History of the New England Patriots

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Regular season winning percentage, 1960–2010

This article contains an in-depth explanation of the history of the

NFL
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Earlier NFL experience

Boston had previously been home to several NFL teams. The first was the

Boston Braves/Redskins, from 1932 to 1936.[2] They played first at Braves Field and then at Fenway Park.[2] The team moved to Washington following the 1936 season.[2] The Boston Yanks played from 1944 to 1948 before moving to New York to become the New York Yanks.[3][4]

1960–1969: AFL beginnings

On November 16, 1959, Boston business executive Billy Sullivan was awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League (AFL).[5] In addition to William and Joseph Sullivan, other initial investors in the team were John Ames, a lawyer,[6] Dean Boylan, president of Boston Sand & Gravel), George Sargent, an insurance executive, Dom DiMaggio, former Boston Red Sox center fielder,[7] Dan Marr, president of Marr Scaffolding Co, Ed McMann, president of the Northeast Packing Co, Paul Sonnabend, vice president of Hotel Corporation of America, and Edgar Turner, president of the 7-Up Distributors Corp.[8] Each of the founders invested $25,000 to capitalize the team.[8]

The following winter, locals were allowed to submit ideas for the Boston football team's official name.

United States of America an independent nation. Immediately thereafter, artist Phil Bissell of The Boston Globe developed the "Pat Patriot" logo.[12]

On July 30, 1960, the Boston Patriots defeated the

the 1966 season and 1,216 during the 1967 season.[19] He was named the AFL MVP in 1966.[19]

1970-1973: Post AFL–NFL merger

After the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, the league required that all teams reside in stadiums with at least 50,000 seats.[20] Prior to 1970, The Patriots did not have a regular home stadium. Nickerson Field,[21][22] Harvard Stadium,[23] Fenway Park, and Alumni Stadium, served as home fields during their time in the American Football League.[24] None of the four stadiums the Patriots had used up to that point qualified, and there was little room in Boston for a new stadium.[20] Due to this, discussions about a possible relocation to Tampa, Florida occurred.[25][26]

In 1971, the Patriots moved into a new stadium in suburban

Schaefer Stadium, was built at a cost of about $6.2 million in only 327 days.[32] The stadium was one of the first stadiums in the country to be named after a corporate sponsor, as the Schaefer Brewing Company paid $1 million for naming rights.[32]

The first event held at the new Schaefer Stadium was a preseason game against the New York Giants on August 15, 1971.[32] A massive traffic jam on Route 1 prevented many fans from getting in until halftime.[33][34]

In

1971 NFL Draft.[37][38] The Patriots also signed free agent Randy Vataha, a wide receiver.[39]

1973–1978: Fairbanks era

Hall of Fame offensive guard John Hannah, who played with the Patriots from 1973 to 1985, has been regarded among the best all-time offensive linemen.[40]

The Patriots added three players to the team from the

1973 NFL Draft; offensive guard John Hannah, who became the first career Patriot to make the Pro Football Hall of Fame;[41] running back Sam Cunningham, the team's all-time leading rusher;[42][43] and wide receiver Darryl Stingley.[44]

In 1973, the team hired Chuck Fairbanks, who had been head coach at the University of Oklahoma, as head coach.[45][46] The Patriots improved in Fairbanks's second season, 1974, finishing 7–7.[47] During the 1975 season, QB Plunkett was injured and the team ended the season 3–11.[48][49] Following the 1975 season, Plunkett was traded to the San Francisco 49ers,[50] and eventually would win two Super Bowls with the Oakland Raiders.[51]

The draft picks acquired in the Plunkett trade were used to select defensive backs Mike Haynes and Tim Fox.[51][52] The Patriots finished the 1976 season 11–3, their best record in team history to that point, and advanced to the playoffs for the first time since 1963 as a wild card-berth.[53]

1976 playoffs

The Patriots played the

Ray "Sugar Bear" Hamilton sacked Oakland quarterback Ken Stabler, which would have forced the Raiders into a 4th-down situation.[54] However, referee Ben Dreith called a roughing the passer penalty on Hamilton, nullifying the sack and giving the Raiders an automatic 1st down.[54] The penalty was debated later, but gave the Raiders the opportunity to score.[54][55] Stabler scored on a short touchdown run with less than a minute left, and the Raiders held on for a 24–21 win.[56]

1977-1978

The 1977 season was a disappointing one for the Patriots, due in part to contract holdouts by offensive linemen John Hannah and Leon Gray.[57] The Patriots finished 9–5, one game out of first place in the AFC East, and out of the playoffs.[58]

