Highlands, New Jersey
- See also New York–New Jersey Highlands for the northwestern part of New Jersey.
Highlands, New Jersey | |
---|---|
Twin Lights of the Navesink | |
Eastern (EDT)) | |
ZIP Code | |
Area code(s) | 732 exchanges: 291, 708, 872[14] |
FIPS code | 3402531500[1][15][16] |
GNIS feature ID | 0885253[1][17] |
Website | www |
Highlands is a
Highlands was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 22, 1900, from parts of Middletown Township. Additional parts of Middletown Township were annexed in 1914.[24]
Highlands was part of the
On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the eastern seaboard of the United States, making landfall just north of Atlantic City, before causing significant damage to businesses and homes in the borough.
History
The oldest route to the eastern coast of the United States is the Minisink Trail which started on the upper
One year after Verrazzano explored the area,
In 1609,
Many years after Hudson's trip to the area, the Highlands of Navesink saw a number of Dutch who traded with the Navesink Indians and prepared nautical charts. William Reape, one of the Dutch, made a bargain with the local natives to trade land in exchange for rum, blankets and gunpowder.
Eventually, the Dutch settlers named the land "Rensselaer's Hoeck," but British settlers took over and renamed the settlement "Portland" in 1664. The group purchasing the land included James Hubbard, John Bawne, John Tilton Jr., Richard Stout, William Goulding and Samuel Spear.
Three years later, in 1677, Richard Hartshorne purchased a 2,320-acre (940 ha) tract of land from the Native Americans which provided him with control of nearly all of Sandy Hook and Highlands which was then called "Portland Poynt." Hartshorne and his family became the first permanent settlers of the area.
Some early settlers soon realized the importance Highlands and Sandy Hook would have in the defense of the country. People in Highlands and Sandy Hook could warn New York of any enemies approaching by sea and also to help guide ships into
The hills of the Highlands of Navesink and Sandy Hook also played an important role during the
Captain
However, two years later the Loyalists captured Huddy and brought him to Gravelly Point in Highlands where he was allowed to write his will. Then Huddy was hanged for the death of Captain Philip White who had been captured by Rebels earlier in Long Branch and shot while being transported to Freehold. Huddy was not involved in the shooting, as he was in a British prison at the time, but was hanged anyway. His body was carried by patriots to Freehold and buried. Today, a monument in Huddy Park honors Captain Joshua Huddy.
In 1796, the first hotel in the Highlands of Navesink was built and many other hotels were built until the War of 1812. Two years later, the tourism began to grow and new hotels were built on Sandy Hook and on the hills of Highlands. In addition, a number of new homes were being built and visitors were coming to Highlands by the boatload.
Author
By 1880, numerous hotels, beach pavilions and private clubs were flourishing in Highlands. It was the beginning of a glorious era for the small town on the Shrewsbury River. Trains and steamships brought vacationers to celebrate post-Civil War prosperity.
New York theatrical producers and famous actors built summer homes in Highlands. The area became so popular that Harper's Magazine sent a journalist down nearly every summer in the 1870s and 1880s to write about the community and its people.[26]
The Seashore Railroad had been built on the Sandy Hook peninsula during 1865 and a ferry service was established to take passengers across the river from Highlands to his hotel on Sandy Hook. Then a bridge was constructed in 1872 and the ferry service ceased operations. The new drawbridge was about 1,500 feet (460 m) and 18 feet (5.5 m) wide. It was constructed at a cost of $35,000 and opened in 1872, but was closed for three years when a
On Lighthouse Hill were the Twin Lights which is one of the most historic sites in the nation. Built in 1862, it was the first twin light house, the first electric powered light, the first glimpse of America for incoming ships, the first in the nation to use the Fresnel lens, the first to use wireless telegraphy, and the site of the first experiments with radar.[27]
Light House Hill (also known as Beacon Hill) was employed as a site for a beacon as early as 1746, when
In 1899, Guglielmo Marconi, the inventor of wireless telegraphy demonstrated his invention at the Twin Lights so the New York Herald could be the first to have news of the 1899 America's Cup races to be run off the New Jersey Coast.[29]
By the 1920s, Highlands was a popular tourist destination. By 1932, however, century-long steamboat operations on the Shrewsbury and Navesink Rivers came quickly to an end.
