Hesperidanthus suffrutescens

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Hesperidanthus suffrutescens

Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Hesperidanthus
Species:
H. suffrutescens
Binomial name
Hesperidanthus suffrutescens
(
Rollins) Al-Shehbaz
Synonyms[2]
  • Glaucocarpum suffrutescens (Rollins) Rollins
  • Schoenocrambe suffrutescens (Rollins)
    S.L.Welsh
    & Chatterley
  • Thelypodium suffrutescens Rollins

Hesperidanthus suffrutescens is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family. Its synonyms include Glaucocarpum suffrutescens.[2] When placed in the genus Glaucocarpum, it was the only species. It is a rare species known by the common names toad-flax cress,[1][3] shrubby reed-mustard,[3] Uinta Basin waxfruit and waxfruit mustard. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where it is known only from Duchesne and Uintah Counties. It is threatened by habitat degradation and destruction. It is federally listed as an endangered species of the United States.

Description

This is a

caespitose.[6]

The leaves are lance-shaped or somewhat oval in shape with smooth or slightly toothed edges, the blades measuring up to 2.5 centimetres in length. The inflorescence is a raceme of mustard-like flowers. Each flower has yellow-green sepals and four yellow petals each measuring about a centimetre long. The fruit is a curved silique 1 or 2 centimetres long.[4]

Taxonomy

The plant was first

monotypic genus for the species, renaming it Glaucocarpum suffrutescens.[6][8]

The species was reclassified as Schoenocrambe suffrutescens by Stanley Larson Welsh and L. M. Chatterley in 1985,[9] although this was not a popular move: most documentation continued to use Glaucocarpum.[1][3][10] In 2005 the Iraqi Brassicaceae expert Ihsan Ali Al-Shehbaz placed the species in Hesperidanthus as H. suffrutescens,[11] which is followed in the Flora of North America in the 2010 book about the Brassicaceae (written by Al-Shehbaz),[4] but not by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, which used the name Schoenocrambe suffrutescens in 2010.[12]

The

specific epithet
suffrutescens is Latin and means 'shrubby'.

Distribution

It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where it is known only from Duchesne and Uintah Counties.[1] There are seven populations of the plant located in three main areas. Five of the seven populations contain 250 or fewer plants.[12]

Ecology

This mustard grows in the Uinta Basin on the

Hymenopappus lugens. Cryptantha barnebyi, C. grahamii, the Mentzelia and Linum all appear to be similarly restricted to this area, or nearly so in the last case.[6] It flowers in May to July.[4] The plant is pollinated by several species of bees, likely including Dialictus perdifficilis, D. sedi, Evylaeus pulveris, Andrena walleye, A. prunorum and Halictus rubicundus.[12]

Conservation

This plant is threatened by

tar sands. All the populations of the plant are located on land which has been leased for oil and gas exploration.[12] Its habitat is located over a large deposit of oil shale which may be a target for extraction.[1] When the plant was added to the Endangered Species List, parts of populations had been destroyed during energy development activities.[3] The populations are already somewhat isolated due to habitat fragmentation, which is increased by roads running through the area. Dust from the roads and from energy activity may negatively affect the plant in several ways. Some of the processes that affect the habitat and the plant also affect the plant's pollinators, such as bees.[12] Other threats include off-road vehicle use, grazing, and the mining of surface rock for use as building stone.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Glaucocarpum suffrutescens Version 7.1". NatureServe Explorer. The Nature Conservancy. January 2015. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Hesperidanthus suffrutescens (Rollins) Al-Shehbaz". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 Mar 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e USFWS. Final rule to determine Glaucocarpum suffrutescens (Toad-flax cress) to be an endangered species. Federal Register October 6, 1987.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0195318227
    .
  5. ^
    Rollins, Reed Clark (December 1937). "Botanical Studies in the Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado"
    . Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 26: 224, 225. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  6. ^
    Rollins, Reed Clark (July 1938). "Glaucocarpum, a new genus in the Cruciferae"
    . Madroño. 4 (7): 232–234. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  7. ^ "Thelypodium suffrutescens". International Plant Names Index. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  8. ^ "Glaucocarpum suffrutescens". International Plant Names Index. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  9. ^ "Schoenocrambe suffrutescens". International Plant Names Index. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  10. ^ a b c Glaucocarpum suffrutescens. Archived 2011-08-28 at the Wayback Machine Center for Plant Conservation.
  11. ^ "Hesperidanthus suffrutescens". International Plant Names Index. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d e USFWS. Schoenocrambe suffrutescens Five-year Review. November 2010.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hesperidanthus_suffrutescens&oldid=1212119094"