Kinabatangan River

Coordinates: 5°37′34.1″N 118°34′21.4″E / 5.626139°N 118.572611°E / 5.626139; 118.572611
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Kinabatangan River
Country
 Malaysia
State Sabah
DivisionSandakan Division
Precise locationNortheastern Borneo
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationFrom mountains in Tongod District
Crocker Range[4] and Maliau Basin[5]

The Kinabatangan River (

riverine forest, freshwater swamp forest, oxbow lakes, and salty mangrove swamps
near the coast.

Etymology and history

With the early Chinese traders' settlement around the

steam launches as well for smaller boats.[13] William Burgess Pryer attempted to establish a market at one location called Domingol along the river coast, but the plan did not flourish.[14]

Geology and ecology

The river area, including Labang and Kuamut, were formed by the

northeast monsoon cause the river to swell rapidly.[3] Unable to disgorge into the sea quickly enough, the river frequently overflows its banks and spreads across the flat land of its lower reaches, creating a huge floodplain.[5]

Conservation efforts

A sapling planted by APE Malaysia at the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia

In 1997, 270 km2 (104 sq mi) of the lower Kinabatangan floodplain were declared a protected area.

non-governmental organisations (NGOs).[19] Following media attention after a decapitated elephant's head was found floating down the river in 2006, the protected area was gazetted as the Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary through the Sabah Wildlife Conservation Enactment of 1997 under the purview of the Sabah Wildlife Department in 2009.[19][20]

Since the beginning of the modern era in the early 1950s until 1987, the lower Kinabatangan area has been subjected to commercial

riparian area along the Kinabatangan River in Sukau to create a landscape where people, nature, and agriculture activities could co-exist harmoniously in their need for water.[22] Most nature tourism in the Kinabatangan River area is concentrated around Sukau since it is accessible by road and offers comfortable accommodation to visitors prepared to pay for well-managed tours.[23]

Accessibility

The only bridge crossing the river is located at

pygmy elephant population.[24][25] The river can be visited all year round, although it is often flooded during the wettest part of the year in December and January. From April to October during the main flowering and fruiting season, the climate is generally fairly dry and a good time to spot many birds and animals. During the northeast monsoon from November to March, there are often heavy showers during the afternoons which usually extended until December and January. Through the rainy season, it is possible to negotiate many of the river channels leading into the oxbow lakes, where there is a greater concentration of wildlife.[26]

  • The river in 1984.
    The river in 1984.
  • A signboard on a road bridge passing the river.
    A signboard on a road bridge passing the river.
  • The river seen from far.
    The river seen from far.
  • Vegetation along the river.
    Vegetation along the river.
  • Bornean clouded leopard along the lower part of the river.
    Bornean clouded leopard along the lower part of the river.
  • A group of Proboscis monkeys by the river Kinabatangan
    A group of Proboscis monkeys by the river Kinabatangan
  • Orang Utan by the river
    Orang Utan by the river

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Kinabatangan River with 560 km (350 mi) length is the second longest river in Malaysia after the 563 km (350 mi) Rajang River in neighbouring Sarawak.[1][6]

References

  1. ^ a b Awang Azfar Awang Ali Bahar (2004). "Frequency Analysis of Riverflow in Sabah and Sarawak" (PDF). Civil Engineering Programme: 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019 – via Universiti Teknologi Petronas.
  2. ^ "National Register of River Basins [List of River Basin Management Units (RBMU) – Sabah]" (PDF). Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia. 2003. p. 34. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  3. ^
    ISSN 1823-3902. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019 – via Universiti Malaysia Sabah
    .
  4. ISBN 978-1-84162-252-1
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4629-1907-9
    .
  6. ^ "Sarawak's Rajang River Delta". NASA Earth Observatory. 2016. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  7. ISBN 978-0-8168-8840-5
    .
  8. ^
    ISBN 9780028653679
    .
  9. ^ a b Sir Spenser St. John (1863). Life in the Forests of the Far East. Smith, Elder and Company. p. 327.
  10. ISBN 978-983-56-0056-2
    .
  11. ISBN 978-0-85958-836-2
    .
  12. ^ "Sultan-Sultan Brunei" [Sultans of Brunei] (in Malay). Government of Brunei. Archived from the original on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  13. ISBN 978-1-351-57306-1
    .
  14. ISBN 978-3-86403-425-1
    .
  15. ^ Allagu Balaguru; Gary Nichols; Robert Hall (2003). "The origin of the 'circular basins' of Sabah, Malaysia" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Royal Holloway University of London: 337. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019 – via Geological Society of Malaysia.
  16. ^ a b Allagu Balaguru; Gary Nichols; Robert Hall (2003). "Tertiary stratigraphy and basin evolution of southern Sabah: implications for the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Sabah, Malaysia" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Royal Holloway University of London: 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019 – via Geological Society of Malaysia.
  17. ISSN 1653-5634. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019 – via Uppsala University
    .
  18. ISBN 978-92-5-105756-8
    .
  19. ^ a b c "Borneo's Kinabatangan [The River of Life]" (PDF). Anima Mundi. 2017. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  20. Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources, Malaysia
    .
  21. ^ Kamar Nor Aini Kamarul Zaman (24 September 2007). "Kinabatangan River Needs Rescue From Pollution". Bernama. Malaysian Palm Oil Board. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  22. ^ "Nestlé brings RiLeaf to the Kinabatangan River" (Press release). Nestlé. 26 September 2011. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  23. hdl:10182/1339
    .
  24. ^ John C. Cannon (3 May 2017). "Over the bridge: The battle for the future of the Kinabatangan". Mongabay. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  25. ^ Jeremy Hance (21 April 2017). "David Attenborough's 'Guardian headline' halts Borneo bridge". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  26. ISBN 978-981-05-1412-9
    .

Further reading

External links

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