Fulminate

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Fulminant or Cyanate.
Fulminate
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
239442
  • InChI=1S/CNO/c1-2-3/q-1 checkY
    Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1S/CNO/c1-2-3/q-1
    Key: USXDFAGDIOXNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [C-]#[N+][O-]
Properties
CNO−
Molar mass 42.018 g·mol−1
Conjugate acid
 Fulminic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Fulminates are

primary explosive in detonators. Fulminates can be formed from metals, such as silver and mercury, dissolved in nitric acid and reacted with ethanol. The weak single nitrogen-oxygen bond is responsible for their instability. Nitrogen very easily forms a stable triple bond
to another nitrogen atom, forming nitrogen gas.

Historical notes

Fulminates were discovered by

fulminate of mercury.[4][5] Joshua Shaw determined how to encapsulate them in metal to form a percussion cap
, but did not patent his invention until 1822.

In the 1820s, the organic chemist

Jöns Jakob Berzelius through the concept of isomers.[6]

Compounds

See also

Look up fulminate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • The cyanate (-OCN) and isocyanate (-NCO) groups have a related structure.
  • The nitrile (-CN) and isocyanide (-NC) groups.
  • The functional group fulminate (-ONC) corresponds to the fulminate ion; if the organic bond is at the other end, the
    nitrile oxide
    (-CNO) functional group is obtained instead.
  • Internal ballistics

References

  1. doi:10.1098/rstl.1800.0012
    .
  2. doi:10.1080/000337999296445
    .
  3. ^ "Edward Charles Howard (1774-1816), Scientist and sugar refiner". National Portrait Gallery. 2005-01-05. Archived from the original on 2006-09-25. Retrieved 2006-08-30.
  4. ^ Alexander Forsyth in Encyclopædia Britannica
  5. ^ "Rifled Breech Loader". Globalsecurity.org.
  6. ISBN 0-471-35408-2
    .
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