Ian Johnson (cricketer)
off-spin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Role | All rounder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
International information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
National side | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Test debut (cap 164) | 29 March 1946 v New Zealand | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Test | 2 November 1956 v India | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic team information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years | Team | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1935/36–1955/56 | Victoria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Career statistics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: ESPNcricinfo, 26 February 2008 |
Ian William Geddes Johnson, . Urbane, well-spoken and popular with his opponents and the public, he was seen by his teammates as a disciplinarian and his natural optimism was often seen as naive.
Aged 17, Johnson made his
Johnson was appointed Australian captain following
After retirement, Johnson worked for a time as a
Early years
Johnson was born in
As a schoolboy, Ian Johnson excelled at a variety of sports. He participated in athletics and Australian rules football, as well as playing as a wicket-keeper for Middle Park State School. In 1936, he became the Victorian amateur squash champion.[4] However, he found his vocation in cricket. In 1934–35, aged only 16, and still a schoolboy at Wesley College, Johnson played his first match for the South Melbourne Cricket Club First XI.[1]
He was given the opportunity to play first-class cricket the following season, playing
He did not play first-class cricket again for three years, finally returning to the Victorian side to play another two games against Tasmania in 1938–39, making his highest first-class score to date, 88 runs, in the second game.
Johnson's cricket career was interrupted by the war and he enlisted in the
Test career
Debut and early Test career
Following his discharge from service, Johnson returned to first-class cricket in the 1945–46 season, winning a place on the
Test cricket resumed in Australia with the visit of the
Johnson met with less success in the
A weak
Bradman's Invincibles
Johnson was a member of Don Bradman's Australian team touring England in 1948. Known as the Invincibles, the Australian team was the first side to remain unbeaten through an entire English tour.[29] Johnson started the tour well, taking 7/42 in an early tour match against Leicestershire,[30] followed by 5/53 against Surrey.[31] Against Essex, Johnson took 6/37 in the second innings. Earlier in the match Australia had scored 721 runs in a single day; Johnson made 9.[32]
Having earned selection for the First Test at Trent Bridge, Johnson took only one wicket in the match; Australia won the Test by eight wickets.[33] He had more success in the Second Test at Lord's taking three wickets in the first innings as Australia won the match by 409 runs.[34] Johnson failed to take a wicket in a rain-affected Third Test at Old Trafford,[35] and was replaced after the Fourth Test, having taken only seven wickets in the series at an average of 61.00.[1][36] Wisden Cricketers' Almanack noted that while Johnson had started the tour well, he was not as effective in English conditions as Australian.[37]
[Johnson] was not so troublesome to batsmen in Tests as when at home, principally because of the difference in pace of the pitches and his inability to bowl round the wicket, an almost essential part in the make-up of an off-spinner in England. False expectation against Johnson in Australia usually cost a batsman his wicket, but on slower English pitches there was time to change a stroke and still keep the ball out of the stumps, even though beaten by flight.
— Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, 1949[37]
Nonetheless, Johnson played an important role in maintaining the Australian team's unbeaten record, bowling more overs than anyone other than Bill Johnston—allowing Bradman to rest Keith Miller and Ray Lindwall, his fast bowling pair, for the important matches.[13]
Decline in form
During the Test series in
The next summer, the
When the
Captaincy
Selection
While the Australian team lost the Ashes for the first time in twenty years, Johnson spent the winter of 1953
The other contender for the vacant national captaincy position was
There is strong feeling amongst cricket enthusiasts that horse trading on a state basis rather than objective evaluation of cricket skills has dominated selectors' discussions. The operating principle seems to have been "you look after my man and we'll look after yours."
— The Daily Telegraph editorial[49]
Ashes defeat
Johnson's first challenge as captain was
Wisden attributed England's victory to "superb fast bowling by Tyson and Statham [that] turned the scales so that finally the Australian batsmen were completely humbled".[53] Losing three successive Tests saw the selectors of the Australian team subjected to harsh criticism.[53] In the four Tests that Johnson played, he claimed 12 wickets at 20.25 and had a batting average of 58.00—inflated because of a series of not out innings; his highest score for the series was 41.[58][59]
Caribbean success
In March 1955, Johnson led Australia's first Test tour of the
As well as being popular, the Australian team was successful on the field, winning the series three Tests to nil.
