simon Stanković (1932-1934), Tihon Radovanović (1934-1939), Nikolaj Jovanović (1940-1943), Longin Tomić (1951-1955) and Vladislav Mitrović (1955-1991). At the meeting of the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1992, Dr. Atanasije Jevtić was elected for the Bishop of the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina.

World War II

See also: Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

During World War II from 1941 to 1943 on the territory of the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina 19 churches were damaged or destroyed. Nine parish homes were either heavily damaged or totally destroyed. Twelve (12) libraries and 21 church archives were completely destroyed.

Serbia in the Yugoslav Wars

Also, during the breakup of Yugoslavia and the ensuing civil war of 1991-1993, the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina of all the Serbian Orthodox eparchies sustained the most damage. Twenty-four (24) churches were destroyed and 16 churches were heavily damaged, in addition to the monastery of Zavala. Three chapels were damaged or destroyed in their entirety. Two parish houses were destroyed, one mined and the other set on fire. Bishop's Palace in Mostar and the Bishop's house in Dubrovnik were destroyed, as well. Also, ten cemeteries were either destroyed or desecrated.

In Mostar, where the see of Zahumlje and Herzegovina was located, everything belonging to the Serbian Orthodox Church was destroyed. The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, constructed in 1873 at a time of occupation, between 7 and 8 June 1992, was shelled, and on 15 June (on the second day of the Pentecost) the belltowers were destroyed and the cathedral was set ablaze. Subsequently, the remaining walls were mined, and the monumental shrine was turned into rubble.

The old church built in the 16th century in honor of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, situated in the cemetery of Mostar, was also destroyed. The Bishop's Palace, built in the 19th century, was mined while the monastery of Zitomislic which suffered damages in World War II, also met the same fate in the war of 1991-1993. (The survey of damaged, destroyed and desecrated churches, monasteries, and other church buildings during the war of 1991-1993 was cited from the archives of the Museum of the Serbian Orthodox Church.)

Heads

  1. Ilarion (13th century)
  2. Metodije (13th century)
  3. Teodosije (13th century)
  4. Nikola (13th century)
  5. Sava (until 1264)
  6. Jevstatije (ca. 1305)
  7. Jovan I (ca. 1316)
  8. Danilo (1316–1324)
  9. Stefan I (1324)
  10. Mileševa (ca. 1377)
  11. David (ca. 1465)
  12. Jovan II (1508–1513)
  13. Visarion I (1509–1525)
  14. Maksim I (before 1532)
  15. Marko (1531–1534)
  16. Nikanor (1534–1546)
  17. Antonije (1570–1573)
  18. Savatije I (1573–1585)
  19. Visarion II (1590–1602)
  20. Silvestar (1602–1611)
  21. Simeon I (1613–1635)
  22. Savatije II (1635–1642)
  23. Maksim II (1643–1648)
  24. Pajsije (1648–1651)
  25. Arsenije I (1651)
  26. Vasilije (1651–1671)
  27. Simeon II (1671–1681)
  28. Savatije III (1681–1693)
  29. Nektarije (1693–1712)
  30. Melentije (1712–1713)
  31. Arsenije II (1715)
  32. Gerasim (1715–1727)
  33. Aksentije I (1727–1736)
  34. Filotej (1741–1741)
  35. Aksentije II (1751–1760)
  36. Stefan II (1763–1766)
  37. Antim (1766–1772)
  38. Likanije (1772–1802)
  39. Jeremija (1803–1815)
  40. Josif I (1816–1835)
  41. Prokopije I (1838–1848)
  42. Josif II (1848–1854)
  43. Grigorije I (1855–1860)
  44. Joanikije (1860–1864)
  45. Prokopije II (1864–1875)
  46. Ignjatije (1875–1888)
  47. Leontije (1888)
  48. Serafim (1889–1903)
  49. Petar (1903–1920)
  50. Jovan III Ilić (1926–1931)
  51. Simeon III Stanković (1932–1934)
  52. Tihon Radovanović (1934–1939)
  53. Nikolaj Jovanović (1939–1943)
  54. Longin Tomić (1951–1955)
  55. Vladislav Mitrović (1955–1991)
  56. Atanasije (1992–1999)
  57. Grigorije II (1999–2018)
  58. Dimitrije (2018–)

Monasteries

Tvrdoš Monastery
Duži Monastery

There are eight monasteries in the diocese:

See also

References

  1. ^ Blic online: Posle 18 godina Mostar ponovo sedište zahumske eparhije ("Mostar seat of the Diocese of Zahumlje again after 18 years"), 02 Jan 2011 (in Serbian)
  2. ^ Vesti online: Eparhija zahumsko-hercegovačka posle 20 godina u Mostaru ("Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina in Mostar after 20 years"), 31 Dec 2010 (in Serbian)
  3. ^ Official SPC site: Eparchies Links Archived 2021-07-24 at the Wayback Machine (in Serbian)
  4. ^ Sotirović 2011, pp. 143–169.
  5. ^ Kiminas 2009, pp. 22, 28.

Sources

External links
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