Hamas war crimes
This article is missing information about incidents.(April 2024) |
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Hamas war crimes are the violations of
.Applicability of laws of war
Determining the applicability of
According to Human Rights Watch, "international humanitarian law, through the well-established doctrine of command responsibility" also applies "to political and other leaders insofar as they have 'effective responsibility and control' over the actors in question...thus making its leadership also criminally liable."[11]
War crimes
Targeting of civilians
According to Amnesty International, the "prohibition on targeting civilians is absolute in international law".[12]
Human Rights Watch has declared that the "scale and systematic nature" of Hamas' targeting of Israeli civilians "meet the definition of a crime against humanity", and that its particular use of suicide bombings taking "place in the context of violence that amounts to armed conflict...are also war crimes."[13]
Suicide attacks
According to Amnesty International, "the campaign of suicide bombings and deliberate attacks against Israeli civilians by Hamas and other armed groups constitutes crimes against humanity.[14]
Between September 1993 and the outbreak of the Second Intifada in September 2000, "Palestinian groups carried out fourteen suicide bombing attacks against Israeli civilians, mostly in 1996-97, killing more than 120 and wounding over 550. Hamas said it committed most of the attacks."[15]
In the decade between 2000 and 2010, there were 146 suicide attacks committed by Palestinian militant groups against Israelis, resulting in 516 fatalities.[16] A 2007 Harvard University study of 135 Palestinian suicide attacks conducted between September 2000 and August 2005 determined Hamas responsible for 39.9% of such attacks during that period.[17]
Use of human shields
Israel has accused Hamas of using human shields in the Gaza Strip, saying that Hamas has purposely attempted to shield itself from Israeli attacks by storing weapons in civilian infrastructure, launching rockets from residential areas, and telling residents to ignore Israeli warnings to flee. Israel has also accused Hamas of maintaining command and control bunkers and tunnel infrastructure below hospitals. Hamas has denied using hospitals to shield any command centre,[18] while it has previously made remarks expressing support for Palestinians refusing to flee areas Israel has targeted.[19]
The Israeli accusations have been supported by
Indiscriminate attacks
Between 2000 and 2021, over 17,000 rockets were fired into Israel from Gaza.[24] Hamas' use of indiscriminate rocket attacks on civilians has been widely condemned as a war crime.[25][26] Palestinian UN Observer Ibrahim Kraishi has equally decried the attacks, stating that "every rocket and mortar fired from Gaza toward Israel is a “crime against humanity.”[27]
Second Intifada
During the Second Intifada, the majority[ambiguous] of Israeli casualties were civilian non-combatants, with Hamas conducting numerous[ambiguous] attacks deliberately targeting civilians.[28][29]
Prominent examples include:
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2024) |
Name | Date | Dead | Injured | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
HaSharon Mall suicide bombing | May 18, 2001 | 5 | 100 | |
Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing |
June 1, 2001 | 21 | 100+ | |
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing | August 9, 2001 | 16 | 130 | Carried out with Palestinian Islamic Jihad |
Nahariya train station suicide bombing | September 9, 2001 | 3 | 94 | |
Ben Yehuda Street Bombing | December 1, 2001 | 11 | 188 | |
Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing | December 2, 2001 | 15 | 40 | |
Café Moment bombing | March 9, 2002 | 11 | 54 | |
Passover massacre | March 27, 2002 | 29 | 140 | Carried out with Palestinian Islamic Jihad |
Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombing | March 29, 2002 | 2 | 28 | |
Matza restaurant suicide bombing | March 31, 2002 | 16 | 31 | |
Yagur Junction bombing | April 10, 2002 | 8 | 19 | |
2002 Rishon LeZion bombing | May 7, 2002 | 16 | 55 | |
Netanya Market bombing | May 19, 2002 | 3 | 59 | Carried out with PFLP |
Patt Junction Bus Bombing |
June 18, 2002 | 19 | 74+ | |
Immanuel bus attack |
July 16, 2002 | 9 | 20 | |
Hebrew University massacre |
July 31, 2002 | 9 | 80 | |
Meron Junction Bus 361 attack | August 4, 2002 | 9 | 38 | |
Allenby Street bus bombing | September 19, 2002 | 6 | 70+ | |
Kiryat Menachem bus bombing | November 21, 2002 | 11 | 50+ | |
Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing | March 5, 2003 | 17 | 53 | |