A major rift between Johnson and Miller—erstwhile rivals for the Australian captaincy—developed during the Fourth Test, played at Kensington Oval in Barbados.[1] During the third day, Miller, bowling fast-medium swingers, had dismissed Everton Weekes and Collie Smith in quick succession to leave the West Indies at 6/147 with Denis Atkinson and Clairmonte Depeiaza batting.[1][65] Johnson, thinking that the two batsmen would be vulnerable to express pace, asked Miller to increase his bowling speed. When Miller refused, Johnson remonstrated with him: "I'll say who bowls and what they bowl".[1] With Miller refusing to bowl as directed, Johnson replaced him in the attack with Ray Lindwall. Walking off the field at the end of the day's play and continuing in the dressing room, Miller provoked Johnson, telling him he "couldn't captain a team of schoolboys", among other insults.[1] Finally Johnson responded, asking "If you want to go on like that why don't we go around the back and thrash it out?"[1] The much larger Miller declined the offer and the pair travelled back to the team hotel together.[1][13] The next day, Atkinson and Depeiaza batted throughout the entire day's play. Their partnership of 347 runs for the seventh wicket is still a world record.[66]
In the Fifth and final Test, the Australians scored 758 runs in their only innings—including maiden Test centuries for Benaud and Ron Archer, centuries for Miller and Colin McDonald, and a double century for Neil Harvey—to win the match by an innings and 83 runs.[67]
Overall, despite the team's victory in the series, Johnson's on-field contribution was inconsistent.
Donald Bradman wrote to
"Lakered"
Johnson led his Australian team to England in 1956. The team's visit to England coincided with what was described by Wisden as "the wettest of all summers in memory".[70] The poor weather gave the Australian team little chance to develop their confidence and Johnson used the early matches of the tour to allow his batsmen and bowlers to experiment in the unfamiliar conditions.[70] In one of these early matches, Surrey defeated Australia by ten wickets; the first time Australia had lost to county opposition since 1912.[71] In parallel with later events in the Old Trafford Test, off-spinner Jim Laker took all ten wickets in the Australian first innings; Laker and left-arm spinner Tony Lock took 19 of the 20 Australian wickets that fell in the match.[72] While Johnson was successful with the ball, taking 6 wickets for 168; his preconceived tactics saw him allow Lindwall—his main fast bowler—only two overs in Surrey's first innings and attempt to turn Alan Davidson into a spin bowler.[1][72] Cricket writer Ray Robinson said of Johnson's tactics throughout the tour, "I have not met one good cricketer or cricket judge who is not mystified by them".[4] The manner of this loss severely dented Australia's confidence against spin for the remainder of the tour.[1]
The First Test, at Nottingham, was affected by rain and, despite England declaring twice, the match ended in a draw.[73] Injuries to Lindwall and Davidson meant an under-strength Australian team was forced to take the field in the Second Test at Lord's.[70] In what Wisden described as a "triumph of teamwork", the Australians won the match by 185 runs.[74] Johnson was unlucky to lose the toss in the Third Test at Leeds, because Lock and Laker were able to take maximum advantage of a pitch conducive to spin. The duo took 18 of the 20 Australian wickets and England won the match by an innings and 42 runs.[75]
The Fourth Test at Manchester proved controversial. The Old Trafford pitch had little grass, perhaps as a result of earlier wet weather.[76] Again, Johnson lost the toss and England chose to bat first. Johnson and his spinning partner, Richie Benaud were unable to exploit the spin-friendly conditions and the English made 459 runs. In reply, the Australians could not come to grips with the conditions; Laker took nine of the ten wickets, Lock the other, as Australia were brushed away for just 84.[77] Amid wild weather, the Australians were asked to follow-on. A determined batting performance was not enough to prevent an English victory by an innings and 170 runs.[77] Laker's performance was historic. He took 10/53, the first time in a Test match a bowler had taken all ten wickets in an innings.[78] With his 9/37 in the first innings, he had captured 19 wickets for the match, still a world record in first-class cricket.[79] Wisden reported that the Australians were "extremely bitter over the condition of the pitch".[77] Former Test cricketer and journalist Bill O'Reilly wrote "This pitch is a complete disgrace" while Colin McDonald later said, "England cheated: if by cheating you include the practise of preparing wickets to suit your own purpose."[80] Johnson was generous towards the victors. Playing down the discontent felt by the Australians, he said: "When the controversy and side issues of the match are forgotten, Laker's wonderful bowling will remain."[77] The media reported that Australia had been "Lakered".[81]
