Karl Schnörrer
Karl Schnörrer | |
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JG 7 | |
Battles/wars | See battles
|
Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
Karl "Quax" Schnörrer (22 March 1919 – 25 September 1979) was a German
Born in Nuremberg, Schnörrer served in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) in 1941, operating on the Eastern Front. He claimed his first aerial victory on 13 December 1941. In October 1942, Schnörrer became the wingman of his friend Walter Nowotny. In November 1943, he was severely wounded after he was shot down. After his convalescence, he was posted to Erprobungskommando 262, an experimental unit testing the Me 262 jet fighter. He then served with Kommando Nowotny, an operational test unit led by Nowotny, experimenting with the Me 262 under combat conditions. Following the death of his friend Nowotny on 8 November 1944, Schnörrer was posted to Jagdgeschwader 7 "Nowotny" (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing), the first jet fighter wing. Flying with this unit, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 March 1945. On 30 March, Schnörrer was forced to bail out from his damaged aircraft, sustaining severe injuries to his leg which then had to be amputated. Schnörrer died on 25 September 1979 in Nuremberg.
Early life and career
Schnörrer was born on 22 March 1919 in
World War II
World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. Schnörrer arrived on the Eastern Front as an Unteroffizier, soon after German forces had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. There, he was assigned initially to the Ergänzungsgruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). The Ergänzungsgruppe was a supplementary training group attached to JG 54 under the command of Hauptmann Leo Eggers. There, he was again reunited with Nowotny. In July, he was posted to 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of JG 54. He claimed his first victory on 13 December 1941, which was not confirmed.[7] On this mission, Schnörrer, against orders, had broken formation to attack the enemy aircraft. The Schwarm, flight of four aircraft, had been led by Horst Ademeit who later criticized Schnörrer for his behavior.[8]
Eastern Front
Schnörrer claimed his first confirmed aerial victory on 12 May 1942 over a Yakovlev Yak-1. On 13 August, he shot down a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber, his only other claim in 1942.[9] At the time, 1. Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant Heinz Lange and subordinated to I. Gruppe (1st group) headed by Hauptmann Hans Philipp. On 25 October, Nowotny was transferred from 3. Staffel to take command of 1. Staffel from Lange.[10] Nowotny then chose his friend Schnörrer to be his wingman. In mid-December, I. Gruppe began converting to the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4 fighter aircraft.[11] On 16 January 1943, 1. Staffel was ordered to Heiligenbeil, present-day Mamonovo, where most of the pilots received the Fw 190 aircraft.[12]
As of 1 February, Nowotny, Schnörrer,
On 1 April, the Gruppenkommandeur (group commander), Philipp was transferred and temporarily replaced by Hauptmann Gerhard Koall until Major Reinhard Seiler took command on 1 May.[18] On 5 June, I. Gruppe flew combat air patrols in the area of Volkhov as well as escorting bombers from Kampfgeschwader 53 (KG 53—53rd Bomber Wing) attacking the locks in the harbor of Novaya Ladoga. There, the Gruppe fought against many Soviet fighter aircraft during the course of which Schnörrer claimed a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 fighter shot down.[19] Three days later, I. Gruppe escorted bombers to the railroad bridges near Volkhovstroy. On this mission, Schnörrer claimed the destruction of a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter aircraft.[20] On 15 June, the Nowotny Schwarm was sent on a mission to the coastal area near Kronstadt. On this mission, Schnörrer claimed another LaGG-3 fighter shot down, his eighth aerial victory in total, while Nowotny claimed his 99th to 101st aerial victory.[21][Note 2]
Operation Citadel
