In-vessel composting
In-vessel composting generally describes a group of methods that confine the
This technique is generally used for municipal scale
Evaluation is ongoing with regard to the health risks associated with compost derived from sewage biosolids—including identifying safe levels of contaminates such as
Offensive
A more advanced systems design is able to limit the odor issues considerably, and it is also able to raise the total energy and resource output by integrating in-vessel composting with anaerobic digestion. Through anaerobic decomposition it is also possible to reduce pathogen levels similarly to that of traditional aerated composting when the anaerobic bioreactors operate at thermophilic temperatures, between 41 and 122 °C (106 and 252 °F).§[6]
Gallery
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Biosolids composting facility – receiving and mixing bays and five reactor chambers
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Composting chamber material after one week
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Composting chamber material after two weeks
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Air supply and exhaust system for enclosed composting
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Exhaust biofilter mound
See also
- Aerated static pile composting
- Anaerobic digestion
- Compost
- List of solid waste treatment technologies
- Mechanical biological treatment
- Waste management
- Windrow composting
References
- ISBN 978-0-935817-19-5
- ^ Aerated Static Pile composting Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Toxic 'Risk Assessment of Pollutants in Biosolids". EPA. EPA. 26 February 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
- ^ "PFAS Strategic Roadmap: EPA's Commitments to Action 2021-2024". EPA. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
- ^ "'I don't know how we'll survive': the farmers facing ruin in America's 'forever chemicals' crisis". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. 22 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
- .