George Darwin
FRSE | |
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Born | George Howard Darwin 9 July 1845 Down House, Downe, Kent, England |
Died | 7 December 1912 Cambridge, England | (aged 67)
Alma mater | St John's College, Cambridge Trinity College, Cambridge |
Spouse | |
Children | 5, including Edward John Routh |
Notable students | Ernest William Brown E. T. Whittaker |
Signature | |
Sir George Howard Darwin,
Biography
George H. Darwin was born at Down House, Kent, the fifth child of biologist Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin.
From the age of 11 he studied under
Darwinian mechanics
Although George Darwin was the son of the famous
In 1879, he was elected a
In 1883 Darwin became
Darwin was a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) and won the Gold Medal of the RAS in 1892. He was elected to both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society in 1898.[8][9] From 1899–1901 he served as President of the RAS. He was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1904.[10] The RAS founded a prize lectureship in 1984 and named it the George Darwin Lectureship in Darwin's honour.
He was an invited speaker in the International Congress of Mathematicians 1908, Rome on the topic of "Mechanics, Physical Mathematics, Astronomy."[11] As President of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, he also gave the Introductory Address to the Congress in 1912 on the character of pure and applied mathematics.[12]
He received the degree of Doctor mathematicae (
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Sir George Howard Darwin, oil on canvas, Mark Gertler, 1912
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George Darwin ca 1908 by his daughter Gwen Raverat
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Lady George Darwin, pastel, Cecilia Beaux, 1889
Family
Darwin married Martha (Maud) du Puy, the daughter of Charles du Puy of Philadelphia, in 1884; his wife was a member of the Ladies Dining Society in Cambridge, with 11 other members.
She died on 6 February 1947. They had three sons and two daughters:
- Gwen Raverat (1885–1957), artist.
- Sir Charles Galton Darwin (1887–1962), physicist and applied mathematician.
- Margaret Elizabeth Darwin (1890–1974), married Sir Geoffrey Keynes.
- William Robert Darwin (1894–1970)
- Leonard Darwin (1899–1899)
George and Maud Darwin bought Newnham Grange, Cambridge in 1885. The Darwins extensively remodelled the house. Since 1962 the Grange has been part of Darwin College, Cambridge.
He is buried in Trumpington Extension Cemetery in Cambridge with his son Leonard and his daughter Gwen (Raverat), his wife Lady
Works
- "Tides". Encyclopædia Britannica (9th ed.). 1875–1889.
- The tides and kindred phenomena in the solar system (Boston, Houghton, 1899)
- Problems connected with the tides of a viscous spheroid (London, Harrison and Sons, 1879–1882)
- Scientific papers (Volume 1): Oceanic tides and lunar disturbances of gravity (Cambridge : University Press, 1907)[16][17]
- Scientific papers (Volume 2): Tidal friction and cosmogony. (Cambridge : University Press, 1908)[16]
- Scientific papers (Volume 3): Figures of equilibrium of rotating liquid and geophysical investigations. (Cambridge : University Press, 1908)
- Scientific papers (Volume 4): Periodic orbits and miscellaneous papers. (Cambridge : University Press, 1911)
- Scientific papers (Volume 5) Supplementary volume, containing biographical memoirs by Sir Francis Darwin and Professor E. W. Brown, lectures on Hill's lunar theory, etc... (Cambridge : University Press, 1916)
- The Scientific Papers of Sir George Darwin. 1907. Cambridge University Press (rep. by ISBN 978-1-108-00449-7)
Articles
- "On Beneficial Restrictions to Liberty of Marriage," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XXII, June/November 1873.
- "Commodities Versus Labour," The Contemporary Review, Vol. XXII, June/November 1873.
- "The Birth of a Satellite" Harper's Monthly Magazine, December 1903, pages 124 to 130.
References
- ^ GRO Register of Deaths: DEC 1912 3b 552 CAMBRIDGE – George H. Darwin, aged 67
- ^ a b c "Darwin, George Howard (DRWN863GH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ George H Darwin. Marriages between first cousins in England and their effects. International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 38, Issue 6, 1 December 2009, Pages 1429–1439, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyp335. 19 November 2009
- ^ Britannica.com: Sir George Darwin
- ISBN 978-1-4684-8403-8.
- ^ "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 29 December 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Britannica.com: Sir George Darwin
- ^ "George Howard Darwin". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
- ^ "George Darwin". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
- ^ "ICM Plenary and Invited Speakers since 1897". International Congress of Mathematicians. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ Hobson, E. B.; Love, A. E. H., eds. (1913). Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Mathematicians (Cambridge, 22-28 August 1912). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 33–36.
- ^ "Foreign degrees for British men of Science". The Times. No. 36867. London. 8 September 1902. p. 4.
- ^ "Honorary doctorates from the University of Oslo 1902-1910". (in Norwegian)
- .
- ^ .
- The Athenaeum(4196): 386.
External links
- Works by George Darwin at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about George Darwin at Internet Archive
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "George Darwin", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- George Howard Darwin at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- "The Genesis of Double Stars" Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine – by George Darwin, from A.C. Seward's Darwin and Modern Science Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (1909).
- "Archival material relating to George Darwin". UK National Archives.
- details of correspondence
- Trinity College Chapel memorial
- George Darwin at Find a Grave