Gerald Schatten
Gerald Schatten | |
---|---|
Born | 1949 |
Nationality | American (Russian/German origin) |
Citizenship | USA |
Known for | Embryonic Stem Cell Research |
Scientific career | |
Fields | imaging, cell biology, cell motility, cell architecture, human and other primates assisted reproductive technology (ART), reproductive and cell aging, cloning, transgenesis, and stem cells. |
Doctoral advisor | Daniel Mazia |
Gerald Schatten (born 1949) is an American
Early life and education
Schatten was born in 1949 in
Academic career
Schatten was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship for 1976–1977 to conduct mentored research under the direction of Daniel Mazia at UC Berkeley.[3] He was also awarded a postdoctoral fellowship at the German Cancer Research Center.[3]
1976-1985 he was assistant professor, associate professor, Full Professor of
1985–1997 he was Professor of
1997–2001 he was Professor and vice-chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Oregon Health & Science University and Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology. He was also Research Director of OHSU's Center for Women's Health, as well as Director of Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Scientist at the Oregon National Primate Research Center.
2001 – present he was Professor and vice-chair of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Professor of Cell Biology and Physiology at the University of Pittsburgh, where he is also Director of the Division of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine at the School of Medicine. Additionally, he is deputy director of the Magee-Women's Research Institute and Director of the Pittsburgh Development Center.[3]
Throughout his academic career, Schatten has also conducted research and taught at various other institutions. During 1985–1986, he was an instructor in Molecular Embryology of the Mouse at the
Research
Schatten's research focuses on
Schatten's work has been published extensively in many journals, such as Science, Nature, Lancet, Nature Medicine, Nature Cell Biology, Journal of Cell Biology, Genetics, Development, Developmental Biology, Biology of Reproduction, Human Reproduction, and the Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics.[4]
Fertilization and reproduction
Schatten's work on fertilization examines the differential inheritance of cellular components contributed by the sperm and egg, respectively, as well as the program of oocyte activation and cell division during meiosis and mitosis. His group has demonstrated the importance of the sperm centrosome-centriole complex during mammalian fertilization (including humans), with the unexpected exception of rodents in which the centrosome is of maternal origin (see Selected Publications).
Imaging and microscopy
Schatten also made contributions to imaging and microscopy. In his first published paper, he demonstrated the utility of polylysine and other engineered peptides that could adhere to cells, embryos, and intracellular structures for various microscopic applications and purifications (see Selected Publications). This technology is now widely applied and has solved the problem of holding cells for imaging. His team also published findings on imaging calcium and other ion transients in egg, embryos and cells, as well as dynamic architectural alternations during fertilization and cell division (see Selected Publications).
Transgenesis and stem cells
His more recent research has focused on the use of human and primate stem cells to determine the potential of stem cell-based medical therapies and better understand cell and human development; the study of genetic versus epigenetic (environmental) causes for human disease; cloned transgenic disease modeling (using primates) (see Selected Publications).[3]
Bioethical considerations
Schatten has also published on the topic of scientific ethics, including a 1998 piece on bio-ethical aspects of ART, "Art before Science?", in the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics as well as a 2002 article in Nature Cell Biology titled "Safeguarding ART". Soon after, Schatten helped expose cloning frauds both by the Raelians and by a Korean lab he had links to. More recently, in 2009, he commented on the utilities and limitations of human disease modeling in genetically modified monkeys in the journal Nature.
Research misbehavior
In 2005, Schatten came to widespread media attention when he broke off his 20-month collaboration with Hwang Woo-suk, a Korean stem cell researcher, after reporting first ethical, and later scientific, lapses.[5] In 2004 and 2005, Hwang claimed that his lab at the Seoul National University had successfully extracted stem cells from cloned human embryos, a statement later proved false.[5] Science retracted both the 2004 article, in which Schatten had no involvement, and the 2005 article, on which he was listed as an author, and which he helped publicize. Schatten also received money from Hwang.[5] Schatten called for an investigation by his university, the University of Pittsburgh, in 2005.[5] Finished in February 2006, the investigation committee concluded that "Dr. Schatten shirked these responsibilities, a serious failure that facilitated the publication of falsified experiments in Science magazine. While this failure would not strictly constitute research misconduct as narrowly defined by University of Pittsburgh policies, it would be an example of research misbehavior."[6]
Research mentoring
Schatten has trained twenty doctoral and thirty postdoctoral fellows and he serves as the President of
Awards and honors
Schatten's honors include: Stuyvesant High School's Biology Medal (1967); The Rockefeller Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowships (1976- 1977); Researcher, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg. (1976–77; 1984); NIH Research Career Development (RCDA 1981–1986) and MERIT awards (1997-2008);
Selected publications
- Mazia D, Schatten G, Sale W (July 1975). "Adhesion of cells to surfaces coated with polylysine. Applications to electron microscopy". The Journal of Cell Biology. 66 (1): 198–200. PMID 1095595.