In a 1978 preseason game against the Raiders, wide receiver Darryl Stingley was paralyzed from the neck down from a tackle by Oakland's Jack Tatum.[59] The Patriots finished 11–5 for their first post-merger AFC East championship.[60] However, hours before the final game of the regular season, coach Chuck Fairbanks announced he would be leaving the team to become head coach at the University of Colorado.[61] Owner Billy Sullivan immediately suspended Fairbanks, and offensive coordinator Ron Erhardt and defensive coordinator Hank Bullough were left to coach the final game without a head coach.[62] Fairbanks was reinstated for the playoffs, but the team lost its divisional playoff game 31–14 to the Houston Oilers, which also was the first Patriots post-season game at Schaefer Stadium.[63]

1979–1984: Coaching changes

For the next two years, the Patriots would suffer late-season losses that denied them return trips to the playoffs. In 1979, after starting 7–3, the team lost five out of their last eight games, to finish 9–7 and out of the playoffs.[64] In 1980, with running back Sam Cunningham holding out all season,[65] the Patriots started 6–1[66] but finished 10–6, again out of the playoffs.[67] The Patriots continued to slide in 1981, finishing 2–14.[68]

Following the 1981 season, Erhardt was fired

1982 NFL Draft and selected Kenneth Sims, a defensive end from the University of Texas at Austin.[71]

In the

Mark Henderson, a convict on work release, used a tractor to clear a swath of field to aid the Patriots.[72] Kicker John Smith's 33-yard attempt was good, and they were the only points scored by either team that afternoon.[72] The win helped put the Patriots in the playoffs, but the first-round rematch in Miami was won by the Dolphins.[73][74]

In 1983, the naming-rights deal for the stadium with Schaefer expired, and the stadium was renamed Sullivan Stadium.

drafted in the first round.[76] Eason played sparingly in 1983, but became the Patriots' starting quarterback in 1984.[76][77] The team ended the season 8-8.[78]

The Patriots, with the top pick in the

1984 NFL Draft, selected Irving Fryar, a wide receiver from the University of Nebraska.[79] With Tony Eason starting at quarterback, the Patriots got off to a 5–2 start.[80][81] However, after a few losses, the Patriots fired head coach Ron Meyer and replaced him with former Baltimore Colts wide receiver Raymond Berry.[82] The team won three of their first four games under Berry.[83][84][85][86] The team lost several games late in the 1984 season, and finished out of the playoffs at 9–7.[87]

1985: First Super Bowl appearance

Craig James rushes the ball against the Dolphins in the 1985–86 AFC Championship Game.

After struggling to start the 1985 season, and Eason suffering a shoulder injury in October, coach Raymond Berry replaced Eason with Grogan.[88] Grogan broke his leg during the 12th game of the season and Eason took over as starting quarterback.[89][90] New England won six straight games and finished 11–5.[91] They then beat the New York Jets 26–14, earning a wild card berth to the playoffs.[91]

In the divisional playoff against the Los Angeles Raiders, the Patriots forced six turnovers and won 27–20.[92] Dawson started the game with a touchdown, then when the Patriots were kicking off in the 4th quarter, a fumble by the Raiders resulted in a touchdown for Jim Bowman.[92] After beating the Raiders, the Patriots were set to play the Miami Dolphins in the AFC Championship.[92] Days before the championship game, Irving Fryar was injured in a domestic incident and had to have his hand cast.[93] The Patriots defeated the Dolphins 31–14.[94] Eason threw touchdowns to running back Tony Collins and tight end Derrick Ramsey early in the game.[94] Later, a touchdown by Mosi Tatupu won the Patriots the AFC Championship of 1985.[94] They went on to the Super Bowl XX, where they faced the Chicago Bears.[94]

The Patriots' defense attempting to stop a Bears' end zone rushing play during Super Bowl XX.

In the Super Bowl, the Patriots took an early 3–0 lead after Walter Payton fumbled in the 1st quarter, resulting a field goal by Tony Franklin.[95] The Bears would scored 44 points, including a touchdown by rookie defensive lineman William "The Refrigerator" Perry.[96] The Patriots made one touchdown,[97] at the end to make the final score 46–10.[95]

1986–1992: Ownership changes and struggles

Defensive players Johnny Rembert (left) and Brent Williams (right) are members of the Patriots' All-1980s and All-1990s Team, respectively.

