Trebinje
Trebinje
Требиње (Serbian) | |
---|---|
Grad Trebinje Град Требиње City of Trebinje | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Area code | +387 59 |
Website | www |
Trebinje (Serbian Cyrillic: Требиње, pronounced [trěːbiɲe]) is a city and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the southernmost city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is situated on the banks of the Trebišnjica river in the region of East Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 31,433 inhabitants. The city's old town quarter dates to the 18th-century Ottoman period, and includes the Arslanagić Bridge, also known as Perovića Bridge.
Geography
Physical geography
The city lies in the
Political geography
The Trebinje municipality is located in the most southern part of Republika Srpska and the municipalities of Bileća, Ljubinje and Ravno in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Trebinje municipality has an area of 904 km2 and makes up 3.68% of the total territory of the Republic of Srpska.
Climate
Trebinje experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with heavy precipitation, typical of the southern Adriatic coastal areas.
Climate data for Trebinje (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
33.5 (92.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
41.1 (106.0) |
42.5 (108.5) |
36.5 (97.7) |
31.5 (88.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
42.5 (108.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
14.3 (57.7) |
18.2 (64.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
28.0 (82.4) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.4 (88.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
20.2 (68.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
22.1 (71.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.1 (77.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) |
2.2 (36.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
6.5 (43.7) |
3.1 (37.6) |
10.0 (49.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −10.5 (13.1) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.4 (43.5) |
9.0 (48.2) |
10.0 (50.0) |
7.0 (44.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 153 (6.0) |
139 (5.5) |
153 (6.0) |
92 (3.6) |
76 (3.0) |
62 (2.4) |
47 (1.9) |
76 (3.0) |
149 (5.9) |
169 (6.7) |
217 (8.5) |
199 (7.8) |
1,532 (60.3) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 130 | 133 | 176 | 194 | 249 | 289 | 336 | 312 | 236 | 184 | 133 | 112 | 2,484 |
Source: World Meteorological Organization[1] |
History
Middle Ages
The town commanded the road from
In 1482, together with the rest of
Among noble families in the Trebinje region mentioned in Ragusan documents were Ljubibratić, Starčić, Popović, Krasomirić, Preljubović, Poznanović, Dragančić, Kobiljačić, Paštrović, Zemljić and Stanjević.[6]
Ottoman era
The hajduks in Herzegovina had in March 1655 carried out one of their greatest operations, raiding Trebinje, taking many slaves and carrying with them out much loot.[9]
On 26 November 1716, Austrian general Nastić with 400 soldiers and c. 500 hajduks attacked Trebinje, but did not take it over.
Ottoman rule lasted from 1466 until 1878. The Trebinje region suffered especially in the 16th century, mostly from the hand of uskoks of Senj and various hajduk bands.[11] The calmer period during the Ottoman rule was the 18th century.[11] The Serb elders from Trebinje, together with the people of Nikšić, planned a great uprising in the summer of 1805, under the influence of the First Serbian Uprising. Their project was suppressed by the Ottoman pasha and probably with the help from the local Slavic Muslims.[11]
The Christians of Trebinje, together with the Montenegrins, fought against Napoleon's troops and in several conflicts they managed to defeat the French troops, such as the knife fight which took place on 2–3 October 1806 leaving several thousands of French soldiers dead, after which the French withdrew for a while.[11]
Notable participants in the
During the
Austria-Hungary
With the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, many reforms took place. New administrative division was introduced and a large number of Austro-Hungarian troops were located in Trebinje, which was seen as a city of strategic value and position.[12] No factories or bigger investments were made in Trebinje during the AU rule.[12]
After the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Croat-Muslim volunteer corps (German: Schutzcorp) terrorized Serb civilians of Bogojevići and other villages in Trebinje, which resulted in 83 children killed and 85 adults hanged.[13] Those and related actions resulted in migrations of the local population to Serbia.[14]
During the period of Austro-Hungarian administration (1878–1918), several fortifications were built on the surrounding hills, and there was a garrison based in the town. The imperial administrators also modernized the town, expanding it westwards, building the present main street, as well as several squares, parks, schools, tobacco plantations, etc.