The Fifth and final Test was drawn and Australia lost the series two Tests to one. Australia had now lost three Ashes series in a row, the last two with Johnson as captain. His own form was modest; he took only six wickets in the Tests at an average of over 50 runs per wicket.[82] His performance with the bat was worse, scoring just 61 runs at an average of only 7.62.[83] Once again, Johnson's place in the team was questioned. Acerbic cricket pundit Sid Barnes—a former teammate—joked that Johnson was "Australia's non-playing captain".[84] Bill Ferguson, the Australian team's scorer, was also critical: "Had Johnson been told by his friends in the press that he was, in fact, a passenger, he might have pondered on the advisability of standing down. [...] There would have been no shame in standing down."[1] Writing after the tour, Miller—a tour selector—stated "Privately I thought that [Johnson] was not a form selection. On the other hand, I did not think it wise to change skippers in midstream."[85]
I was over the hill, no doubt about it. So were [Miller] and [Lindwall]. But even though I wasn't performing well, I still thought I was important to the side.
— Ian Johnson[86]
Home and retirement
On the return journey from England, the Australians toured
When the team finally arrived home, Johnson announced his retirement from all cricket at the age of 39.[13] In all, he played 45 Tests, capturing 109 wickets at an average of 29.19, including three five-wicket hauls. He scored exactly 1,000 runs, making him one of only fourteen Australians to achieve the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets in Test cricket.[91] In all first-class cricket, Johnson had taken 619 wickets and scored 4,905 runs.[92]
His record as the Australian captain was mixed; he had captained Australia in 17 Tests, winning seven and losing five.[93] However, he was better known as the first captain to lead Australia to successive Ashes defeats in the 20th century.[94] Reviewing Johnson's time as captain, Wisden said, "Unfortunately for him, he took over in the mid-1950s, when Australian cricket was decidedly inferior to England's for the first time since before the Bradman era" but "he was a fine cricketer and, in some respects, a visionary".[21]
Personal life
In 1942, aged 24, Johnson married 19-year-old Lal Park, the daughter of former Test cricketer Roy Park. They were married for 56 years and had two sons, Bill and Bob.[13] After the war, when cricket commitments allowed, Johnson worked as a salesman.[95] Immediately following his retirement, Johnson spent some time as one of the first television sporting commentators in Australia, covering the 1956 Summer Olympics, held in his home town of Melbourne.[96] He wrote a book; Cricket at the Crossroads, published in 1957.[1]
The following year, Johnson was chosen from a group of 44 candidates for the position of secretary of the Melbourne Cricket Club.[21] The position—previously held by Test cricketers Hugh Trumble and Vernon Ransford—is one of the most prestigious jobs in Australian cricket.[97] During a time of "dramatic change", he helped to maintain the Melbourne Cricket Ground's ("MCG") pre-eminence as a sporting arena.[21] Johnson managed the club and the ground through some major redevelopment, keeping a balance between the competing interests of Australian rules football and cricket. For services to sports administration, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1976.[98] He played a leading part in organising the Centenary Test, held at the MCG in 1977.[99]
For 20 years, he served as a member of the Victorian state parole board.[1] After serving Melbourne Cricket Club for 26 years, he retired to spend more time at his home in the southern Melbourne suburb of Albert Park and his holiday house in Torquay.[1] In 1982, his OBE was upgraded, when he was invested as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to cricket.[100] He died in Melbourne in 1998 following a long illness.[92]
Style and personality
Unusually for an Australian, Johnson bowled