In early July, I. Gruppe of JG 54 was ordered to move to
On 7 July, the Gruppe again operated over Ponyri where they claimed 35 aerial victories for no loss of their own, including a
Battle at Kharkiv and Smolensk
On 9 August, I. Gruppe was ordered 400 kilometers (250 miles) south to Poltava Airfield where they were placed under the control of Luftflotte 4 (Air Fleet 4). The reason for this was a response to the successful Soviet Belgorod–Kharkiv offensive operation following the Battle of Kursk.[30] On 11 August, Nowotny was temporarily appointed commander of I. Gruppe, a position he held until 15 September when he was officially assigned as Gruppenkommandeur.[18] The next day, the Gruppe flew multiple combat air patrols and fighter escort for Ju 87 dive bombers in the area west of Kharkiv. On one of these missions, Schnörrer shot down a La-5 fighter.[31] Over the following days, the Gruppe continued to escort for dive bombers to Grayvoron and Okhtyrka. On 16 August, Schnörrer shot down another La-5 fighter. Two days later, the Gruppe returned to Kharkiv and Okhtyrka where Schnörrer claimed a MiG-3 fighter shot down in the afternoon, his 20th claim. On 20 August, I. Gruppe again escorted Ju 87 dive bombers and Heinkel He 111 bombers to Okhtyrka. Without loss, I. Gruppe claimed 15 aerial victories, including a Pe-2 bomber and an Il-2 ground attack aircraft by Schnörrer.[32] The next day, Schnörrer claimed another Il-2 ground attack aircraft shot down on a mission to Kharkiv.[33]
On 27 August, I. Gruppe was withdrawn from the combat area of Kharkiv and ordered to the airfield Iwanowka which was located at Ordschonikidsegrad, present-day part of Bryansk, which again placed them under the control of Luftflotte 6. The reason for this relocation was Soviet success in the
On 14 October, to the southwest of Smolensk near Markovo, Nowotny became the first pilot to claim 250 aerial victories. That day, Schnörrer claimed his 33rd aerial victory, a P-40 shot down near Lyady.[38] Schnörrer was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 21 October.[7] On 11 November, the Nowotny Schwarm lost Döbele, who was killed in a mid-air collision with an Il-2 ground attack aircraft east of Vitebsk.[39] The next day, Nowotny claimed his last aerial victory on the Eastern Front. A few minutes later Schnörrer shot down a Yakovlev Yak-9 attacking Nowotny for his own 35th victory claim.[40] Schnörrer was then shot down in his Fw 190 A-5 (Werknummer 410021—factory number) south of Nevel by German anti-aircraft artillery.[41] Bailing out at approximately 70 meters (230 feet), his parachute failed to deploy in time, and he crashed to the ground, breaking both legs and suffering a severe concussion.[42] Schnörrer was then rescued by the German infantry and flown in a Junkers Ju 52 to a Luftwaffe hospital in Dölau, today part of Halle.[43]
Flying the Messerschmitt Me 262
Seven months later in June 1944, having recovered from his injuries, and commissioned as an officer, Leutnant Schnörrer was transferred to
Following these events,
On 3 February 1945, the
On 18 March, the Eighth Air Force headed for various railway stations and tank factories in the greater Berlin area with 1,329 heavy bombers, escorted by 632 fighter aircraft. Flying from
On 22 March, Schnörrer was awarded the
Later life
After the war, Schnörrer worked as a photographer for the Deutsche Presse-Agentur (dpa). Schnörrer died on 25 September 1979 in Nuremberg, aged 60.[1][7]
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to Obermaier, Schnörrer was credited with 46 aerial victories claimed in 536 combat missions. This figure includes 35 claims on the Eastern Front and 11 flying the Me 262 jet fighter over the Western Allies.[1] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 45 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. This figure of confirmed claims includes 34 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 11 on the Western Front flying the Me 262 jet fighter, including nine four-engined bombers.[62]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 10662". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Schnörrer did not receive credit.