Soon after the 1985 Super Bowl,

marijuana users.[98][99] In May 1986, allegations surfaced that Fryar was involved in gambling of NFL games.[100][101] In July 1986, offensive lineman John Hannah retired.[102]

In 1986, the Patriots' strength was their passing game, led by Eason and receiver Stanley Morgan, who gained nearly 1,500 yards receiving.[103] The Patriots led the AFC East with an 11–5 record and traveled to Denver to take on the Broncos in the divisional playoffs.[104] A 4th-quarter touchdown pass from John Elway to Vance Johnson won the game for Denver.[105]

In 1987, the Patriots acquired

picket line to play his first game for the Patriots.[107] However, late-season injuries put the Patriots out of playoff contention at 8–7.[108][109] In 1988, the Patriots finished the season 9–7, narrowly missed the playoffs.[110]

During this time, the Sullivan family lost millions of dollars on poor investments, most notably from producing

1984 Victory Tour.[111] The Sullivans' losses from the Victory Tour impacted the operation of the Patriots.[111][112] The Sullivans had never been among the wealthier NFL owners, and had been forced to pledge Sullivan Stadium as collateral to finance the Victory Tour in 1984.[113][114] The losses from the Victory Tour were reportedly equivalent to the family's net worth, and the revenue from the Patriots was not enough to service the debt even after the team made it to the Super Bowl.[114] The losses from the Victory Tour forced the Sullivans to put the Patriots and Sullivan Stadium on the market in 1985.[111][113]

In August 1985,

Robert Tisch, Robert Kraft, Peter de Savary, and Joe O'Donnell also made offers for the team.[122][123][124][125]

By the start of 1988, the Sullivans were heading for bankruptcy and at one point had to get a $4 million advance from the league to make payroll.[112] Sullivan sought to sell 50 percent of the team's shares to the public. The NFL turned down this request out of hand.[126] Instead, it appointed a four-man committee vested with what amounted to "wartime powers" to resolve the Patriots' finances by any means necessary–up to and including selling the team. However, NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle made clear that it would be untenable for the Patriots to remain under the Sullivans' control. For all intents and purposes, the Sullivan era was over.[127]

After an attempt to sell a stake in the team to

Remington Products magnate Victor Kiam in 1988 for $90 million,[128][114] though Billy Sullivan remained team president.[129] However, the stadium lapsed into bankruptcy, and Kiam was outbid for it by Boston paper magnate Robert Kraft.[114]

In 1988, the Patriots missed the playoffs by one game.[130] The 1989 season was bad for the team. Three of the team's defense players, Andre Tippett, Garin Veris and Ronnie Lippett, were injured in the same preseason game.[131] The team rotated the quarterback job throughout the season.[132] The Patriots waived Eason during the season and he was picked up by the Jets.[133] The Patriots finished the season 5–11.[134]

Following the season, Flutie left for the Canadian Football League,[135] and general manager Dick Steinberg left to take a job with the New York Jets.[136] Berry was fired and replaced by Pittsburgh Steelers defensive coordinator Rod Rust for 1990.[137] The Patriots finished with the worst season in franchise history in 1990 – a 1–15 record.[138]

The day after the team's only win that year,

Robert Perryman $12,500, $5,000, and $5,000 respectively.[139] Their season finale against the New York Giants was a sellout; however, most of the fans at the game were Giants fans.[141] The team lost that game, missing a game-tying field goal in the closing seconds.[142]

After the 1990 season, the Patriots changed their front office. Rust was fired

CEO of the Patriots.[145]

The Patriots improved in 1991. Hugh Millen took over as quarterback partway through the season.[146] The Patriots ended the season at 6–10 with several upsets over playoff teams, including wins against the Minnesota Vikings and future AFC Champion Buffalo Bills.[147][148][149]

In May 1992, St. Louis businessman and Anheuser-Busch heir James Orthwein purchased Kiam's majority stake in the Patriots. Kiam was in severe financial straits and owed Orthwein millions. With most of his money tied up in either Remington or the Patriots, Kiam was forced to sell the team in order to repay Orthwein.[150][151] Rumors began swirling of a possible move of the Patriots to St. Louis, given Orthwein's desire to return an NFL team to his hometown.[150][152][153] The Patriots finished the 1992 season, 2–14,[154] leading to the departures of MacPherson and Jankovich.[155][156]

1993–1996: Parcells era

1993

In 1993, the Patriots hired Bill Parcells, a two-time Super Bowl winner, as head coach.[157] Also in 1993, the uniforms and logo were changed.[158] The old "Pat Patriot" logo was retired and replaced with a Patriot head, designed in tandem with NFL Properties that many fans would eventually call "Flying Elvis".[159][160][161] The team's primary color changed from red to blue, and the helmets from white to silver.[158]

The Patriots had the first pick in the

1993 NFL Draft, and selected quarterback Drew Bledsoe from Washington State.[162] They also drafted linebacker Chris Slade.[163] Bledsoe started the season as the starting quarterback, but was injured and replaced with former Dolphins backup Scott Secules.[164][165][166][167]