Jack Pollard described Johnson as a "dour middle order batsman".[99] He had a sound defence and when necessary could hit the ball with power.[101] Bradman was full of praise for Johnson's batting after the Invincibles tour in 1948: "Splendid batsman—most valuable about number 7", also describing him as a "very good slip field".[102]
As captain, Johnson was noted for his public relations skills and his gift for public speaking.[103] He was optimistic by nature, with a belief in "guts and determination".[104] However, he was seen as insensitive at times; Bill Johnston took offence when Johnson attempted to rouse him during a practise session: "Just cos you are one of the old blokes in the side doesn't mean you don't have to bloody well put in you know."[69] At times his optimism could appear artless and naive. Ian Craig—his successor as Australian captain—was critical of Johnson's attitude during the 1956 tour of England: "I don't think [Johnson] was ever realistic about the situation. [...] I supposed he felt obliged to make rallying speeches, but the team knew what was going on."[86] Pat Crawford felt "Johnson couldn't get anything out of the players, whereas the guys would have busted a gut for [Miller]".[86] He was seen by some of his teammates as "dictatorial" with Benaud and Harvey particularly resenting Johnson's insistence on the entire touring party attending every lead-in match before 1956 Test series in England.[21][86]
Johnson was sportsmanlike; on one occasion in South Africa, when
I got the faintest of faint touches and Godfrey [Evans] went up, half-heartedly. John followed him, but the umpire said not out. Well I saw John's shoulders sag, and he looked so crestfallen that on the spur of the moment I nodded to the umpire and walked.
— Ian Johnson[106]
Johnson was not above some gamesmanship, resorting to time-wasting tactics to avoid defeat in the final Test of the 1956 series against England.[1] He was willing to have some fun on occasion; when in the West Indies he convinced a local pilot to allow him to fly the plane carrying the Australian team between Trinidad and nearby Tobago, to the later displeasure of the Australian Board of Control.[1]
Normally diplomatic, in a newspaper article in South Africa, Johnson was blunt with his hosts about race relations in the country: "I am certain that the average man-in-the-street avoids the problem too much for, at the moment, you're living in a fool's paradise".[107] Urbane, courteous and popular with opposition players and spectators, Colin Cowdrey described Johnson as "an astute leader and fine ambassador for cricket".[108]
Test match performance
Batting[109] | Bowling[110] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Opposition | Matches | Runs | Average | High Score | 100 / 50 | Runs | Wickets | Average | Best (Inns) |
England | 22 | 485 | 16.72 | 77 | 0/2 | 1590 | 42 | 37.85 | 6/42 |
India | 6 | 124 | 15.50 | 73 | 0/1 | 339 | 19 | 17.84 | 4/35 |
New Zealand | 1 | 7 | 7.00 | 7 | 0/0 | – | – | – | – |
Pakistan | 1 | 13 | 13.00 | 13 | 0/0 | 66 | 4 | 16.50 | 4/50 |
South Africa | 6 | 117 | 19.50 | 66 | 0/1 | 519 | 22 | 23.59 | 5/34 |
West Indies | 9 | 254 | 25.40 | 66 | 0/2 | 668 | 22 | 30.36 | 7/44 |
Overall | 45 | 1000 | 18.51 | 77 | 0/6 | 3182 | 109 | 29.19 | 7/44 |
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Robinson (1996), pp. 241–247.
- ^ "William Johnson". CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ a b "Johnson, Ian William Geddes". Legends and past players – Victorian Premier Cricket. Cricket Victoria. Archived from the original on 22 July 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ a b c Derriman (1987), pp. 150–153.
- ^ a b "Tasmania v Victoria: Other First-Class matches 1935/36". CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ "Tasmania v Victoria: Other First-Class matches 1935/36". CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ "Tasmania v Victoria: Other First-Class matches 1938/39". CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ "Tasmania v Victoria: Other First-Class matches 1938/39". CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ "South Australia v Victoria: Sheffield Shield 1939/40". CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ a b "First-class Batting and Fielding in Each Season by Ian Johnson". CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ a b "First-class Bowling in Each Season by Ian Johnson". CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ a b "Johnson, Ian William". World War II nominal roll. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Perry (2000), pp. 192–199.