SFR Yugoslavia (1945–92)
Trebinje grew rapidly in the era of Josip Broz Tito's Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1945 and 1980. It especially developed its hydroelectric potential with dams, artificial lakes, tunnels, and hydroelectric plants. This industrial development brought a large increase in the urban population of Trebinje.
Bosnian War (1992–95)
Trebinje was the largest town in Serb-held eastern Herzegovina during the Bosnian War. It was controlled by Bosnian Serb forces from the fall of 1991, and was used as a major command and artillery base by Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) troops besieging the Croatian town of Dubrovnik. In 1992 Trebinje was declared the capital of the self-proclaimed Serbian Autonomous Region of Herzegovina (Serbian: Српска аутономна област Херцеговина). Bosniak residents were subsequently conscripted to fight with the JNA and if refused they were executed, and thus they fled the region.[15] Ten of the town's mosques were razed to the ground during the war.[16]
Settlements
Trebinje is one of two municipalities created from the former Yugoslav municipality of Trebinje of the 1991 census, the other being
- Aranđelovo
- Arbanaška
- Arslanagića Most
- Baonine
- Begović Kula
- Bihovo
- Bijelač
- Bijograd
- Bioci
- Bodiroge
- Bogojević Selo
- Borlovići
- Brani Do
- Brova
- Budoši
- Bugovina
- Cerovac
- Čvarići
- Desin Selo
- Diklići
- Djedići, Do
- Dobromani
- Dodanovići
- Dolovi
- Domaševo
- Donja Kočela
- Donje Čičevo
- Donje Grančarevo
- Donje Vrbno
- Donji Orahovac
- Dračevo
- Dražin Do
- Drijenjani
- Dubljani
- Dubočani
- Duži
- Glavinići
- Gojšina
- Gola Glavica
- Gomiljani
- Gornja Kočela
- Gornje Čičevo
- Gornje Grančarevo
- Gornje Vrbno
- Gornji Orovac
- Grab
- Grbeši
- Grbići
- Grkavci
- Grmljani
- Hum
- Janjač
- Jasen
- Jasenica Lug
- Jazina
- Jušići
- Klikovići
- Klobuk
- Konjsko
- Korlati
- Kotezi
- Kovačina
- Kraj
- Krajkovići
- Kremeni Do
- Krnjevići
- Kučići
- Kunja Glavica
- Kutina
- Lapja
- Lastva
- Lokvice
- Lomači
- Lug
- Lušnica
- Ljekova
- Ljubovo
- Marić Međine
- Mesari
- Mionići
- Morče
- Mosko
- Mrkonjići
- Mrnjići
- Necvijeće
- Nevada
- Nikontovići
- Ograde
- Orašje Popovo
- Orašje Površ
- Orašje Zubci
- Parojska Njiva
- Petrovići
- Pijavice
- Podosoje
- Podstrašivica
- Podštirovnik
- Podvori
- Poljice Čičevo
- Poljice Popovo
- Prhinje Pridvorci
- Prosjek
- Rapti Bobani
- Rapti Zupci
- Rasovac
- Sedlari
- Skočigrm
- Staro Slano
- Strujići
- Šarani
- Šćenica Ljubomir
- Taleža
- Todorići
- Trebijovi
- Tuli
- Tulje
- Turani
- Turica
- Turmenti
- Tvrdoš
- Ubla
- Ugarci
- Ukšići
- Uskoplje
- Uvjeća
- Veličani
- Velja Gora
- Vladušići
- Vlaka
- Vlasače
- Vlaška
- Volujac
- Vrpolje Ljubomir
- Vrpolje Zagora
- Vučija
- Zagora
- Zavala
- Zgonjevo
- Žakovo
- Ždrijelovići
- Željevo
- Župa
Demographics
According to the 2013 census results, the city of Trebinje has 31,433 inhabitants.
