Ios
Ios
Ίος Nios | |
---|---|
Chora Hill , Windmills in Chora | |
UTC+3 (EEST) | |
Postal code | 840 01 |
Telephone | 22860 |
Website | ios |
Ios, Io or Nio (
Chora
The Port of Ios is at the head of the Ormos harbour in the northwest. There is a path up the nearby hill to Chora, named after the Greek word for the main village on an island. Chora is a white and
Name
According to
Geography and geology
The shape of Ios resembles a rectangle, with an average side size of 15 km (9.3 mi) and 7 km (4.3 mi) respectively. The longest axis is in the NW direction, from the Karatza cape to the Achlades Peninsula and is 17.5 km (10.9 mi) long, while the longest axis, in the AD direction, is 14 km (8.6 mi) long. Ios has 86 km (53.4 mi) of coastline, of which 32 km (19.9 mi) are sandy beaches.[11]
The highest elevation (723 m, 2372 ft) is the Kastro (Greek: Κάστρο) peak also called Pyrgos (Greek: Πύργος), located in the center of the island, while around the Kastro are the next three Highest peaks: Xylodema (Greek: Ξυλόδεμα) (660 m, 2165 ft), Kostiza (Greek: Κοστίζα) (586 m, 1923 ft) and Prophetis Elias (Greek: Προφήτης Ηλίας) (490 m, 951 ft).[11]
Ios consists almost entirely of
Plan Homer
In case of extreme events like
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1696 | 3,000 | — |
1771 | 1,400 | −1.01% |
1829 | 2,177 | +0.76% |
1856 | 2,167 | −0.02% |
1879 | 2,113 | −0.11% |
1889 | 2,043 | −0.34% |
1896 | 2,171 | +0.87% |
1907 | 2,090 | −0.35% |
1920 | 2,154 | +0.23% |
1928 | 1,797 | −2.24% |
1940 | 2,041 | +1.07% |
1951 | 1,753 | −1.37% |
1961 | 1,343 | −2.63% |
1971 | 1,270 | −0.56% |
1981 | 1,362 | +0.70% |
1991 | 1,654 | +1.96% |
2001 | 1,838 | +1.06% |
2011 | 2,024 | +0.97% |
2021 | 2,299 | +1.28% |
Source: [13][11][14][15][16][17][18][19] [22][23] |
According to the
Food
The island is famous for its local cheeses. They are mainly made in the municipal creamery using milk from goats or sheep. The most famous one is the "skotíri" (σκοτύρι), a sour cheese with the smell of summer savory. Popular dishes of Ios are the "tsimediá" (τσιμεντιά , pumpkin flowers stuffed with rice) and "mermitzéli" (μερμιτζέλι, handmade barley).[24]
Education
In 1827 the local leaders of Ios wrote a letter to the revolutionary government of Greece requesting a school to open in the island.[25] During the 1850s the first school opened which housed a small number of students of all ages. The type of school that operated was called Skolarcheion (Greek: Σχολαρχείον) and was equivalent to an elementary school with some high school basic courses. Most students at the time didn't graduate as their time was occupied helping their families in the fields. This resulted in a large percentage of illiterate children. The richer families sent their children to schools of the nearby islands. From 1936 the first elementary school was founded. In 1972 the first kindergarten was opened and in 1980 the first high school that had some senior high school courses. Today, in Chora there is a kindergarten, a high school, a senior high school and an EPAL high school.[26]
History
Prehistory
Ios from the prehistoric era and thanks to its safe natural harbour played an important role on the sea roads to Crete. The early Cycladic settlement on Skarkos hill and other prehistoric sites on the island have been found by archaeologists.[27] [28] Ios was under the influence of the
Ios became
Classical and Hellenistic times
Ios was an important and strong city in
Numismatics
During the 3rd and 2nd century BC as Ios became part of the league of the islanders, she minted her own coins, most of them can be found in the Berlin Archaeological Museum and British Museum. There are 28 known different coins. They depict Homer, a palm tree or Athena, as she was worshiped on the island. Most of them had the writing ΙΗΤΩΝ meaning of the people of Ios.[30]
Middle Ages
Albanians settled in Ios either by invitation of the Crispi family or later in 1579 to repopulate the island as its inhabitants had been sold into slavery in 1558. The Albanians of Ios were linguistically assimilated in the second half of the 18th century as Greeks settled in the island.[31]
1820s
Although Ios did not have a strong naval force, it was one of the first islands to raise the flag of revolution in when the Greek War of Independence began in 1821. Ios took part in the naval battle at Kuşadası on July 9, 1821, as well as in the Second National Assembly at Astros in 1823 and in the Third National Assembly at Troezen in 1827.
