Ground substance
Ground substance is an amorphous gel-like substance in the extracellular space of
animals that contains all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) except for fibrous materials such as collagen and elastin.[1] Ground substance is active in the development, movement, and proliferation of tissues, as well as their metabolism. Additionally, cells use it for support, water storage, binding, and a medium for intercellular exchange (especially between blood cells and other types of cells). Ground substance provides lubrication for collagen fibers.[2]
The components of the ground substance vary depending on the tissue. Ground substance is primarily composed of water and large organic molecules, such as
fibroblasts. Usually it is not visible on slides, because it is lost during staining in the preparation process.[4]
Link proteins such as
actomyosin stabilize the proteoglycans and organize elastic fibers in the ECM.[2] Changes in the density of ground substance can allow collagen fibers to form aberrant cross-links.[2] Loose connective tissue is characterized by few fibers and cells, and a relatively large amount of ground substance. Dense connective tissue has a smaller amount of ground substance compared to the fibrous material.[2]
The meaning of the term has evolved over time.[5]
See also
- Milieu intérieur
References
- ^ Peckham M (2003). "Extracellular Matrix - 'Ground substance'". University of Leeds.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7020-4430-4.
- ISBN 978-1-118-34500-9.
- ^ "Connective Tissue". Self Study Unit of the Basic Tissues. University of Ottawa. Archived from the original on 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
- PMID 12756276.
External links
- Rubbelke DL (1999). "Connective Tissue Proper". Tissues of the Human Body: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill Companies.