- Steinhardt R, Zucker R, Schatten G (July 1977). "Intracellular calcium release at fertilization in the sea urchin egg". Developmental Biology. 58 (1): 185–96. PMID 326602.
- Schatten G (October 1994). "The centrosome and its mode of inheritance: the reduction of the centrosome during gametogenesis and its restoration during fertilization". Developmental Biology. 165 (2): 299–335. PMID 7958403.
- Luetjens CM, Payne C, Schatten G (April 1999). "Non-random chromosome positioning in human sperm and sex chromosome anomalies following intracytoplasmic sperm injection". Lancet. 353 (9160): 1240. S2CID 9286761.
- Hewitson L, Dominko T, Takahashi D, et al. (April 1999). "Unique checkpoints during the first cell cycle of fertilization after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in rhesus monkeys". Nature Medicine. 5 (4): 431–3. S2CID 6564806.
- Simerly C, Zoran SS, Payne C, et al. (1 September 1999). "Biparental Inheritance of γ-Tubulin during Human Fertilization: Molecular Reconstitution of Functional Zygotic Centrosomes in Inseminated Human Oocytes and in Cell-free Extracts Nucleated by Human Sperm". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 10 (9): 2955–69. PMID 10473639.
- Sutovsky P, Moreno RD, Ramalho-Santos J, Dominko T, Simerly C, Schatten G (November 1999). "Ubiquitin tag for sperm mitochondria". Nature. 402 (6760): 371–2. S2CID 205054671.
- Chan AW, Dominko T, Luetjens CM, et al. (January 2000). "Clonal propagation of primate offspring by embryo splitting". Science. 287 (5451): 317–9. PMID 10634789.
- Schatten G, Hewitson L, Simerly C, Sutovsky P, Huszar G (1998). "Cell and molecular biological challenges of ICSI: ART before science?". The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 26 (1): 29–37, 3. S2CID 9118764.
- Chan AW, Chong KY, Martinovich C, Simerly C, Schatten G (January 2001). "Transgenic monkeys produced by retroviral gene transfer into mature oocytes". Science. 291 (5502): 309–12. PMID 11209082.
- Simerly C, Dominko T, Navara C, et al. (April 2003). "Molecular correlates of primate nuclear transfer failures". Science. 300 (5617): 297. S2CID 19363117.
- Schatten G, Prather R, Wilmut I (January 2003). "Cloning claim is science fiction, not science". Science. 299 (5605): 344b–344. S2CID 1560085.
- Schatten GP (October 2002). "Safeguarding ART". Nature Cell Biology. 4 Suppl: s19–22. PMID 12479610.
- Schatten G, Smith J, Navara C, Park JH, Pedersen R (June 2005). "Culture of human embryonic stem cells". Nature Methods. 2 (6): 455–63. S2CID 1481533.
- Schatten G, PMID 19478771.
References
- ^ "Magee-Womens Research Institute". institute.mwrif.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ "Home". pdc.magee.edu.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Gerald P. Schatten, PhD, Pittsburgh Development Center.
- ^ Schatten, G. in PubMed.
- ^ a b c d Guterman, Lila. "Silent Scientist Under Fire: the American Collaborator of a Disgraced South Korean Is Keeping Mum", The Chronicle of Higher Education.
- hdl:1813/11589. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2006-05-06.
- ^ Executive Committee, UNESCO International Cell Research Organization.
- ^ "September 25, 2002 Hearings. 107th Congress Hearings" Archived June 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Office of Legislative Policy.
- ^ "Congressional Hearings Held on Stem Cell Research" Archived 2009-08-10 at the Wayback Machine, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
- The President's Council on Bioethics. December 13, 2002.