Before World War II, the northern tower was the first place where experiments with radar were held. So successful were the tests that, soon after the war, radar was the major tool of navigation and the government decided to decommission the Twin Lights and abandon the building as an operative light house.
During 1900, Highlands was incorporated and passed an ordinance prohibiting horses, cows and pigs from running loose on the streets. It also ordered that three-inch hemlock and chestnut planking be used as curbs along the officially designated streets.
By 1920 the "manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors" was prohibited. However, "rum-running" was a common practice for New Jersey's beachfront and Highlands became the main port for the infamous trade. Highlands also had great boat-building facilities which could produce boats faster than the authorities could catch. The Jersey Skiff, designed and built in Highlands, became the primary craft to be used in the smuggling operations.
Highlands became known for
Gertrude Ederle spent all of her summers in Highlands and learned to swim at the beach on Miller Street. She would swim from Sandy Hook to the Highlands Bridge in two hours and forty minutes to train for her famous English Channel swim in 1926. She became the first woman to swim the English Channel, and also the first to be given a ticker-tape parade on Broadway. Ederle attended the 1975 dedication of a park in Highlands named in her honor.[30]
During 1975, all military installations on Sandy Hook (except for the U.S. Coast Guard) were decommissioned and the land was given to the National Park Service to become the Gateway National Recreation Area.
In 2012, during
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.39 square miles (3.59 km2), including 0.74 square miles (1.92 km2) of land and 0.65 square miles (1.67 km2) of water (46.47%).[1][2]
The borough borders the Monmouth County municipalities of Atlantic Highlands, Middletown Township and Sea Bright.[34][35][36]
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1900 | 1,228 | — | |
1910 | 1,386 | 12.9% | |
1920 | 1,731 | 24.9% | |
1930 | 1,877 | 8.4% | |
1940 | 2,076 | 10.6% | |
1950 | 2,959 | 42.5% | |
1960 | 3,536 | 19.5% | |
1970 | 3,916 | 10.7% | |
1980 | 5,187 | 32.5% | |
1990 | 4,849 | −6.5% | |
2000 | 5,097 | 5.1% | |
2010 | 5,005 | −1.8% | |
2020 | 4,621 | −7.7% | |
2022 (est.) | 4,620 | [10] | 0.0% |
Population sources: 1900–1920[38] 1900–1910[39] 1910–1930[40] 1940–2000[41] 2000[42][43] 2010[19][20] 2020[9] |
2010 census
The
Of the 2,623 households, 15.5% had children under the age of 18; 31.3% were married couples living together; 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 55.8% were non-families. Of all households, 45.3% were made up of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91 and the average family size was 2.70.[19]
14.2% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 37.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.1 years. For every 100 females, the population had 101.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 100.6 males.[19]
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010
2000 census
As of the
There were 2,450 households, out of which 19.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.3% were non-families. 41.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.90.[42][43]
In the borough the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 36.8% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.[42][43]
The median income for a household in the borough was $45,692, and the median income for a family was $50,985. Males had a median income of $50,296 versus $31,265 for females. The
Government
Local government
Highlands is governed by a
As of 2023[update], the mayor of the Borough of Highlands is Carolyn Broullon, whose term of office ends December 31, 2025.[3] Members of the Highlands Borough Council are Council President JoAnne Provenzano Olszewski (2023), Leo Cervantes (2024), Karen Chelak (2024) and Donald Melnyk (2023).[52][53][54][55][56]
Federal, state and county representation
Highlands is in the 6th Congressional District[57] and is part of New Jersey's 13th state legislative district.[58][59][60]
For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 6th congressional district is represented by Frank Pallone (D, Long Branch).[61][62] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[63] and Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs, term ends 2025).[64][65]
For the 2024-2025 session, the 13th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Declan O'Scanlon (R, Little Silver) and in the General Assembly by Vicky Flynn (R, Holmdel Township) and Gerard Scharfenberger (R, Middletown Township).[66]
