German submarine U-39 (1938)

	U-37, (an identical U-boat to U-39) at Lorient in 1940
History
Nazi Germany
Name	U-39
Ordered	29 July 1936
Builder	AG Weser, Bremen
Yard number	944
Laid down	2 June 1937
Launched	22 September 1938
Commissioned	10 December 1938
Fate	Sunk on 14 September 1939 north-west of Ireland. No dead and 44 or 43 survivors (sources vary)
General characteristics
Class and type	Type IXA submarine
Displacement	1,032 t (1,016 long tons) surfaced; 1,153 t (1,135 long tons) submerged;
Length	76.50 m (251 ft) o/a; 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in) pressure hull;
Beam	6.51 m (21 ft 4 in) o/a; 4.40 m (14 ft 5 in) pressure hull;
Height	9.40 m (30 ft 10 in)
Draught	4.70 m (15 ft 5 in)
Installed power	4,400 PS (3,200 kW; 4,300 bhp) (diesels); 1,000 PS (740 kW; 990 shp) (electric);
Propulsion	2 shafts; 2 × diesel engines; 2 × electric motors;
Speed	18.2 knots (33.7 km/h; 20.9 mph) surfaced; 7.7 knots (14.3 km/h; 8.9 mph) submerged;
Range	10,500 nautical miles (19,400 km; 12,100 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced; 65–78 nmi (120–144 km; 75–90 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged;
Test depth	230 m (750 ft)
Complement	4 officers, 44 enlisted
Armament	6 × torpedo tubes (4 bow, 2 stern); 22 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedoes; 1 × 10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun (180 rounds); 1 × 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 AA gun; 1 × twin 2 cm FlaK 30 AA guns;
Service record
Part of:	6th U-boat Flotilla; 10 December 1938 – 14 September 1939;
Identification codes:	M 12 679
Commanders:	Kptlt. Gerhard Glattes; 10 December 1938 – 14 Sep 1939;
Operations:	1 patrol:; 19 August – 14 September 1939;
Victories:	No ships sunk or damaged

German submarine U-39 was a

Type IXA^[3] U-boat of the Kriegsmarine that operated from 1938 to the first few days of World War II.^[1]

She was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 29 July 1936 as part of the

Bremen. She was commissioned on 10 December 1938 with Kapitänleutnant Gerhard Glattes in command.^[1]

On 14 September 1939, just 27 days after she began her first patrol, U-39 attempted to sink the British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal by firing two torpedoes at her. Due to a technical defect the torpedoes exploded before reaching their target. The U-39 was immediately hunted down by three British destroyers and disabled with depth charges. After the crew managed to resurface with the then sinking submarine all members were captured during the evacuation.^[4]^[2]

U-39 was the first German U-boat to be sunk in World War II.^[5]

Design

As one of the eight original

supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 metric horsepower (740 kW; 990 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[6]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.2 knots (33.7 km/h; 20.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.7 knots (14.3 km/h; 8.9 mph).

2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.^[6]

Service history

Patrol and Sinking

U-39 conducted only one war patrol during her entire career, as part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla. She left Wilhelmshaven with U-31, U-32, U-35 and U-53 all of which were also a part of the 6th Flotilla, on 19 August 1939, in preparation for the beginning of World War II. She headed into the North Sea and eventually circumnavigated the British Isles.^[7] Prior to her sinking, U-39 was attacked in the North Sea on 10 September while en route to the British Isles. She was depth charged by an unidentified British vessel and was forced to dive to 100 meters (328 feet) to escape the attack.^[4]

On 14 September 1939, after only 27 days at sea, U-39 fired two torpedoes at the British aircraft carrier

Rockall Bank north-west of Scotland. Lookouts spotted the torpedo tracks and Ark Royal turned towards the attack, reducing her cross-section and causing both torpedoes to miss and explode short of their target.^[8] Following the failed attack, three British destroyers in the vicinity of the Ark Royal, HMS Faulknor, Firedrake, and Foxhound detected U-39. All three destroyers depth charged the U-boat and seconds after Firedrake released her depth charges, U-39 surfaced. Foxhound, which was the closest to the U-boat, picked up 25 crew members while Faulknor rescued 11 and Firedrake saved the remaining eight. The crewmen were then taken ashore in Scotland and spent the rest of the war in various prisoner-of-war camps, including the Tower of London

, before being shipped to Canada.

U-39 was the first of many U-boats to be sunk in World War II; at 58°32′N 11°49′W / 58.533°N 11.817°W / 58.533; -11.817.^[4]^[5]

Aftermath

Four other U-boats joined U-39 on her ill-fated patrol, U-31, U-32, U-53 and U-55. According to a report by the Seekriegsleitung (German Supreme Naval Command) on 22 September 1939, U-32 and U-53 were heading back to their home port of Kiel while only U-31 and U-35 remained in the operational area north of the British Isles. According to plan, U-39 should also have made for Kiel. However, there had been no contact with the U-boat for several days. A lack of response from U-39, despite several requests to give her current location, began to fuel rumours that she was sunk. This belief was later confirmed by a British radio transmission detailing the arrival of the first German prisoners of war who were members of the Kriegsmarine, at a London railway station a few days later.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IXA boat U-39". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
^ ^a ^b Kemp 1999, p. 60.
^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Type IX long range boats". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c "U-39 The First U-boat to be Sunk in World War II". HMS Firedrake Page 20. HMS Firedrake.com. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
^ ^a ^b Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-boat losses-1939". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gröner 1991, p. 68.
^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-39 (First patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
^ Rossiter, pp. 74-77

Bibliography

Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.
ISBN 1-55750-186-6
.

Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.
ISBN 3-8132-0514-2
.

Edwards, Bernard (1996). Dönitz and the Wolf Packs - The U-boats at War. Cassell Military Classics. p. 87.
ISBN 0-304-35203-9
.

Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.
ISBN 0-85177-593-4
.

Rossiter, Mike (2007). Ark Royal: the life, death and rediscovery of the legendary Second World War aircraft carrier. London: Corgi Books.
ISBN 978-0-552-15369-0
.

Kemp, Paul (1999). U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars. London: Arms & Armour.
ISBN 1-85409-515-3
.

External links

Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IXA boat U-39". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Hofmann, Markus. "U 39". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 7 December 2014.

58°32′N 11°49′W / 58.533°N 11.817°W / 58.533; -11.817

[U-39-1] Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IXA boat U-39". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

[FOOTNOTEKemp199960-2] Kemp 1999, p. 60.

[Type-3] Helgason, Guðmundur. "Type IX long range boats". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 1 April 2010.

[U.39-4] "U-39 The First U-boat to be Sunk in World War II". HMS Firedrake Page 20. HMS Firedrake.com. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

[Sunk-5] Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-boat losses-1939". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 17 February 2015.

[FOOTNOTEGröner199168-6] Gröner 1991, p. 68.

[Patrol-7] Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-39 (First patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 3 April 2010.

[8] Rossiter, pp. 74-77

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v t e German Type IXA submarine
U-37 U-38 U-39 U-40 U-41 U-42 U-43 U-44
Preceded by: Type VII Followed by: Type IXB
List of U-boats of Germany

v t e German Type IX submarines
Type IXA	U-37 U-38 U-39 U-40 U-41 U-42 U-43 U-44
Type IXB	U-64 U-65 U-103 U-104 U-105 U-106 U-107 U-108 U-109 U-110 U-111 U-122 U-123 U-124
Type IXC	U-66 U-67 U-68 U-125 U-126 U-127 U-128 U-129 U-130 U-131 U-153 U-154 U-155 U-156 U-157 U-158 U-159 U-160 U-161 U-162 U-163 U-164 U-165 U-166 U-171 U-172 U-173 U-174 U-175 U-176 U-501 U-502 U-503 U-504 U-505 U-506 U-507 U-508 U-509 U-510 U-511 U-512 U-513 U-514 U-515 U-516 U-517 U-518 U-519 U-520 U-521 U-522 U-523 U-524
Type IXC/40	U-167 U-168 U-169 U-170 U-183 U-184 U-185 U-186 U-187 U-188 U-189 U-190 U-191 U-192 U-193 U-194 U-525 U-526 U-527 U-528 U-529 U-530 U-531 U-532 U-533 U-534 U-535 U-536 U-537 U-538 U-539 U-540 U-541 U-542 U-543 U-544 U-545 U-546 U-547 U-548 U-549 U-550 U-801 U-802 U-803 U-804 U-805 U-806 U-841 U-842 U-843 U-844 U-845 U-846 U-853 U-854 U-855 U-856 U-857 U-858 U-865 U-866 U-867 U-868 U-869 U-870 U-877 U-878 U-879 U-880 U-881 U-889 U-1221 U-1222 U-1223 U-1224 U-1225 U-1226 U-1227 U-1228 U-1229 U-1230 U-1231 U-1232 U-1233 U-1234 U-1235
Type IXD	U-177 U-178 U-179 U-180 U-181 U-182 U-195 U-196 U-197 U-198 U-199 U-200 U-847 U-848 U-849 U-850 U-851 U-852 U-859 U-860 U-861 U-862 U-863 U-864 U-871 U-872 U-873 U-874 U-875 U-876 U-883 U-884
Preceded by: Type VII Followed by: Type X List of U-boats of Germany

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in September 1939
Shipwrecks	1 Sep: ORP Mazur 3 Sep: Athenia, ORP Gryf, ORP Mewa, ORP Wicher 6 Sep: ORP General Haller 8 Sep: HNLMS Willem van Ewijck 10 Sep: SS Magdapur, HMS Oxley 12 Sep: Davara 14 Sep: Fanad Head, ORP Jaskółka, U-39 16 Sep: Rudyard Kipling 17 Sep: HMS Courageous 18 Sep: ORP Warszawa 20 Sep: U-27 23 Sep: Martti Ragnar 24 Sep: Phryné, Caldew 29 Sep: HMS Caledonia 30 Sep: ORP Komendant Piłsudski 30 Sep: SS Clement
Other incidents	2 Sep: USS Pigeon 3 Sep: Hannah Böge 4 Sep: Christian Van Doornum 10 Sep: Triton 16 Sep: City of Paris 18 Sep: ORP Orzeł (incident) 22 Sep: Martti Ragnar Unknown date: HMS Vanquisher, HMS Walker Unknown date: SS Toruń
1938 1939 1940 August 1939 October 1939