Modern times
In a modern era, the island began to emerge in the 1970s as an increasingly popular tourist destination for young people in Europe. Today Ios retains its reputation as an island of youth and entertainment, with excellent tourist infrastructure, an organised marina at its harbour and an adequate road network.[32]
Ecclesiastically, its territory is now part of the
Homer's death
The legend
The island is very strongly connected with Homer, because according to the legend, Homer died in Ios. Considered the greatest epic poet of the Greeks, the legend accounts that he died because he violated a Pythian oracle. According to Pausanias, Homer visited the Delphi oracle to ask Pythia about his parents and origins. Pythia replied with the oracle "Your mother's home is the island of Ios, which will accept you when you die, but you should be careful of the enigma of the young children." The poet, however, broke the oracle and traveled to Ios. There he saw some small children fishing on the coast. He asked what they had caught and the children replied: "Whatever we get we leave it and whatever we don't get we take it with us". The children were talking about lice. Those who found them, killed them, but those who did not find them, had them to their heads. Homer did not find the answer, but he remembered the warning of Pythia. He was horrified and ran away quickly.[33] The road was muddy and the poet in his hurry slipped and fell, hitting his head and dying almost instantaneously.[34]
According to another version, Homer died from his sadness that he did not solve the puzzle, while a third version says he was already seriously ill and went to Ios because he knew he would die. Of course, the death of Homer is not based on historical records, but on myths and traditions that circulated from oral tradition. Pausanias simply recorded a popular narrative.[33][11]
Count Pasch de Krienen's expedition
In 1771, a Dutch count named Pasch di Krienen after having read the narrative, came to Ios in order to find the grave. He was informed by a local priest of the Saint Aikaterini Chapel that there is a place with marbles and some of which had inscriptions. He was told that they were constructed long after Homer's death but he persisted and with the help of Spyridon Valetas he found three graves and the last one had inscriptions about Homer including Ενθάδε την ιερήν κεφαλήν κατά γαία καλύπτει ανδρών ηρώων κοσμήτορα θείον Όμηρον which means here under the earth lies the sacred head of heroic Homer. When he found this, Pasch was sure that the grave belonged to the epic poet but he spotted some grammatical mistakes on the gravestone and he began doubting its authenticity. After having spent considerable time and money, he decided to give up after having also found two graves at Agia Theodoti[35][36]
On 25 January 1884 the alleged tomb of Homer was visited by Theodore and Mabel Bent during their tour of the Cyclades.[37]
Beaches
Ios attracts a large number of young tourists, many of whom used to sleep on their sleeping bags during the 1970s on the popular beach of Mylopotas after partying through the night. Today Mylopotas beach has been developed to an equivalent mass package tourism resort like Platys Gialos and Paradise Beach of Mykonos.
Climate
Ios has a
Climate data for Ios island (3m) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
27 (81) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
26.8 (80.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
22.1 (71.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
11 (52) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14 (57) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 74 (2.9) |
69.8 (2.75) |
66.2 (2.61) |
25.2 (0.99) |
1 (0.0) |
0.5 (0.02) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0 (0) |
1.6 (0.06) |
33.7 (1.33) |
53.5 (2.11) |
52.6 (2.07) |
378.2 (14.84) |
Source: http://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/ios/ (2019 – 2020 averages) |
Timeline
Year | Event |
---|---|
3rd millennium BC | Humans start living in the island |
350 BC | The island minted the first coins depicting Homer |
314 BC | The island joined the League of the Islanders |
300 BC - 200 | It becomes part of the provincia insularum
|
286 | It becomes part of the Byzantine Empire |
1207 | The island is conquered by the Duchy of Naxos
|
1269 | The island is regained by the Byzantine Empire |
1296 | The island is conquered by Domenico Schiavi and remained in his family |
1335 | The island is conquered for a second time by the Duchy of Naxos
|
1371 | The island is under Francesco I Crispo's control and his family's |
1537 | The island is occupied by Hayreddin Barbarossa but remains under the control of the Crispo family |
1558 | The island is attacked by Pirates causing most of the people of Ios to move to other islands
|
1566 | After the death of the last Cripi, the island becomes part of the Ottoman Empire and its under the administration of Joseph Nasi |
March 1, 1821 | Panagiotis Amoiradakis raised the flag of the Greek revolution in Ios |
July 9, 1821 | The island takes part in the Naval battle of Kuşadası |
1830 | Ios becomes part of Greece |
Notable people
Ancient
Modern
- Spyridon Valetas (1779–1843), scholar, member of Filiki Eteria
- Lakis Nikolaou (1949– ), footballer
- Jean-Marie Drot (1929-2015), writer and cinematographer who loved the island and also founded The Jean Marie Drot Museum in Ios[39]
Gallery
-
Tomb of Homer
-
View of Chora
-
Chora
-
Windmills
-
Manganari Beach
-
Young Hippies on Ios during the 1970s
-
Western view of Ios
-
Eastern view of Ios
References
- ^ "Aegean Islands Brand Guidelines" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-03-25. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ^ a b "Η Νιος σε τόνους του άσπρου και του μαύρου - σχετικά άρθρα - Το Βήμα Online". Archived from the original on 2018-03-19. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
- ^ "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), IOS".