Monmouth County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of five members who are elected at-large to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats up for election each year as part of the November general election. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects one of its members to serve as director and another as deputy director.[67] As of 2024[update], Monmouth County's Commissioners are:
Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are: Clerk Christine Giordano Hanlon (R, 2025; Ocean Township),[75][76] Sheriff Shaun Golden (R, 2025; Howell Township)[77][78] and Surrogate Rosemarie D. Peters (R, 2026; Middletown Township).[79][80]
Politics
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 1,387 | 48.51% | 1,429 | 49.98% | 43 | 1.50% |
2016 | 1,172 | 52.11% | 983 | 43.71% | 94 | 4.18% |
2012 | 837 | 43.78% | 1,044 | 54.60% | 31 | 1.62% |
2008 | 1,108 | 45.86% | 1,266 | 52.40% | 42 | 1.74% |
2004 | 1,230 | 50.85% | 1,164 | 48.12% | 25 | 1.03% |
2000 | 878 | 40.40% | 1,177 | 54.16% | 118 | 5.43% |
1996 | 629 | 31.02% | 1,108 | 54.64% | 291 | 14.35% |
1992 | 832 | 36.78% | 939 | 41.51% | 491 | 21.71% |
As of March 23, 2011, there were 3,118 registered voters in Highlands, of whom 880 (28.2%) were registered
In the
In the
Education
The Highlands School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade at Highlands Elementary School.[90] In the 2016–2017 school year, Highlands was tied for the 40th-smallest enrollment of any school district in the state, with 190 students.[91] As of the 2018–2019 school year, the district, comprising one school, had an enrollment of 192 students and 22.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.4:1.[92]
For seventh through twelfth grades, public school students attend Henry Hudson Regional High School, a comprehensive six-year high school and regional public school district that serves students from both Atlantic Highlands and Highlands.[93][94] As of the 2018–2019 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 331 students and 39.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.5:1.[95] As of the 2018–2019 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 331 students and 39.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.5:1.[95] Seats on the high school district's nine-member board of education are allocated based on the population of the constituent municipalities, with five seats assigned to Highlands.[96][97]
Transportation
Roads and highways
As of May 2010[update], the borough had a total of 15.19 miles (24.45 km) of roadways, of which 12.50 miles (20.12 km) were maintained by the municipality, 1.52 miles (2.45 km) by Monmouth County and 1.17 miles (1.88 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[98]
Public transportation
Popular culture
The Kevin Smith film Jersey Girl is set in Highlands, but was filmed in Paulsboro, New Jersey.[104]
In addition, Highlands' ZIP code (07732) is featured in the opening titles of
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Highlands include:
- Gertrude Ederle (1905–2003), swimmer who was the first woman to swim across the English Channel, she learned to swim in Highlands during summers spent living in the borough[105]
- comic book artist[106]
- Jason Mewes (born 1974), actor who is best known for his role as Jay, the vocal half of the duo Jay and Silent Bob[108]
- WeatherTech SportsCar Championship[109]
References
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- ^ Letter from President John Hamilton to the Council of New York-relating to the destruction of the Beacon on the Highlands of Neversink, New Jersey Lighthouse Society. Accessed October 15, 2013. "Light-House Hill, also known as Beacon Hill was used as a site for a beacon as early as 1746. At that time, England was at War with France in the War of Austrian Succession. The colonies of both England and France was in danger of being taken over by the other. A beacon system was established near the site of the present Twin Lights, that was to be used in the event the French decided to invade New York."
- ^ Stattel, Erin O. "Twin Lights beacon was nation's first radio station " Archived 2013-10-16 at archive.today, Atlanticville, June 18, 2009. Accessed October 15, 2013. "The year was 1899, and an Italian American named Guglielmo Marconi placed a receiving station, complete with an antenna, at the Twin Lights, sending results of the America's Cup yacht races off the tip of Sandy Hook to editors at the New York Herald and demonstrating the wireless telegraph."
- ^ Ederle Park, Borough of Highlands. Accessed October 30, 2019. "The park was first dedicated to Gertrude Ederle on August 14, 1975. Trudy attended that ceremony."
- ^ Staff. "Mayor's Column: Voorhees adopts Highlands", The Voorhees Sun, February 21, 2013. Accessed September 1, 2015. "Highlands Borough was destroyed when a storm surge of 10 feet swept in from the bay beginning as early as Oct. 28. Homes and businesses were severely damaged or destroyed, including the famous Bahrs Landing and Lusty Lobster Fishery."
