Iris milesii
Iris milesii | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Iridaceae |
Genus: | Iris |
Subgenus: | Iris subg. Limniris |
Section: | Iris sect. Lophiris |
Species: | I. milesii
|
Binomial name | |
Iris milesii | |
Synonyms[1] | |
None known |
Iris milesii (also known as the red flower iris) is a plant species in the genus
Description
It is similar in form to Iris tectorum (another crested iris).[2][3]
It has a short, thick, fleshy, greenish rhizomes,[4][5][6] which are 1–1.5 cm in diameter,[7] they are larger than other crested irises.[8] Underneath the rhizomes, are fleshy roots.[2][9][10] The rhizome is marked on top, with marks or scars of previous seasons leaves.[2][9][10] The rhizome produces lateral (non-flowering) shoots, these later become new growth points for the next season.[2][9][10] During the winter months, it goes dormant, the leaves die, leaving the rhizome bare on the soil surface.[11][12]
It has around 8,[2] basal leaves,[9][10][8] which are slightly glaucous,[2][11][13] yellowish green,[2][14] or greyish green,[7] or pale green.[13][15][16] They are sword-shaped,[7][16] they can grow up to between 30–60 cm (12–24 in) long and 2.5–7 cm (1–3 in) wide.[10][17] The leaves are visibly ribbed,[2][18][14] and change in size along the stem.[2][8][13] They die away in the autumn,[3][11] to re-appear in the summer.[17]
It has slender,[12][5] stems that can grow up to between 30–90 cm (12–35 in) tall.[16][19][20] It has 2–4,[2][7] branches,[15][16][19] which are 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long.[7]
Iris milesii and Iris wattii are by far the tallest species of the crested irises group.[21]
The stems have several
The stems (and the branches) hold between 3 and 4 flowers,[7] in early summer,[4][12] between April and May,[7][11] or May to July.[2][9] They are short lived, but a continuous display can carry on for many weeks,[8][5] 8 to 10 weeks.[11]
The flowers are 6–10 cm (2–4 in) in diameter,[6][13][16] they are smaller than Iris japonica,[12] and Iris tectorum.[3][11] The flowers come in shades of pinkish-violet,[2][9] or pinkish purple,[3][13][22] or pinkish lilac,[4][13][23] pinkish-lavender,[18][16] or pale mauve.[6][19]
It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large
It has articulated pedicels, that are 2.5–4 cm (1–2 in) long.[7][13]
It has a small perianth tube, 1–1.5 cm long,[7][13] 2.5 cm long stamen, milky white anthers, 3 cm cylindric ovary.[7]
It has reddish purple, or lilac style branches, which are 3 cm long with deeply fringed (fimbriated) edges.[7][13]
After the iris has flowered, it produces an ovoid-globose,[7] or ovoid-cylindrical seed capsule,[2][9] between June and August.[7]
It is 2.8–3.3 cm (1–1 in) cm long,[9] with veining.[7] Inside the capsule, are pyriform (pear shaped) black brown seeds,[2][7] with a white aril.[7]
Biochemistry
In May 1984, a study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris milesii, to ascertain their chemical constituency. Several
In December 1884, a further study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris milesii and
Tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxyisoflavone (C16H12O7) can be found naturally within the iris,[26] rhizomes.[27]
Genetics
As most irises are
Taxonomy
It has the common names of red-flower iris,[9][22][28] and waterbird iris (in Australia).[23][29]
It is written as 红花鸢尾 in Chinese script,[7] and known as hong hua yuan wei in Pidgin in China.[7][28]
The Latin
It was first published and described by
John Gilbert Baker also described the iris in Curtis's Botanical Magazine Volume 112, tab.6889 in 1886.[13][28]It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 9 January 2003 and then updated on 1 December 2004.[28]
Iris milesii is an accepted name by the RHS.[16]
Distribution and habitat
Iris milesii is
Range
It is found in temperate Asia, within the
It is also found in tropical Asia, within the
It is also thought to be found in Tibet.[30]
Habitat
It grows in the conifer forest margins of hillsides,[11][17][19] in meadows,[11] in open groves (and clearings),[19] and wet valleys.[7][18]
They can be found at an altitude of 1,500–2,700 m (4,900–8,900 ft) above sea level.[11][17]
Conservation
They are 'abundant' in the wild.[18]
Cultivation
Iris milesii is very
It is not hardy in the North Carolina climate, because it does not survive the winter.[21] It is hardy in UK,[3][14] to −15 °C (or lower for short periods).[17] It is also hardy,[11] to Europe Zone H3,[4] although it still needs a sheltered position.[13]It is tolerant of normal garden soil,[3] but prefers well drained,[11][5] sandy, peaty soils.[17][5] It does not like lime.[12] It is tolerant of soils that are mildly acidic or mildly alkaline.[22]
It prefers a sunny[17][15][22] or semi-shade position.[5][6][29]
It also has average water needs.[11][22] It prefers to have moisture during the growing season, but it will not survive in waterlogged sites/[18]
It can be grown in mixed flower border,[11][14][6] or rock gardens.[11]
It does suffer virus problems that Iris tectorum.[11]
It is not rarely found in cultivation.[18][17][5][21]
Propagation
It can also be propagated by division or by seed growing.[11][22]
Although the Iris can produce plenty to seed,[6] propagation via division is quicker and more reliable.[11]
Toxicity
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[22]
References
- ^ "Iris milesii Baker ex Foster is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation, p. 116, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d e f g h Dykes, William (2009). "Handbook of Garden Irises" (PDF). beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises). Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) , p. 258, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Iris milesii". rareplants.co.uk. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ ISBN 0715305395.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "FOC Vol. 24 Page 308". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ ISBN 0881927309.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ahmad, Shaista. "Red Flower Iris". flowersofindia.net. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Walker, Kenneth (13 February 2015). "(SPEC) Iris milesii Foster". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 23 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Chapter II iris clump and other (part3)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "Evansia Or Crested Irises". herbs2000.com. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Richard Lynch The Book of the Iris, p. 90-91, at Google Books
- ^ ISBN 0-88192-089-4.
- ^ a b c d e Burgess, Miss J. (16 April 1935). "CRESTED IRISES OF EVANSIA SECTION". historiciris.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Search for AGM plants". rhs.org. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ ISBN 9780330327749.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Walker, Ken (24 December 2012). "Iris milesii". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "encyclopedia". cgf.net (Cotswold Garden Flowers). Retrieved 23 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d Elizabeth LawrenceThrough the Garden Gate, p. 246, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d e f g h "PlantFiles: Red Flower Iris". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ a b c Nick Romanowski Water Garden Plants & Animals: The Complete Guide for All Australia, p. 79, at Google Books
- .
- .
- ^ John Buckingham and V. Ranjit N. Munasinghe Dictionary of Flavonoids with CD-ROM, p. 639, at Google Books
- ^ J. B. Harborne The Flavonoids: Advances in Research since 1980, p. 133, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d e f "Iris milesii". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Iris milesii (Water Bird Iris)". plantdelights.com. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Iris milesii Baker ex Foster, Gard. Chron., n.s., 20: 231 (1883)". kew.org. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Sources
- Chowdhery, H. J. & B. M. Wadhwa. 1984. Flora of Himachal Pradesh.
- Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 75.
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
- Waddick, J. W. & Zhao Yu-tang. 1992. Iris of China.
External links
- Media related to Iris milesii at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Iris milesii at Wikispecies