Gloriosa (plant)
Gloriosa | |
---|---|
Gloriosa superba | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Liliales |
Family: | Colchicaceae |
Genus: | Gloriosa L.[1] |
Synonyms[1] | |
|
Gloriosa is a
They are tender, tuberous rooted
Description
Gloriosa are
"Scandent herbs, the rootstock a horizontal
Species
As of October 2018[update], the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepted 11 species of Gloriosa, ignoring hybrids, varieties and cultivars. Many other names are currently rejected as synonyms or unresolved for lack of sufficient data.[5]
- Gloriosa baudii (A.Terracc.) Chiov. - Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya
- Gloriosa carsonii Baker - C + E + S Africa
- Gloriosa flavovirens (Dammer) J.C.Manning & Vinn. - Angola
- Gloriosa lindenii (Baker) J.C.Manning & Vinn. - C + SE Africa
- Gloriosa littonioides (Welw. ex Baker) J.C.Manning & Vinn. - C + SC Africa
- Gloriosa modesta (Hook.) J.C.Manning & Vinn. - southern Africa
- Gloriosa revoilii (Franch.) J.C.Manning & Vinn. - NE Africa, Yemen
- Gloriosa rigidifolia (Bredell) J.C.Manning & Vinn. - Limpopo
- Gloriosa sessiliflora Nordal & Bingham - Angola, Zambia, Caprivi
- Gloriosa simplex L. - sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar
- Gloriosa superba L. - sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia
Distribution
The genus is widely distributed in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and from the Indian subcontinent to Malesia.[1] Gloriosa superba in particular is widely naturalized. In Australia, "scattered naturalized populations exist in the understorey of coastal dry sclerophyll forest and sand dune vegetation throughout south-east Queensland and New South Wales".[6] It is considered a rampant and dangerous invasive weed in Australia, dominating the coastal dunes at the expense of native species and leading to deaths of native animals and birds when ingested.
In India, Gloriosa is distributed in the Western Ghats but the density is rapidly decreasing due to excessive uprooting by herbal medicine producers.[citation needed]
Propagation
"Propagation generally occurs from seeds, although mature plants can be divided and grown from tubers. The hard seeds can remain dormant for 6-9 months."[6] Growth stops if temperatures are of the order of 15 °C and the dies when subjected to 12 °C during this time. La Gloriosa is an extremely fragile and delicate flower, tough to cultivate.[citation needed]
Toxicology
All parts of Gloriosa contain colchicine, the roots and seeds are especially rich. The lethal dose of colchicine is about 6 mg/kg,[7] and Gloriosa superba has been used as a means of committing suicide.[8]
Symbolism
Gloriosa superba is the national flower of
It is also the state flower of Tamil Nadu state in India.[11] It is also considered the national flower of Tamil Eelam, a former de facto inside Republic of Sri Lanka.[12]
References
- ^ a b c "Gloriosa". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
- ^ a b Smith, Albert C. 1979. Flora Vitiensis nova: A new flora of Fiji (Spermatophytes only). Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. 1:141-142 in Biodiversity Heritage Library
- ^ "Gloriosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- ^ "Floridata". floridata.com. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
- ^ "Search for Gloriosa". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
- ^ a b Csurhes, S., Edwards, R. 1998. Potential environmental weeds in Australia: Candidate species for preventative control. Biodiversity Group, Environment Australia, Canberra. pp. 164-165 pdf Archived 2007-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Martindale - the Extra Pharmacopoeia
- ^ Allender, WJ (1982) J. Forensic Sci. 27: 944-947.
- ^ Royal Collection http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/queenandcommonwealth/MicroObject.asp?row=92&themeid=944&item=92
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pcn7qAXHFuo&t=393
- ^ "About Tamil Nadu | Tamil Nadu Government Portal".
- ^ "TamilNet".