Giuseppe Moretti
Giuseppe Moretti | |
---|---|
Born | Beaux arts[1] | 3 February 1857
Awards | Bronze Medal, 1900 Paris Exposition Silver Medal, 1904 St. Louis Exposition Silver Medal, 1911 Turin International[2] |
Giuseppe Moretti (3 February 1857 – February 1935) was an Italian
Early years
Giuseppe Moretti was born in Siena, Italy, on 3 February 1857,[3] the nephew of Cardinal Vincenzo Moretti,[4] a noted art patron. He began studying marble sculpting at the age of 9 with the monks of San Domenico and with sculptor Tito Sarrocchi, whose studio was in the cloister of the church in Siena.[2] Moretti's precocious nature is emphasized in an anecdote about his early fascination with becoming an artist. Apparently aware that distant Florence was the nexus of Italian art, the young Moretti set off down the road in search of a career in the art world. An alert neighbor returned the would-be runaway, and soon after, Moretti was placed under the tutelage of Serrochi.[3]
Training and career in Europe
Moretti later studied at the
Intrigued by the medium of marble, Moretti moved to Carrara to perfect his skill. In about 1879, a Dalmatian sculptor, Ivan Rendić, who saw his work was impressed and invited Moretti to assist him in his studio in Zagreb, Croatia. Moretti set up shop in Zagreb and made several important commissions before a large earthquake devastated the area. Moretti decided to leave, moving to Vienna, Austria,[3] where he worked on the Rothschild palace[2] and executed a marble bust of the Emperor Franz Josef which was to be exhibited in the Paris Exposition of 1900.[3]
Moretti's next residence was in Budapest, Hungary, where he executed some works to commemorate the city's history. However, a dispute with German authorities over a marble field that Moretti wanted to use for his projects and as an incentive to local sculptors frustrated Moretti and in the summer of 1888, he decided to relocate to the United States of America.[3]
Career in the United States
Moretti arrived in
Commissions in Pittsburgh
After working on the Vanderbilt estate, Moretti became well known in
Relocation to Alabama
The first of many failed business ventures for Moretti was in 1897, when he and fellow Italian immigrant Riccardo Bertelli (future husband of actress Ida Conquest) launched a small bronze foundry in December of that year with the help of a $20,000 loan from another Italian émigré, Celestino Piva, a wealthy silk importer. However, in two years the company collapsed and Piva withdrew support. Yet Bertelli bought out Moretti's share, reorganized the business, and renamed it "Roman Bronze Works." By 1900, the foundry had relocated from Manhattan to Brooklyn, secured the financial backing of Piva once again, and acquired the exclusive casting rights to the works of American sculptor Frederic Remington.[3]
Despite his financial misdealings, Moretti retained his reputation as an artist, and soon won his most famous commission from James A. MacKnight, secretary of Birmingham, Alabama's Commercial Club. Moretti agreed to charge only $6,000 for the massive plaster model of Vulcan, which was to be Birmingham's contribution to the St. Louis Exposition. Moretti created the model in New York City and moved to Alabama to work on the sculpture in 1904.[3] In 1907, he took Geneva Mercer of Alabama on as an apprentice. She served as his apprentice until 1909, after which she stayed on as his assistant until his death in 1935.[5][6]
Having discovered Alabama's rich marble deposits, Moretti made it a personal goal to institute proper mining procedures for the material.[3]
Living in Cuba
Circa 1911–14, Moretti and Mercer worked together on their greatest achievement, the completion of Moretti's ninety-seven sculptures for the Gran Teatro de La Habana.
Other commissions and later life
Moretti moved around east of the Mississippi frequently after 1916, returning to Pittsburgh, where he established a permanent residence and studio on Bigelow Boulevard.[2][3]
Moretti soon made war memorials a major source of his income, completing sculptures and tablets in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere. Moretti is known to have remarked that "... art, in its various meanings is to be benefited greatly by the sentiment that the world war had reawakened..." Moretti also believed that Pittsburgh would become the "Athens of the New World," spurred on by artistic creation. "No," declared Moretti, "I shall not leave Pittsburgh – it is the fine home for the artist – strong, mighty, rugged-so!"[3]
Meanwhile, Moretti was pursuing a career in business by purchasing
One of Moretti's last works in America was the 1927 "Battle of Nashville Monument", erected on the site of that 1864 battle. It was commissioned by the Ladies Battlefield Association, and honored both sides of the conflict in the American Civil War.
In 1897, Moretti designed the bronze statue of Cornelius Vanderbilt on the campus of Vanderbilt University in Nashville.[7][8] It was first erected on the grounds of the Parthenon, but moved to the campus the following fall.[8]
In 1921, Moretti designed a bronze and granite statue on the tomb of Sumner Archibald Cunningham, a Confederate veteran and editor of the Confederate Veteran, at the Willow Mount Cemetery in Shelbyville, Tennessee.[7]
Retirement to Italy and death
Moretti's last business venture having fallen through in 1925 and his health failing, he decided to return to Italy with his wife, Dorothea Long Moretti, and his assistant, Geneva Mercer, in 1930.[3] He remained there until his death in San Remo in 1935.[2]
Works
Moretti was a prolific artist, having completed twelve
In Pittsburgh
At least 17 Moretti works remain and have been restored in Pittsburgh's east end. Moretti's notable work in Pittsburgh includes the Highland Avenue entrance to
In Alabama
Moretti's most important works in Alabama are his
He also sculpted a baptismal font for the 1st Presbyterian Church of Birmingham; a life-size Sylacauga marble statue of Mary Cahalan, a beloved public school teacher; and a larger than life-size bronze statue of William Elias B. Davis, a noted surgeon and co-founder of the Southern Surgical Association.
Moretti's Head of Christ is on display in Montgomery's Alabama Department of Archives and History.
Gallery
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Head of Christ, what Moretti considered to be his personal magnum opus. Moretti carved the bust by hand from Alabama marble.[11]
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Scale model of the entrance to Schenley Park in Pittsburgh, circa 1900
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Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
References
- Notes
- ^ a b c The Ohio Historical Society (2006). "Giuseppe Moretti : Soldiers and Sailors Monument Marker #9–41". Ohio Historical Markers. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2007.
- ^ ISBN 0-8229-3467-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Willard, Jennifer (Spring 1991). "Giuseppe Moretti". Alabama Heritage (20). University of Alabama Press. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 8 January 2007.
- ^ See Cardinal Moretti's profile at catholic-hierarchy.org
- ^ "Geneva Mercer". The Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ Fowler, Miriam Rogers (15 July 2008). "Giuseppe Moretti". The Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ JSTOR 42623281.
- ^ a b ""Cornelius Vanderbilt" G. Moretti". Vanderbilt University. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ISBN 0-8229-3467-1. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
- ^ Cason, Bob (Summer 2004). "Moretti's Warning: The Myth Demystified". Alabama Heritage. University of Alabama Press. Retrieved 8 January 2007.
- ^ Birmingham Public Library. "Head of Christ". Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2007.