- ^ "Stephanus-Ethnica".
- ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
- ^ "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
- ^ a b Newsroom (19 October 2015). "Ίος: Το νησί του Ομήρου". Archived from the original on 11 December 2017.
- ^ "Untitled Document". gym-iou.kyk.sch.gr. Archived from the original on 2017-12-28. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
- ^ "Cultural Portal of the Aegean Archipelago".
- ^ "History of Ios Island". Archived from the original on 2017-03-18. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- ^ a b c d e f "ΒΕΛΤΙΩΣΗ ΥΦΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΗΣ ΟΔΟΥ ΠΡΟΣΒΑΣΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΑΛΙΑ ΚΑΛΑΜΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΝΗΣΟΥ ΙΟΥ" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ^ https://diavgeia.gov.gr/doc/68%CE%97%CE%97%CE%A9%CE%95%CE%A0-%CE%A3%CE%A7%CE%9C?inline=true [bare URL PDF]
- ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00025.pdf p.36
- ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00023.pdf p.211
- ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00016.pdf p.180
- ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00004.pdf p.97
- ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00003.pdf p.17
- ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00002.pdf p.14
- ^ http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00097.pdf p.37
- ^ Βικέντιος Κορονέλι Isolario volume II page 262, Venice 1696
- ^ Πας Βαν Κρινεν Brave discrizione dell Archipelago, Livorno 1773
- ^ "Drakou 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
- ^ Kapodistrias 1829 census
- ^ "Ίος (Γαστρονομία - τοπικά προϊόντα) - αθηνόραμα travel". www.athinorama.gr. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04.
- ISBN 9789605600518
- ^ http://nefeli.lib.teicrete.gr/browse/sdo/tour/2011/DrakouMargarita/attached-document-1300432232-113994-30049/drakou2011.pdf Archived 2020-10-27 at the Wayback Machine page 66-67
- ^ a b c "Ίος Ιστορία". www.iosinfo.gr. Archived from the original on 2017-03-01.
- ^ "iosgreece.info". Retrieved 2024-02-15.
- ^ "Amphictyones" – A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890)
- ^ E Nesos Ios(Ios Island) by Theodoros Othonaios, Athens 1936 page 78
- ^ Jochalas, Titos P. (1971): Über die Einwanderung der Albaner in Griechenland: Eine zusammenfassene Betrachtung ["On the immigration of Albanians to Greece: A summary"]. München: Trofenik. pg. 89–106.
- ^ "Ίος Ιστορία". Archived from the original on 2017-03-01. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
- ^ a b "Πώς πέθανε ο ποιητής Όμηρος που αψήφησε το χρησμό του μαντείου; Ο θρύλος με το αίνιγμα που δεν κατάφερε να λύσει και τον οδήγησε στο θάνατο - ΜΗΧΑΝΗ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΟΝΟΥ". 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017.
- ^ Herodotus (1761). "Hē tou Hērodotou Halikarnasseōs historia (Romanized form)".
- ^ GŎmýrou bíos@ kaì poiýmata page 45
- ^ Breve Descrizione del Arcipelago by Pasch di Krienen, 1771, page 35-47
- ^ “Next morning, Friday 25th [January, 1884] the Demarch came to fetch us to breakfast… Afterwards we and the Demarch started to Plaketos at the other side of the island: 3 hours. We saw the supposed tomb of Homer who died here on his way from Samos to Athens…’ Extract from The Travel Chronicles of Mrs J. Theodore Bent, Vol. 1 (2006, Oxford, p.39). See also, Theodore Bent, The Cyclades, or Life Among the Insular Greeks (1885, London, pp.151ff.).
- ^ "Monthly Bulletins". Retrieved 15 April 2023.
- ^ "Museum of Modern Art Jean Marie Drot | Ios Chora, Ios Island, Cyclades | Yallou". Archived from the original on 2021-10-03. Retrieved 2018-06-03.
External links
- Ios travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Municipality of Ios (in Greek and English)