Mike's Place suicide bombing | April 30, 2003 | 3 | 50+ | Carried out with al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades |
Jerusalem bus 6 bombing |
May 18, 2003 | 7 | 20 | |
Davidka Square bus bombing | June 11, 2003 | 17 | 100+ | |
Tzrifin bus stop attack | September 9, 2003 | 9 | 30 | |
Café Hillel bombing | September 9, 2003 | 7 | 50+ | |
Gaza Street bus bombing | January 29, 2004 | 11 | 50+ | carried out with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade
|
Ashdod Port massacre | March 14, 2004 | 10 | 16 | Carried out with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade
|
Beersheba bus bombings | August 31, 2004 | 16 | 100+ | |
Karni border crossing attack | January 13, 2005 | 6 | 5 | Carried out with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and Popular Resistance Committees |
2014 Gaza war
Killing and shooting of Gazan civilians
Twenty civilians from Shuja'iyya were killed while protesting against Hamas.[30] A few days later, Hamas reportedly killed two Gazans and wounded ten after a scuffle broke out over food handouts.[31]
The IDF stated on 31 July that more than 280 Hamas rockets[32] malfunctioned and fell inside the Gaza strip, hitting sites including Al-Shifa Hospital and the Al-Shati refugee camp, killing at least 11 and wounding dozens.[33] Hamas denied that any of its rockets hit the Gaza Strip.,[32][34][35] but Palestinian sources said numerous rocket launches ended up falling in Gaza communities and that scores of people have been killed or injured. Israeli Military sources said the failed Hamas launches increased amid heavy Israeli air and artillery strikes throughout the Gaza Strip. They said the failed launches reflected poorly assembled rockets as well as the rush to load and fire projectiles before they were spotted by Israeli aircraft.[36] While the Al-Shifa Hospital incident is disputed, early news reports have suggested that the strike was from an Israeli drone missile.[33][37][38] Amnesty International concluded that the explosion at the Shati refugee camp on 28 July in which 13 civilians were killed was caused by a Palestinian rocket, despite Palestinian claims it was an Israeli missile.[39]
Killing of suspected collaborators
On 26 May 2015, Amnesty International released a report saying that Hamas carried out extrajudicial killings, abductions and arrests of Palestinians and used the Al-Shifa Hospital to detain, interrogate and torture suspects. It details the executions of at least 23 Palestinians accused of collaborating with Israel and torture of dozens of others, many victims of torture were members of the rival Palestinian movement, Fatah.[42][43]
2023 Israel–Hamas war
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2024) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hamas_gunmen_shooting_into_civilian_car_on_October_7_2023.png/220px-Hamas_gunmen_shooting_into_civilian_car_on_October_7_2023.png)
On 9 October 2023 Human Rights Watch stated that Hamas's apparent targeting of civilians, indiscriminate attacks, and taking of hostages amounted to war crimes.[45]
On 10 October 2023 the OHCHR stated the taking of hostages and use of human shields were war crimes.[46] United Nations Human Rights chief Volker Türk noted that militant groups' "horrifying mass killings" were violations of international law.[47]
Re'im music festival massacre
As one of the first massacres of many in the coordinated attacks on 7 October 2023, militants of the
Be'eri massacre
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gaza_envelope_after_coordinated_surprise_offensive_on_Israel%2C_October_2023_%28KBG_GPO04%29.jpg/220px-Gaza_envelope_after_coordinated_surprise_offensive_on_Israel%2C_October_2023_%28KBG_GPO04%29.jpg)
At c. 7:10 a.m., on 7 October 2023,[51] around 70 al-Qassam and DFLP militants had entered and attacked the kibbutz of Be'eri, taking over 130 peoples' lives,[52] including women (such as peace activist Vivian Silver),[53] children,[54] toddlers, and one infant,[55][56][57][58] in total claiming the lives of 10% of the farming community's residents. Dozens of homes were also burned down.[59]
See also
- Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
- Human rights in the State of Palestine
- Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip
- Criticism of Hamas
- Israeli war crimes
References
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Security footage shows the two gunmen ambushing a Mazda and firing multiple shots into the vehicle. The bullet-ridden car rolls forward, the gate opens, and the men enter the kibbutz.
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