- ^ Applebome, Peter, "Lifting a Town to Escape the Next Storm", The New York Times, February 22, 2013. Accessed April 27, 2023. "But four months after Hurricane Sandy almost obliterated downtown Highlands, an unlikely idea with one enormous historical antecedent seems to be taking hold here: Don’t just raise the buildings. Raise the town....Yes, even the proponents here concede, it will be a long shot to persuade the federal government to spend more than $25 million to raise Highlands’s downtown 10 feet as a permanent solution to flooding, storm damage and rising seas.... 'Right now, there’s no endgame,' said Frank Nolan, mayor of this community of 5,000 residents where 1,250 of the 1,500 homes and virtually all the businesses were destroyed or badly damaged by the hurricane."
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- ^ Burton, John. "Borough voters going to the polls on Tuesday elected two members to the borough council in the borough's first non-partisan election. Voters approved a referendum in November that changed the election to a non-partisan vote.", The Two River Times, May 14, 2014. Accessed June 11, 2015. 'Borough voters going to the polls on Tuesday elected two members to the borough council in the borough's first non-partisan election. Voters approved a referendum in November that changed the election to a non-partisan vote."
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- ^ Highlands Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Highlands School District. Accessed April 3, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades pre-kindergarten through six in the Highlands School District. Composition: The Highlands School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of the Borough of Highlands."
- ^ Guion, Payton. "These 43 N.J. school districts have fewer than 200 students", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 2017. Accessed January 30, 2020. "Based on data from the state Department of Education from the last school year and the Census Bureau, NJ Advance Media made a list of the smallest of the small school districts in the state, excluding charter schools and specialty institutions.... 40. Highlands Borough (tie) Enrollment: 190; Grades: Pre-K-6; County: Monmouth; Town population: 5,005"
- ^ District information for Highlands Borough School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
- ^ Henry Hudson Regional School District 2016 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed November 3, 2017. "Henry Hudson Regional School is a comprehensive public school, which serves two communities of students: Atlantic Highlands and Highlands, NJ."
- ^ About Henry Hudson, Henry Hudson Regional High School. Accessed November 3, 2017. "This school district serves the towns of Atlantic Highlands and Highlands and students in grades seven through twelve."
- ^ a b School data for Henry Hudson Regional School, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
- ^ Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the Henry Hudson Regional School District, New Jersey Department of Education, for year ending June 30, 2018. Accessed March 1, 2020. "The district encompasses the Boroughs of Atlantic Highlands and Highlands. The Board of Education is comprised of five members from Highlands and four members from Atlantic Highlands. They are elected to three_year terms and meet on the third Wednesday of each month for the Regular Board Meeting."
- ^ School Board Members, Henry Hudson Regional High School. Accessed April 3, 2020.
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- SeaStreak. Accessed October 13, 2014.
- ^ Strauss, Robert. "Best Movie Performance By a Municipality?", The New York Times, March 14, 2004. Accessed November 3, 2017. "In Jersey Girl, which Mr. Smith said has its autobiographical moments, Paulsboro substitutes for Highlands, where Mr. Smith grew up."
- ^ Severo, Richard. "Gertrude Ederle, the First Woman to Swim Across the English Channel, Dies at 98", The New York Times, December 1, 2003. "Ederele was born Oct. 23, 1905, in New York City, one of four daughters and two sons of Henry Ederle, a butcher and provisioner, and his wife, Anna. Her father owned a summer cottage in Highlands, N.J., and she learned to swim on the Jersey Shore."
- ^ Staff. "Q&A – Walt Flanagan (Comic Book Men)", AMC. Accessed November 2, 2016. "I knew of him in high school but I didn't speak to him. It was only after he graduated. We both worked at a recreation center in our town, Highlands."
- ISBN 1557837945. Accessed February 6, 2013. "Bryan Johnson, the director of Vulgar (2000) and the actor who portrays comic book snob Steve-Dave in the View Askew universe was born in Highlands and later attended Highlands Elementary and Henry Hudson Regional High School (the latter named after the sea captain who first explored the area in 1609)."
- ^ via Associated Press. "Judge orders Mewes to finish drug rehab", USA Today, April 2, 2003. Accessed October 17, 2013. "Mewes, a Highlands native now living in Hollywood, Calif., must complete the program before he's allowed to leave New Jersey, Farren said."
- ^ Smith, Muriel J. "Champion Race Car Driver Still Calls Highlands Home", The Two River Times, October 8, 2015. Accessed October 22, 2020. "Unmarried and still living in Highlands, Montecalvo readily admits racing is still a risky business, but is quick to point out that safety and motorsports have come a long way in the last 10 years."