Population
Settlement | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2013 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 27,401 | 27,720 | 24,176 | 29,024 | 30,372 | 30,996 | 31,433 | |
1 | Bihovo | 658 | 305 | |||||
2 | Donje Čičevo | 258 | 497 | |||||
3 | Lastva | 523 | 368 | |||||
4 | Pridvorci | 419 | 632 | |||||
5 | Todorići | 121 | 260 | |||||
6 | Trebinje | 3,530 | 17,271 | 21,870 | 25,589 | |||
7 | Vrpolje Ljubomir | 73 | 278 |
Ethnic composition
2013 | 1991 | 1981 | 1971 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 25,589 (100,0%) | 21,870 (100,0%) | 17,271 (100,0%) | 3,530 (100,0%) |
Serbs | 22,344 (94%) | 14,915 (68,20%) | 9,489 (54,94%) | 1,788 (50,65%) |
Bosniaks | 676 (2,8%) | 4,228 (19,33%) | 3,039 (17,60%) | 1,211 (34,31%) |
Yugoslavs | 1,470 (6,722%) | 3,364 (19,48%) | 124 (3,513%) | |
Others | 549 (2,3%) | 910 (4,161%) | 158 (0,915%) | 51 (1,445%) |
Croats | 201 (0,8%) | 347 (1,587%) | 412 (2,386%) | 208 (5,892%) |
Montenegrins | 727 (4,209%) | 120 (3,399%) | ||
Albanians | 31 (0,179%) | 7 (0,198%) | ||
Macedonians | 29 (0,168%) | 2 (0,057%) | ||
Slovenes | 22 (0,127%) | 19 (0,538%) |
2013 | 1991 | 1981 | 1971 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 31,433 (100,0%) | 30,966 (100,0%) | 30 372 (100,0%) | 29,024 (100,0%) |
Serbs | 27,276 (93,42%) | 21,349 (68,94%) | 18,123 (59,67%) | 19,362 (66,71%) |
Bosniaks | 995 (3,408%) | 5,571 (17,99%) | 4,405 (14,50%) | 4,846 (16,70%) |
Others | 632 (2,165%) | 1 158 (3,740%) | 199 (0,655%) | 157 (0,541%) |
Croats | 295 (1,010%) | 1 246 (4,024%) | 2,309 (7,602%) | 3,350 (11,54%) |
Yugoslavs | 1 642 (5,303%) | 4,280 (14,09%) | 424 (1,461%) | |
Montenegrins | 865 (2,848%) | 776 (2,674%) | ||
Albanians | 119 (0,392%) | 59 (0,203%) | ||
Macedonians | 36 (0,119%) | 18 (0,062%) | ||
Slovenes | 22 (0,072%) | 32 (0,110%) | ||
Roma | 14 (0,046%) |
Culture
The
The Music & More SummerFest has recently become an annual tradition in Trebinje, spanning approximately two weeks in August. This vibrant event not only showcases concerts but also offers academies led by world-renowned classical musicians. The festival is held at a variety of venues, including the Amphitheater Crkvina, KCT culture center Trebinje, local music school, Villa Lastva, and the Museum of Herzegovina.[17]
Sports
The local football club,
Economy
The headquarters of Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske, which is the largest employer in Republika Srpska (as of 2016), is located in Trebinje. As of 2016, most of its economy is based on services.
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[18]
Activity | Total |
---|---|
Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 152 |
Mining and quarrying | 9 |
Manufacturing | 1,440 |
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 1,286 |
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 214 |
Construction | 362 |
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 1,157 |
Transportation and storage | 151 |
Accommodation and food services | 521 |
Information and communication | 134 |
Financial and insurance activities | 128 |
Real estate activities | 1 |
Professional, scientific and technical activities | 174 |
Administrative and support service activities | 136 |
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 972 |
Education | 635 |
Human health and social work activities | 601 |
Arts, entertainment and recreation | 124 |
Other service activities | 157 |
Total | 8,354 |
Transportation
Airport project
The plan for the Trebinje airport was resurrected in 2020 in the context of the RS-Serbia relations. The new airport will be built in the village of Mionići, some ten kilometres from Trebinje. It will feature a 3.5-kilometre runway, taxiways totalling 4.5 kilometres and a 7.000 square metre terminal building. The airport shall be in the full ownership of the Republic of Serbia, which will invest over EUR 50 million in its construction. Mladen Stanković, from the Niš Airport, was appointed head of the new airport management company. Works will be carried out by a consortium of Herzegovinian construction companies.[19] In September 2020, the RS passed a law on the special procedure of expropriation for the construction of the airport in Trebinje. First flights are expected by 2022, thought works at the airport will continue for up to 4 years.