- ^ "Johnson, Ian William: Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air". Search Australian Honours. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
- ^ "Elementary Flying Training Schools". RAAF Museum. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
- ^ "New Zealand v Australia: Australia in New Zealand 1945/46 (Only Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
- ^ "Victoria v Marylebone Cricket Club: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1946/47". CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 May 2008. Note: Until 1977, outside Test matches, touring England teams played as Marylebone Cricket Club.
- ^ "Australia v England: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1946/47 (1st Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
- ^ a b c "Australia v England: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1946/47 (2nd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
- ^ a b "Second Test Match: England v Australia 1946–47". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1948. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Obituary: Ian Johnson". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1999. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
- ^ "Australia v England: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1946/47 (3rd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
- ^ "Australia v England: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1946/47 (4th Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
- ^ "Fifth Test Match: England v Australia 1946–47". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1948. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- ^ "5th Test, England tour of Australia at Sydney, Feb 28 – Mar 5 1947". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- ^ a b Pollard (1988), p. 568.
- ^ "Test Bowling for Australia: India in Australia 1947/48". CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
- ^ "Australia v India: India in Australia 1947/48 (3rd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
- ^ "Sporting greats – Australia reveres and treasures its sporting heroes". Australian Government – Culture and Recreation Portal. Archived from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
The 1948 Australian cricket team captained by Don Bradman, for example, became known as 'The Invincibles' for their unbeaten eight-month tour of England. This team is one of Australia's most cherished sporting legends.
- ^ "Leicestershire v Australians: Australia in England 1948". CricketArchive. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "Surrey v Australians: Australia in England 1948". CricketArchive. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "Essex v Australians: Australia in England 1948". CricketArchive. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "England v Australia: Australia in England 1948 (1st Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "England v Australia: Australia in England 1948 (2nd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "England v Australia: Australia in England 1948 (3rd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "Test Bowling for Australia: Australia in England 1948". CricketArchive. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ a b "England 0 Australia 4: Australians in England, 1948". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1949. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
- ^ "Test Bowling for Australia: Australia in South Africa 1949/50". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ a b "Australia in South Africa, 1949–50". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1950. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ "South Africa v Australia: Australia in South Africa 1949/50 (1st Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ "South Africa v Australia: Australia in South Africa 1949/50 (3rd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ a b "M. C. C. team in Australia and New Zealand, 1950–51". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1952. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ "Test Bowling for Australia: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1950/51". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ "Australia v England: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1950/51 (3rd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ Pollard (1988), p. 388.
- ^ a b "West Indies in Australia and New Zealand, 1951–52". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1953. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ "Test Bowling for Australia: West Indies in Australia 1951/52". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ Haigh (2006), p. 48.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Haigh (2006), pp. 83–85.
- ^ Haigh (2006), p. 84. "On cricketing merits, Miller was vastly Johnson's superior."
- ^ "Bowling in Sheffield Shield 1953/54 (Ordered by Wickets)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ "Australia v England: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1954/55 (1st Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ a b c d "MCC in Australia and New Zealand, 1954–55". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1956. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ "Second Test Match: England v Australia 1954–55". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1956. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ a b "Third Test Match: England v Australia 1954–55". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1956. Retrieved 4 June 2006.
- ^ Marylebone Cricket Club. "Laws of Cricket 1947 Code (Second Edition) – Law 10". Cricinfo. Retrieved 27 June 2008. "Under no circumstances shall the Pitch be watered during a match."
- ^ "Australia v England: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1954/55 (3rd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ "Test Bowling for Australia: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1954/55". CricketArchive. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ "Test Batting for Australia: Marylebone Cricket Club in Australia 1954/55". CricketArchive. Retrieved 4 June 2008. As batting averages are calculated by total number of runs scored by a batsman divided by the number of times he has been out, not out innings—where the batsman has not been dismissed—will increase his average.
