Carrara

Coordinates: 44°04.75′N 10°06.00′E / 44.07917°N 10.10000°E / 44.07917; 10.10000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Carrara (disambiguation).

Carrara
Carara (
Emilian)
Comune
Comune di Carrara
Flag of Carrara
Flag
Coat of arms of Carrara
Coat of arms
Location of Carrara
Map
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
54033
Dialing code0585
Patron saintSan Ceccardo
Saint dayJune 16

Carrara (

west-northwest of Florence. Its motto is Latin
: "Fortitudo mea in rota" ("My strength is in the wheel"), a reference firstly to the marble shipping industry from Roman times onwards.

Toponymy

The word Carrara likely comes from the pre-Roman (Celtic or Ligurian) element kar (stone), through Latin carrariae meaning 'quarries'.[4]

History

Main article: Duchy of Massa and Carrara
View of Carrara

There were known settlements in the area as early as the ninth century BC, when the Apuan Ligures lived in the region. The current town originated from the borough built to house workers in the marble quarries created by the Romans after their conquest of Liguria in the early second century BC. Carrara has been linked with the process of quarrying and carving marble since the Roman Age. Marble was exported from the nearby harbour of Luni at the mouth of the river Magra.[5]

In the early

Otto I gave it to them.[6] It turned itself into a city-state in the early 13th century; during the struggle between Guelphs and Ghibellines, Carrara usually belonged to the latter party. The Bishops acquired it again in 1230, their rule ending in 1313, when the city was given in succession to the Republics of Pisa, Lucca and Florence. Later it was acquired by Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan
.

After the death of

Ercole III d'Este, it became part of the Duchy of Modena
.

After the short Napoleonic rule of

unification of Italy age, Carrara was the seat of a popular revolt led by Domenico Cucchiari, and was a center of Giuseppe Mazzini
's revolutionary activity.

The Alberto Meschi monument in Carrara.
Carrara in 1911

At the end of the 19th century Carrara became the cradle of

New York Times article of 1894 many violent revolutionists who had been expelled from Belgium and Switzerland went to Carrara in 1885 and founded the first anarchist group in Italy.[7] Carrara has remained a continuous 'hotbed' of anarchism in Italy, with several organizations located in the city. The Anarchist marble workers were also the driving force behind organising labour in the quarries and in the carving sheds. They were also the main protagonists of the Lunigiana revolt
in January 1894.

In 1929, the municipalities of Carrara, Massa and Montignoso were merged in a single municipality, called Apuania. In 1945 the previous situation was restored.

Carrara is the birthplace of the

International Federation of Anarchists
(IFA), formed in 1968.

Title

As a titular

Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
.

Economy

Carrara marble has been used since the time of Ancient Rome. The Pantheon and Trajan's Column in Rome are constructed of it, and many sculptures of the Renaissance were carved from it.

Carrara-Avenza railway station
is the nearest train station.

Culture

Fortitude Mea in Rota “My strength in the wheel”. The wheel of the carriage made to transport marble blocks from quarry to load out during Roman Empire and after, is the symbol of Carrara.

Coat of arms and symbols

According to the Grand Orient of Italy, the coat of arms of Carrara contains the Comacina wheel, symbol of the ancient master stonemasons of Como.[8][9][10]

Main sights

  • Cathedral (Duomo, 12th century).
  • Ducal Palace (also Palazzo Cybo Malaspina, 16th century), now the seat of the Fine Arts Academy. Built over pre-existing Lombard fortification, it dates to the reign of Guglielmo Malaspina, becoming in 1448 the permanent seat of the dynasty. It includes two distinct edifices: the Castello Malaspiniano, dating to the 13th century, and the Renaissance palace, begun by Alberico I in the late 16th century. Under the medieval loggia are exposed several ancient Roman findings.
  • Baroque church and convent of San Francesco, built in 1623–64 by order of Carlo I Cybo-Malaspina.
  • Church of the Suffragio, begun in 1686 under design of Innocenzo Bergamini, and refurbished in the 19th century. The façade has a large marble portal in Baroque style, sculpted by Carlo Finelli and surmounted by a bas-relief with the "Madonna and the Souls of the Purgatory".
  • Palazzo Cybo-Malaspina
  • Sanctuary of the Madonna delle Grazie alla Lugnola, consecrated in 1676 and designed by Alessandro Bergamini.
  • Church of Santa Maria Assunta, at Torano. It has a 16th-century façade with a portal from 1554. The interior is on a nave and two aisles.
A Carrara marble quarry
Façade of the cathedral
Palazzo Cybo Malaspina
Carrara marble exploitation
Monte Sagro and nearby quarries

Sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

Carrara is

twinned with:[11][12]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ "Carrara and its precious white gold". www.mytravelintuscany.com. My Travel in Tuscany. 25 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  4. ^ Repetti
  5. ^ Carrara and its environs, InterScultura
  6. ISBN 978-3-8480-0321-1
    .
  7. ^ A Stronghold of Anarchists, The New York Times, January 19, 1894
  8. ^ "Stories of freemasons, republicans and carbonari / Il Tirreno Massa e Carrara". Archived from the original on 16 January 2021.
  9. ^ David Chiappuella (9 May 2014). "A new Masonic lodge will be born under the Apuane mountains". Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. The same symbol of Carrara is the Comacina wheel, symbol of the masters of Como
  10. ^ David Chiappuella (15 November 2020). "Carrara, the Marmifera and the quarrymen seen from the eyes of Mary Poppins". Archived from the original on 8 November 2023.
  11. ^ "All'inaugurazione del CARMI presenti anche le delegazioni delle città gemellate con Carrara". web.comune.carrara.ms.it (in Italian). Carrara. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  12. ^ "FESTIVAL - Yerevan Outdoor Advertising Festival". web.comune.carrara.ms.it (in Italian). Carrara. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carrara.
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Carrara.
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