| |||||||||
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[7] | |||||||||
—
|
13 December 1941 | —
|
unknown | ||||||
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[7] Eastern Front – 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943 | |||||||||
1 | 12 May 1942 | 14:45 | Yak-1 | PQ 10662[9] 35 km (22 mi) east of Lyuban |
2 | 13 August 1942 | 20:40 | Pe-2 | PQ 02592[9] |
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[62] Eastern Front – 4 February – 31 December 1943 | |||||||||
3 | 23 February 1943 | 07:07 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 10181[64] east of Mga |
19 | 18 August 1943 | 16:21 | MiG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 51862, Kantoschirow[65] 25 km (16 mi) east of Bohodukhiv |
4 | 15 March 1943 | 08:12 | Il-2 | PQ 36 Ost 18251[66] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Staraya Russa |
20 | 19 August 1943 | 13:10 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51362[65] 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Grayvoron |
5 | 5 June 1943 | 12:18 | MiG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 21782[67] 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Volkhov |
21 | 19 August 1943 | 15:50 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51544[65] northeast of Bohodukhiv |
6 | 8 June 1943 | 16:18 | LaGG-3 | PQ 36 Ost 10283[67] 35 km (22 mi) west-southwest of Volkhov |
22 | 20 August 1943 | 06:25 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 51533[65] northeast of Bohodukhiv |
7 | 15 June 1943 | 16:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 26 Ost 90134, Borkij[68] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Lomonosov |
23 | 28 September 1943 | 08:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 16513[69] 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Velizh |
8 | 5 July 1943 | 15:42 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63591[70] 20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
24 | 7 October 1943 | 16:17 | P-39 | PQ 35 Ost 17753[69] 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Toropets |
9 | 6 July 1943 | 14:33 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63722[70] 35 km (22 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
25 | 7 October 1943 | 16:17 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 17781[69] 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Toropets |
10 | 7 July 1943 | 14:12 | Boston | PQ 35 Ost 63834[71] 55 km (34 mi) north-northwest of Kursk |
26 | 9 October 1943 | 09:25 | P-39 | PQ 25 Ost 96232, southeast of Nevel[69] |
11 | 7 July 1943 | 14:20 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 63561[71] 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
27 | 9 October 1943 | 13:35 | Il-2 | east of Lugowskija[69] |
12 | 14 July 1943 | 15:50 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 54413[72] 40 km (25 mi) west-southwest of Belyov |
28 | 11 October 1943 | 14:30 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 06283, east of Kosadojewo[69] |
13 | 17 July 1943 | 17:03 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 6] | PQ 35 Ost 54489[73] 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Bolkhov |
29 | 12 October 1943 | 14:25 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 15551, east of Leninsk[74] 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Gorki |
14 | 17 July 1943 | 17:06 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 54483[73] 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Bolkhov |
30 | 13 October 1943 | 09:33 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15542, south of Leninsk[74] northeast of Lenin |
15 | 7 August 1943 | 11:32 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54731[75] 25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Karachev |
31 | 13 October 1943 | 09:55 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 15521, northeast of Scheino[74] |
16 | 7 August 1943 | 13:54 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54732[75] 25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Karachev |
32 | 14 October 1943 | 11:18 | P-40 | PQ 35 Ost 15381, south of Lyady[74] |
17 | 12 August 1943 | 08:57 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 51854[75] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Bohodukhiv |
33 | 10 November 1943 | 14:30 | Il-2 | Lake Ordovo[74] |
18 | 16 August 1943 | 15:25 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 60132[65] Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda |
34 | 12 November 1943 | 10:08 | Yak-9 | Lake Orowaz[40] |
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 7 –[76] Defense of the Reich – – 30 February March 1945 | |||||||||
35 | 3 February 1945 | —
|
B-17 | vicinity of Berlin | 41 | 21 March 1945 | 09:15~ | B-17[77] | northwest of Dresden |
36 | 9 February 1945 | —
|
P-51[78] | vicinity of Berlin | 42 | 22 March 1945 | 12:45~ | B-17[79] | Cottbus-Bautzen-Dresden |
37 | 3 March 1945 | 10:15~ | B-17[80] | vicinity of Braunschweig | 43 | 25 March 1945 | 10:10 | P-51[81] | |
38 | 18 March 1945 | 11:20~ | B-17[82] | vicinity of Rathenow | 44 | 30 March 1945 | 13:30~ | B-17 | vicinity of Hamburg[83] |
39 | 18 March 1945 | 11:20~ | B-17[82] | vicinity of Rathenow | 45 | 30 March 1945 | 13:30~ | B-17 | vicinity of Hamburg[83] |
40 | 19 March 1945 | —
|
B-17[84] | vicinity of Chemnitz |
Awards
- Pilot's Badge (6 May 1941)[2]
- Eastern Front Medal (6 August 1942)[2]
- Wound Badge in Black (13 November 1943)[43]
- Order of the Cross of Liberty 2nd Class (22 November 1942)[2]
- Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold for fighter pilots (14 November 1942)[2]
- Iron Cross (1939)
- German Cross in Gold on 21 October 1943 as Leutnant in the I./Jagdgeschwader 54[86]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 March 1945 as Leutnant of the Reserves and Staffelführer of the 11./Jagdgeschwader 7[87][88]
Notes
- ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[4]
- ^ According to Held, Nowotny claimed his 100th aerial victory on 5 June 1943 on a mission to Novaya Ladoga.[22]
- ^ Sources differ with respect to the Staffel Schnörrer was assigned to in III. Gruppe of JG 7. Smith and Creek place him in 9. Staffel.[47] According to Forsyth, Schnörrer was assigned to 11. Staffel.[48]
- ^ For a list of Luftwaffe jet aces see List of German World War II jet aces
- Volprecht Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of Kampfgeschwader 54(J) (KG 54(J)—54th Fighter Bomber Wing), who was also killed that day.[55]
- ^ The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
- ^ According to Held on 18 October 1943.[2]
References
Citations
- ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 199.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Held 1998, p. 146.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 21.
- ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
- ^ a b Musciano 1989, p. 119.
- ^ Ziegler 2014, p. 122.
- ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1161.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 38.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 85.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 81.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 75.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 77.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 69.
- ^ Spick 1996, p. 197.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 85.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 93, 170.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 101–102, 171.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 165.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 123–124, 174.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 124, 174.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 124–125, 175.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 83.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 127, 129.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 129–130, 176.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 130, 176.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 131, 177.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 135, 179.
- ^ Bergström 2007, pp. 107–108.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 142, 180.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 142–143.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 143, 180.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 144, 181.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 145, 181.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 146.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 148.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 151, 185.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 152, 185.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 153–154, 186.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 160, 193.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 188.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 193.
- ^ Weal 2001, p. 106.
- ^ a b Held 1998, p. 121.
- ^ Morgan & Weal 1998, pp. 27–28.
- ^ Held 1998, p. 157.
- ^ Forsyth 2008, p. 17.
- ^ a b Smith & Creek 2000, p. 616.
- ^ Forsyth 2008, p. 32.
- ^ Morgan & Weal 1998, p. 88.
- ^ Spick 1996, p. 212.
- ^ Smith & Creek 2000, pp. 560–561.
- ^ Smith & Creek 2000, p. 563.
- ^ Smith & Creek 2000, p. 566.
- ^ Harvey 2011, p. 304.
- ^ Chapis & Thomas 2017, p. 48.
- ^ Smith & Creek 2000, p. 593.
- ^ Smith & Creek 2000, pp. 616, 618.
- ^ Smith & Creek 2000, p. 618.
- ^ Morgan & Weal 1998, p. 96.
- ^ Forsyth 2008, pp. 82–83.
- ^ Smith & Creek 2000, p. 633.
- ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1161–1162.
- ^ Planquadrat.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 170.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 181.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 171.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 174.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 175.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 185.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 176.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 177.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 178.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 179.
- ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 186.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 180.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1162.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 124.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 83.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 127.
- ^ Forsyth 2008, p. 61.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 132.
- ^ a b Heaton & Lewis 2012, p. 270.
- ^ a b Forsyth 2008, p. 83.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 119.
- ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 185.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 419.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 386.
- ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 678.
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