John Neville, Baron Neville
John Neville Neville |
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John Neville, Baron Neville (c. 1410 – 29 March 1461) was an
John was a beneficiary of the spoils of war after the Yorkists fled England in 1459, being awarded many of his rival Neville cousins' confiscated lands and offices, and was also raised to the rank of baron. When
Family and background
He was born in about 1410,
He had two brothers, Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, and Sir Thomas Neville (died 1458) of Brancepeth Castle, County Durham, and one sister, Margaret Neville, who married Sir William Lucy of Woodcroft, Bedfordshire.[1][4]
At sometime before 5 February 1452 he married (as her second husband) Anne Holland (d.1486), the daughter of
- Ralph Neville, 3rd Earl of Westmorland[7] son and heir and heir to his uncle the 2nd Earl. He obtained a reversal of his father's attainder on 6 October 1472.[8]
Life
Neville–Neville rivalry
In the 1430s, John Neville's older brother, the Earl of Westmorland, waged what was virtually a private war with their uncle, the Earl of Salisbury, and the Beaufort branch of the Neville family, regarding an inheritance dispute.
After the Neville settlement of 1443, the Earl of Westmorland appears to have largely given up his role in national politics, so it was his brother John whom the party of Queen
Breakout of war
After the rout and flight of the Yorkist lords at
Lord John responded to this patronage by raising men for the Lancastrian cause before their defeat at the
From Wakefield to Towton
In December the Duke of York marched north in person to deal with the unexpectedly quick rising of the queen and her supporters. Under pretence of being an ally, Lord Neville visited him and received a commission to raise men on the duke's behalf, but joined the enemy with his recruits.[20] He was thus with the Lancastrian party at the ensuing Battle of Wakefield, 30 December, where York was defeated and slain. John's uncle and enemy, the Earl of Salisbury, and his son Sir Thomas Neville were also killed.[21] One theory explaining why Richard of York left the safety of Sandal Castle to confront the stronger Lancastrian host is that he thought John Neville would arrive to reinforce him, but Neville then instead switched sides as soon as the duke exposed himself.[22][10]
Lord Neville joined the queen's army which marched south and looted towns along the way. His troops in particular sacked
The Battle of Towton the following day secured the English throne for the House of York.[28] Neville was attainted on 4 November 1461 and his lands escheated to the crown, leaving his widow unprovided for.[29] John's son and heir, Ralph Neville, obtained a reversal of the attainder on 6 October 1472. Ralph later succeeded John's childless older brother as earl of Westmorland.[30]
Arms
Lord John Neville's coat of arms were the conventional Neville arms differenced by a fleur-de-lis azure on the center.[31]
Citations
- ^ a b c d Cokayne, Doubleday & Howard de Walden 1936, p. 504.
- ^ Stansfield 2004.
- ^ Richardson II 2011, pp. 496–7.
- ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 246–51.
- ^ Richardson II 2011, pp. 134–7.
- ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 251–2.
- ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 250–1.
- ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 252–3.
- ^ Griffiths 1968, p. 591 (+ n. 9).
- ^ a b c d Wagner 2001, p. 179.
- ^ Petre 1981, p. 424.
- ^ Petre 1981, pp. 419, 421, 424.
- ^ a b c Pollard 2004.
- ^ Petre 1981, p. 426.
- ^ Griffiths 1968, p. 591.
- ^ a b c d e Petre 1981, p. 427.
- ^ Goodman 1981, pp. 22–23.
- ^ a b c d e Petre 1981, p. 428.
- ^ Haigh 1995, pp. 33, 35–36.
- ^ Goodman 1981, p. 42.
- ^ a b c Petre 1981, p. 429.
- ^ Haigh 1995, pp. 35–36.
- ^ Goodman 1981, p. 45.
- ^ Wagner 2001, p. 180.
- ^ Petre 1981, pp. 429, 434 (n. 105).
- ^ Haigh 1995, p. 58.
- ^ Haigh 1995, p. 59 (+ map).
- ^ Wagner 2001, p. 272.
- ^ Cokayne, Doubleday & Howard de Walden 1936, p. 504 'h'.
- ^ Cokayne, Doubleday & Howard de Walden 1936, p. 505.
- ^ Nichols 1862, p. 331.
References
- Cokayne, G.E.; Doubleday, H.A. & Howard de Walden, Lord, eds. (1936). The Complete Peerage. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press.
- ISBN 978-0-7100-0728-5.
- S2CID 155012397.
- ISBN 978-0-7509-0904-4.
- Nichols, John G. (1862). "The Armorial Windows of Woodhouse Chapel" (PDF). Transactions of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological Society. Vol. 1. Leicester: Crossley and Clarke. pp. 316–344.
- Petre, James (1981). "The Nevilles of Brancepeth and Raby 1425–1499, part 1" (PDF). The Ricardian. 5 (75): 418–435. ISSN 0048-8267.
- ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ISBN 978-1-4499-6638-6.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Richardson, D. (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1-4499-6639-3.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Stansfield, M.M.N. (2004). "Holland, Thomas, fifth earl of Kent (1350–1397)". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13544. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Wagner, John A. (2001). Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses. Santa Barbara, CA, US: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-358-8.