Indohyus

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Indohyus
Temporal range:
Ma
↓
Life restoration of Indohyus major
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: †Raoellidae
Genus: †Indohyus
Rao, 1971
Species
  • †I. indirae
  • †I. major

Indohyus (Meaning "India's pig" from the Greek words Indos, "from India" and hûs, "pig") is an extinct

whales.[1]

Discovery

The fossils were discovered among rocks that had been collected in 1971 in

auditory bulla, formed from the ectotympanic bone in a shape which is highly distinctive, found only in the skulls of cetaceans both living and extinct, including Pakicetus.[3]

Indohyus and raccoon skulls showing the ear structure of the auditory bulla

Paleobiology

About the size of a

mousedeer or water chevrotain which, when threatened by a bird of prey, dives into water and hides beneath the surface for up to four minutes.[3][5]

From isotopes and the structure of the bones in the fossils Indohyus had heavy bones. Heavy bones help reduce the buoyancy of living aquatic mammals so that they do not float up to the surface of the water.[6]

Classification

osteosclerotic bones indicate that the raccoon-like or chevrotain-like Indohyus was habitually aquatic, but 13C values suggest that it rarely fed in the water. The authors suggest this documents an intermediate step in the transition back to water completed by the whales, and suggests a new understanding of the evolution of cetaceans.[8][9]

References

  1. S2CID 28232300. Archived from the original
    on 2017-05-04.
  2. ^ Ranga, Rao, A (1971). "New mammals from Murree (Kalakot Zone) of the Himalayan foot hills near Kalakot, Jammu and Kashmir state, India". Journal of the Geological Society of India. 12 (2): 124–134.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b Sample, Ian (19 December 2007). "How Bambi evolved into Moby-Dick". Guardian.
  4. ^ Zimmer, Carl (December 19, 2007). "Whales: From So Humble A Beginning..." The Loom, ScienceBlogs. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012.
  5. ^ Myers, PZ (19 December 2007). "Indohyus". Pharyngula. ScienceBlogs. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007.
  6. ^ Zimmer, Carl (2007-12-19). "Whales: From So Humble A Beginning..." National Geographic. National Geographic. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  7. S2CID 4416444. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
  8. ^ Holmes, Bob. "A life spent chasing down how whales evolved". New Scientist. New Scientist. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  9. ISBN 978-1118561270
    .
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