Hemhem crown
Hemhem | |
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Details | |
Country | Ancient Egypt |
Hemhem crown was an
Later the hemhem crown was shown on the images of non-Egyptian rulers, such as
Etymology
The Egyptian word "hemhem" means "to shout", "cry out", possibly indicating that the hemhem crown represented a battle horn or war cry,[6] although it was also donned on festive occasions.[9]
History
The hemhem crown was first seen in the 18th Dynasty, and was worn during significant ceremonies. The symbolic interpretation behind this crown was to boast the power of the Pharaoh.[10] An early appearance of the hemhem crown was during the reign of Akhenaten as seen in a relief from his tomb at Amarna.[3] Tutankhamun was depicted wearing the hemhem crown on the inlay of a throne found in his tomb.[10] This crown was often depicted on kings during the Ptolemaic Dynasty.[11]
The crown was eventually transplanted into Syrian and Iran contexts, where it underwent further adaptations in light of the political needs of the time.[12] The Pasargadae figure depicted with the hemhem crown has been variously associated with many figures. In the past, it was more common to identify the figure with Cyrus the Great[13] but more recent work indicates that this is not the case[7][14] with identifications opting instead towards a god like Mithra[12] or something between a man and a god.[7][14] The depiction itself indicates the proliferation of Egyptian paraphernalia.[2]
Features
The crown is set on top of a pair of long spiral ram's horns, and it is commonly seen with a cobra on either side of the crown.[15] It was created with reeds and ostrich feathers, along with feathers from many other birds. The hemhem was the Triple Rush Crown, and was worn tilted towards the back of the head – contrary to how crowns are normally worn.[3]
Another type of hemhem crown has three falcon birds in place of the three sun disks. This type of crown signifies the reign over Lower Egypt; the combination of the sun disks and the falcon shows the power over Lower Egypt along with Upper Egypt. The hemhem crowns occur more frequently from the time of
See also
References
Citations
- ^ Stronach & Gopnik 2009.
- ^ a b c Goebs 2013.
- ^ a b c (June, 2014) Crowns of Egypt. Land of Pyramids.Retrieved on 10/08/2014. From http://www.landofpyramids.org/crown-of-egypt.htm
- ^ Azzopardi 2023, p. 72–73.
- ^ Ismail 2019, p. 49–51.
- ^ a b Lobban 2003, p. 364.
- ^ a b c Sekunda 2010, p. 268–271.
- ^ Boyce 2015, p. 60.
- ^ Vassilika 1989, p. 90.
- ^ a b (n.d.) The Hemhem Crown. Arty Factory. Retrieved on 10/08/2014. from http://www.artyfactory.com/egyptian_art/egyptian_crowns/hemhem_crown.htm Archived 2017-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Reshafim, K. (n.d.) Divine and Royal headdresses and Crowns. Pharaonic Egypt. Retrieved on 10/08/2014. From http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/crowns/ Archived 2018-07-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Soudavar 2012, p. 49–52.
- ^ Curzon 2018, p. 75.
- ^ a b Stronach 2010, p. 6–9.
- ^ (n.d.)Ancient Egyptian Crowns/Headdresses. Architecture Around the World. Retrieved on 10/08/2014. From http://buffaloah.com/a/archsty/egypt/crowns/crowns.html
- ^ Vassilika 1989.
Sources
- Azzopardi, George (2023). The Roman Municipia of Malta and Gozo: The Epigraphic Evidence. Archaeopress Publishing Limited.
- Boyce, Mary (2015). A History of Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism Under the Achaemenians: Volume 2. Brill.
- Curzon, George Nathaniel (2018). Persia and the Persian Question, Volume 2. Cambridge University Press.
- Goebs, Katja (2013). "Crowns, Egyptian". In Bagnall, Roger S.; Brodersen, Kai; Champion, Craig B.; Erskine, Andrew (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley.
- Ismail, Fatma Talaat (2019). Cult and Ritual in Persian Period Egypt: An Analysis of the Decoration of the Cult Chapels of the Temple of Hibis at Kharga Oasis. Yale Egyptology.
- Lobban, Christian A. (2003). Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia. Scarecrow Press.
- Sekunda, N.V. (2010). "Changes in Achaemenid Royal Dress". In Curtis, John; Simpson, John (eds.). The World of Achaemenid Persia: History, Art and Society in Iran and the Ancient Near East. I.B. Tauris. pp. 255–272.
- Soudavar, Abolala (2012). "Astyages, Cyrus and Zoroaster: Solving a Historical Dilemma". Iran. 50 (1): 45–78.
- Stronach, David; Gopnik, Hilary (2009). "PASARGADAE". Encyclopedia Iranica.
- Stronach, David (2010). "Solomon at Pasargadae: Some New Perspectives". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 24: 1–14.
- Vassilika, Eleni (1989). Ptolemaic Philae. Peeters Publishers.
Further reading
- David Stronach, Pasargadae: A Report on the Excavations Conducted by the British Institute of Persian Studies from 1961 to 1963: Volume 1, 1978.
- Sandra Collier, The Crowns of Pharaoh: Their Development and Significance in Ancient Egyptian Kingship, 1996.