The 1993 season began with a 1–11 record,[168] but ended the season by winning their last four games in a row, over Cincinnati, Cleveland, Indianapolis, and over Miami in overtime in the finale, eliminating the Dolphins from the playoffs.[169][170][171][172]

1993–94 offseason: Bob Kraft Buys the Team

Throughout the 1993 season, rumors continued that the team was going to move to St. Louis. In the 1993 off-season, the issue reached its climax. Orthwein offered

hostile takeover of the Patriots, offering to buy the team himself for a then-NFL record $160 million in 1994.[173][174] Although future St. Louis/Los Angeles Rams owner Stan Kroenke offered more money than Kraft, Orthwein would have been saddled with as much as $20 million in relocation costs, as well as any legal expenses resulting from breaking the lease. With Kraft making it clear that he would seek an injunction that would have forced Kroenke or any other potential buyer to keep the Patriots in Foxborough, Orthwein was all but forced to accept Kraft's bid.[173][175]

On February 26, 1994, Kraft's first full day as owner of the Patriots, the team sold a record number of season tickets.[176] In September, the Patriots sold out the entire 1994 season.[177] Every Patriots home game-preseason, regular season, and playoffs-has been sold out since.

1994

Quarterback Drew Bledsoe

Halfway through the 1994 season, the Patriots were 3–6 and had lost 4 straight games when they faced the Minnesota Vikings for Week 10.[178] Drew Bledsoe started a second-half comeback by switching to a no-huddle offense.[179][180] Bledsoe set single-game records for pass attempts and completions, and the Patriots won the game 26–20 in overtime.[179] The Patriots won their last seven games of the regular season, finishing 10–6 and making the playoffs as a wild card.[181] In the first round of the playoffs, the Patriots were beaten by the Cleveland Browns 20–13.[182]

1995

The Patriots drafted

1995 NFL Draft.[183] The Patriots won their opening day match against the Browns.[184] Martin had a good season as a rookie, winning the conference rushing title and was named Rookie of the Year.[185] Bledsoe struggled with injuries,[186] the team struggled with inconsistency,[187] and the Patriots finished 6–10.[188]

During the 1995, the Patriots had their first home appearance on Monday Night Football since 1981.[189] During the Patriots' last appearance on the program, a number of fans in attendance proved to be rowdy and uncontrollable, and there were over 60 arrests at the game.[190] As a result of this behavior, the Town of Foxborough and the NFL refused to schedule Monday night home games in New England.[191] During 1995, Robert Kraft lobbied for the Town of Foxborough and the NFL to schedule the Patriots on a Monday night.[192] The NFL granted Kraft's request, scheduling the Patriots on Monday, October 23, in a game against the Buffalo Bills.[189] The Patriots won the game, 27–14, and the crowd was peaceful and orderly, with only a handful of isolated disturbances and arrests.[189]

Also during 1995, the primary home station for most Patriots regular season games changed. Since 1965, the games had aired on

WHDH-TV took on airing the NFL on NBC package locally.[194]

1996: Second Super Bowl appearance

In the

1996 NFL Draft, the Patriots selected wide receiver Terry Glenn with their first round draft pick.[195] The Patriots started out lackluster in 1996. After an early-season loss to the Redskins at home dropped the Patriots to 3–3,[196] the Patriots won their next four games,[197] and finished the season 11–5.[198] The Patriots won the AFC East and earned a first-round bye in the playoffs as the #2 seed.[199] The Patriots defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 28–3 in a divisional playoff game.[200] They then beat the Jacksonville Jaguars 20–6 in the first AFC Championship game played in Foxboro.[201] The team advanced to Super Bowl XXXI against the Green Bay Packers.[201]

In the months and years after Kraft's purchase of the Patriots, relations between Kraft and Parcells were increasingly strained. This was primarily due to a struggle over Parcells' authority over football operations as Kraft wanted Parcells to yield some of his authority over personnel moves to a separate general manager.

MVP Desmond Howard gave the Packers their 12th title.[205] The final score was 35–21.[205]

1997–1999: Pete Carroll years

1997

After the Super Bowl, Parcells resigned from the Patriots.

1999 Draft in return for allowing Parcells to become the Jets' head coach.[210]

After former San Francisco 49ers head coach George Seifert turned down the job, Kraft hired Pete Carroll as the new head coach of the Patriots.[211] In 1997, the Patriots won the AFC East with a 10–6 record, but some key losses meant the team had to play in the wild card round in the playoffs.[212] After beating the Miami Dolphins 17–3 in Foxboro, the Patriots played the Pittsburgh Steelers in Pittsburgh.[213] A late fumble won the game for Pittsburgh, 7–6.[214]

1998