Notable people
- philanthropist
- Mićo Ljubibratić, voivode
- Asmir Begović, football goalkeeper
- Beba Selimović, sevdalinka singer
- Boris Savović, basketball player
- Branislav Krunić, footballer
- Ivana Ninković, Olympic swimmer
- Nataša Ninković, actress
- Jovan Deretić, historian
- Jovan Dučić, poet and diplomat
- philanthropist
- Nebojša Glogovac, actor
- Uroš Đerić, footballer
- Semjon Milošević, footballer
- Igor Joksimović, footballer
- Nikolina Milić, WNBA player
- Siniša Mulina, footballer
- Srđan Aleksić, amateur actor
- Vladimir Gudelj, footballer
- Arnela Odžaković, karateka
- Vladimir Radmanović, NBA player, World champion
- Sabahudin Bilalović, basketball player
- Bogić Vučković, rebel leader
- Mijat Gaćinović, football player, World U-20 and European U-19 champion
- Marko Mihojević, footballer
- Tijana Bošković, volleyball player, World and European champion, silver medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics
- Momčilo Mrkaić, footballer
- Ratomir Dugonjić, politician
Gallery
-
Serb national costume, 19th century
-
Trebišnjica river in Trebinje
-
View of Orovac, village belonging to the municipality of Trebinje
-
Old Town
-
View from the hill
-
Old stone houses in Central street
-
Jovan Dučić street
-
Hotel Platani
-
Monument to the Liberators and 120 years old platans
-
Pedestrian area
-
Church in Trebinje
-
Nova Gračanica church
-
Spheric view of the interior of the Nova Gračanica church
-
Zavala monastery (founded in the 13th century) and the surrounding landscape
-
Osman-pasha's mosque
-
Monument dedicated toPetar II Petrović Njegoš
-
Bust of king Peter I of Serbia
-
Monument dedicated to Pavle, Serbian Patriarch
-
A fountain in the city
-
Drinkable spring water in Trebinje
References
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ^ Fine 1991, p. 206.
- ^ a b public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Trebinje". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 232. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ Muhamed Hadžijahić; (1985) Pitanje rasprostranjenosti Metodove nadbiskupije južno od Save (in Croatian) p.4; Croatica Christiana Periodica, Vol. 9 No. 15, [1]
- ^ Ivica Puljić, 2015, Sedam stoljeća otoka Mrkana u naslovu trebinjskih biskupa, https://hrcak.srce.hr/153752, #page= 91
- ISBN 9788677430078.
- ^ Bataković 1996, p. 33.
- ^ a b Ćorović, Vladimir (2001) [1997]. "Преокрет у држању Срба". Историја српског народа (in Serbian). Belgrade: Јанус.
- ^ Mihić 1975, p. 181.
- ^ a b c d e Mihić 1975, p. 196.
- ^ a b c d Храбак, Богумил (2005). "Требињски крај у време првог српског устанка". Трабуниа. 11.
- ^ a b Mirjanović, Zoran (2005). "Služba civilne zaštite u srezu Trebinjskom između dva svjetska rata". Trabunia. 11: 139–140.
- ^ Vidić, Velibor (2015). Suffering and compassion Valjevo hospital 1914-1915. Archive of Serbia. p. 11.
- ^ Vidić, Velibor (2015). Suffering and compassion Valjevo hospital 1914-1915. Archive of Serbia. p. 11.
- ^ Human Rights Watch 1993, p. 382.
- ^ Bose 2002, p. 156.
- ^ "2023 ARTIST FACULTY & RESIDENT MUSICIANS". Retrieved 24 September 2023.
- ^ "Cities and Municipalities of Republika Srpska" (PDF). rzs.rs.ba. Republika Srspka Institute of Statistics. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ Sarajevo Times
Sources
- Bataković, Dušan T. (1996). The Serbs of Bosnia & Herzegovina: History and Politics. Dialogue Association. ISBN 9782911527104.
- ISBN 978-0-19-515848-9.
- ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
- ISBN 978-1-56432-097-1.
- Mihić, Ljubo (1975). Ljubinje sa okolinom. Dragan Srnic.