- ^ a b "Australians in West Indies, 1954–55". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1956. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ "First Test Match: West Indies v Australia 1954–55". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1956. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ "West Indies v Australia: Australia in West Indies 1954/55 (2nd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ "Records – Test matches – Best figures in an innings by a captain". Cricinfo. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ "West Indies v Australia: Australia in West Indies 1954/55 (3rd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ "West Indies v Australia: Australia in West Indies 1954/55 (4th Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ "Records – Test matches: Highest partnership for the seventh wicket". Cricinfo. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ "West Indies v Australia: Australia in West Indies 1954/55 (5th Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ "Test Bowling for Australia: Australia in West Indies 1954/55". CricketArchive. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ a b c d Haigh (2006), p. 95.
- ^ a b c Preston, Norman (1957). "England 2 Australia 1: Australians in England, 1956". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
- ^ Williamson, Martin (20 August 2005). "Jim Laker's other ten-for". Cricinfo. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
- ^ a b "Surrey v Australians: Australia in England 1956". CricketArchive. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
- ^ "First Test Match: England v Australia 1956". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1957. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
- ^ "Second Test Match: England v Australia 1956". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1957. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
- ^ Preston, Norman (1957). "Third Test Match: England v Australia 1956". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
- ^ Frith (2007), p. 238.
- ^ a b c d "Fourth Test Match: England v Australia 1956". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1957. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
- ^ "Records: Test matches-Best figures in an innings". Cricinfo. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
- ^ "Records: First-class matches – Best figures in a match". Cricinfo. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
- ^ Haigh (2006), pp. 97–98.
- ^ Gillon, Doug (19 May 2008). "Jim Laker: cricket's master of spin". The Herald (Glasgow). Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
- ^ "Test Bowling for Australia: Australia in England 1956". CricketArchive. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
- ^ "Test Batting for Australia: Australia in England 1956". CricketArchive. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
- ^ Smith (1999), p. 187.
- ^ Miller (1956), p. 138.
- ^ a b c d Haigh (2006), p. 99.
- ^ "Test Match: The unplayable Mahmood". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive. John Wisden & Co. 1957. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
- ^ "India v Australia: Australia in India 1956/57 (1st Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
- ^ "India v Australia: Australia in India 1956/57 (3rd Test)". CricketArchive. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
- ^ Vaidyanathan, Siddhartha (4 October 2004). "A history of Australia in India over the years". Cricinfo. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
- ^ "Records – Test matches: 1000 runs and 100 wickets". Cricinfo. Retrieved 9 June 2008. Correct as at December 2017.
- ^ a b Eyre, Rick (12 October 1998). "Ian Johnson Obituary". Cricinfo. Retrieved 13 June 2008.
- ^ "Records – Most matches as captain: Australia – Test matches". Cricinfo. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2008.
- ^ Perry (2000) p. 192. "Losses to England in the mid-twentieth century received more publicity. They are better recalled than the jubilant tours to far-off lands that allowed Johnson to end with two more Test wins than losses."
- ^ Haigh (2006), p. 22.
- ^ Haigh (2006), p. 265.
- ^ Williams, pp. 182–183. While the source is discussing Donald Bradman's candidacy in 1939, it states "Nevertheless, the job was, and indeed still is, one of the most attractive jobs in the world of Australian cricket ..." and "The job was one of the most prestigious in Australian cricket."
- ^ "Johnson, Ian William: Award: The Order of the British Empire – Officer (Civil)". Search Australian Honours. Australian Government. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
- ^ a b c Pollard (1988), pp. 603–604.
- ^ "Name: Johnson, Ian William: The Order of the British Empire – Commander (Civil)". Search Australian Honours. Australian Government. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
- ^ a b c Martin-Jenkins (1980), p. 193.
- ^ a b Bradman (1994), p. 227.
- ^ Haigh (2006), p. 92.
- ^ Robinson (1996), p. 245. "With his slogan 'Guts and determination', Johnson had too much fire to lose heart, even when on the ropes."
- ^ Haigh (2006), p. 28.
- ^ Haigh (2006), p. 41. This was Warr's only wicket in Test cricket.
- ^ Haigh (2006), p. 17.
- ^ Cowdrey (1986), p. 197.
- ^ Cricinfo. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
- Cricinfo. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
Bibliography
|
|